Medical Imaging

2013 ◽  
pp. 634-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Wang ◽  
Alex Cong ◽  
Hao Gao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Victor J. Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Physics Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Imaging Theory ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Medical imaging is both an indispensable tool and a highly interdisciplinary field. Over the past decades, progress in medical imaging theory and technology has dramatically accelerated. This chapter provides a comprehensive study of the fundamental and advanced principles behind each of the major imaging modalities. It also presents topics related to the vision of the future of each modality. The chapter is intended for upper level or graduate biomedical engineering/bioengineering/medical physics students, researchers, and faculty.

scholarly journals Educational outcomes of a medical physicist program over the past 10 years in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kadoya ◽  
Kumiko Karasawa ◽  
Iori Sumida ◽  
Hidetaka Arimura ◽  
Yasumasa Kakinohana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Physics Students ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Physicist ◽  
Medical Physicists ◽  
Education Culture

Abstract The promotion plan for the Platform of Human Resource Development for Cancer (Ganpro) was initiated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan in 2007, establishing a curriculum for medical physicists. In this study, we surveyed the educational outcomes of the medical physicist program over the past 10 years since the initiation of Ganpro. The Japan Society of Medical Physics mailing list was used to announce this survey. The questionnaire was created by members of the Japanese Board for Medical Physicist Qualification, and was intended for the collection of information regarding the characteristics and career paths of medical physics students. Students who participated in the medical physics program from 2007 to 2016 were enrolled. Thirty-one universities (17 accredited and 14 non-accredited) were represented in the survey. In total, 491, 105 and 6 students were enrolled in the Master's, Doctorate and Residency programs, respectively. Most students held a Bachelor's degree in radiological technology (Master's program, 87%; Doctorate program, 72%). A large number of students with a Master's degree worked as radiological technologists (67%), whereas only 9% (n = 32) worked as medical physicists. In contrast, 53% (n = 28) of the students with a Doctorate degree worked as medical physicists. In total, 602 students (from 31 universities) completed the survey. Overall, although the number of the graduates who worked as medical physicists was small, this number increased annually. It thus seems that medical institutions in Japan are recognizing the necessity of licensed medical physicists in the radiotherapy community.

Top 100 most-cited articles on medical imaging applications of artificial intelligence: a bibliometric analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Ziyan Yu ◽  
Shuolan Jing ◽  
Honghu Jiang ◽  
Chunxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Core Technology

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) has penetrated into almost every aspect of our lives and is rapidly changing our way of life. Recently, the new generation of AI taking machine learning and particularly deep convolutional neural network theories as the core technology, has stronger learning ability and independent learning evolution ability, combined with a large amount of learning data, breaks through the bottleneck limit of model accuracy, and makes the model efficient use. OBJECTIVE To identify the 100 most cited papers in artificial intelligence in medical imaging, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis basing on the literature search on Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). METHODS The 100 top-cited articles published in “AI, Medical imaging” journals were identified using the Science Citation Index Database. The articles were further reviewed, and basic information was collected, including the number of citations, journals, authors, publication year, and field of study. RESULTS The highly cited articles in AI were cited between 72 and 1,554 times. The majority of them were published in three major journals: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Medical Image Analysis and Medical Physics. The publication year ranged from 2002 to 2019, with 66% published in a three-year period (2016 to 2018). Publications from the United States (56%) were the most heavily cited, followed by those from China (15%) and Netherlands (10%). Radboud University Nijmegen from Netherlands, Harvard Medical School in USA, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong in China produced the highest number of publications (n=6). Computer science (42%), clinical medicine (35%), and engineering (8%) were the most common fields of study. CONCLUSIONS Citation analysis in the field of artificial intelligence in medical imaging reveals interesting information about the topics and trends negotiated by researchers and elucidates which characteristics are required for a paper to attain a “classic” status. Clinical science articles published in highimpact specialized journals are most likely to be cited in the field of artificial intelligence in medical imaging.

Plant leaf recognition with shallow and deep learning: A comprehensive study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1328
Author(s):  
Jozsef Suto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Nowadays there are hundreds of thousands known plant species on the Earth and many are still unknown yet. The process of plant classification can be performed using different ways but the most popular approach is based on plant leaf characteristics. Most types of plants have unique leaf characteristics such as shape, color, and texture. Since machine learning and vision considerably developed in the past decade, automatic plant species (or leaf) recognition has become possible. Recently, the automated leaf classification is a standalone research area inside machine learning and several shallow and deep methods were proposed to recognize leaf types. From 2007 to present days several research papers have been published in this topic. In older studies the classifier was a shallow method while in current works many researchers applied deep networks for classification. During the overview of plant leaf classification literature, we found an interesting deficiency (lack of hyper-parameter search) and a key difference between studies (different test sets). This work gives an overall review about the efficiency of shallow and deep methods under different test conditions. It can be a basis to further research.

Old and New Results for First Order Periodic ODEs without Uniqueness: a Comprehensive Study by Lower and Upper Solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Obersnel ◽  
Pierpaolo Omari
Keyword(s):  
Cauchy Problem ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Lower And Upper Solutions ◽  
Elementary Approach ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cauchy Problem ◽  
Qualitative Properties Of Solutions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractAn elementary approach, based on a systematic use of lower and upper solutions, is employed to detect the qualitative properties of solutions of first order scalar periodic ordinary differential equations. This study is carried out in the Carathéodory setting, avoiding any uniqueness assumption, in the future or in the past, for the Cauchy problem. Various classical and recent results are recovered and generalized.

Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jane A. Kent ◽  
Kate L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in exercise physiology over the last four decades. Key among these is the adoption of advanced technologies by exercise physiologists to address fundamental research questions, and the expansion of research topics to range from molecular to organismal, and population scales in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and impact of physiological responses to exercise in health and disease. Collectively, these advances have ensured the position of the field as a partner in generating new knowledge across many scientific and health disciplines.

scholarly journals Multi-Method END Study in the Search for 'Defects' in an Aeronautical Radar Element

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Gaston Sanglier ◽  
Jose Miguel ◽  
Jose Antonio Penaranda ◽  
y Gabriel Del Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Partial Information ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Inspection Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) has gone from being a simple laboratory curiosity to an indispensable tool in the industry to determine the level of quality achieved in its products. The new concepts of Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) bring a more universal concept of quality compared to the past philosophy based on Quality Control as a group specialized in checking whether production works within certain specifications. Even so, NDTs have not lost interest, but have seen their interest increased due to automated inspection techniques. It has become a contribution to the structuring of quality as it allows to move from purely empirical criteria to other more objective and that constitute the link between design and evaluation (Ramirez et al, 1996). The work presented, although it does not propose new methods or techniques of NDT, has the interest of converging into a single object five conventional methods each of which provides partial information about their quality of manufacture and must synthesize the results in order to evaluate it. Furthermore, it shows a situation of the application of NDT in which these must be applied in the absence of reference standards, as they do not exist. This peculiar situation is completely different from the usual situation in the use of NDT in the industry, both in manufacturing processes and in maintenance inspections.

scholarly journals The International Consortium of Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen): Achievements and Collaborations

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
U. Heilbronner
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Genotype Data ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
International Effort ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lithium Response ◽  
Indispensable Tool

Lithium is an indispensable tool of modern psychiatry. Although it is well-known that response to lithium is a familial trait, available research on pharmacogenetics regarding lithium treatment has, in the past, produced few reproducible results. The Consortium of Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) was initiated by Thomas G. Schulze and Francis J. McMahon in 2008 to overcome these limitations. To date, researchers from 39 countries have joined the consortium, making it a truly international effort. A hallmark of the consortium is the use of an 11-point lithium response rating scale defined by Martin Alda and colleagues. The pooling of genotype data from over 2,500 patients phenotyped with this standardized response scale, have led to initial successes, which form the basis for further research.

Yugoslavism: Some Aspects and Comments

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Djordjević
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Science Association ◽  
Social Science Association ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractAt the April, 1972, Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Social Science Association, which took place in Salt Lake City, five young American scholars presented papers dealing with various aspects of Yugoslavism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The papers and subsequent discussions were interesting from two standpoints. First, the authors belong to the youngest generation of American scholars familiar with the several Yugoslav languages and with Yugoslav archives and other sources. Second, the topic of Yugoslavism is not only complex and provocative, but currently topical as well. It is striking that even today, more than fifty-five years after the creation of the Yugoslav state, we do not have a modern and comprehensive study of the origins and development of the Yugoslav idea and, consequently, of the Yugoslav movement in the past. Inter-war Yugoslav historiography usually approached the problem from the "unitaristic" viewpoint, which corresponded to the political necessities of the time.1 As a reaction to this. post-war Yugoslav historiography espoused the other extreme: a stress on the national histories of the various Yugoslav peoples, to the detriment of the Yugoslav entity.2 When we attempt to study the development of Yugoslavism in the past, it strikes me as necessary to find the answers to three general questions: 1. What caused the origin of the Yugoslav idea? 2. What were the features of its development? 3. What were the internal and external obstacles the Yugoslav movement had to confront?

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