Representing Geospatial Concepts

2014 ◽  
pp. 124-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Sen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Function Representation ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Independent Existence ◽  
Geospatial Ontologies

Knowledge representation of geospatial entities is dependent on the ability to share their structural properties along with their functional properties, which define their usage for human-society. However, geospatial ontologies have mainly relied on taxonomy-based and mereology-based ontologies. While structural properties of entities such as shape, topography, and orientation are considered important tools for geospatial ontologies, existence of structural properties are not sufficient conditions for the existence of functional properties. Contrastingly, a parallel approach assumes independent existence of function-based concept hierarchies and builds on the premise that human activities associated to any given geospatial entity are essential for specification of the entity concept itself. This chapter compares two diverging approaches based on cases drawn from physical geography, transportation, and hydrology. The differences in core concepts and tools are discussed in relation to universal ontologies of geographic space. It is argued that function representation in geospatial ontologies, in combination with structure-based concepts of geospatial entities, is both necessary and challenging.

scholarly journals A TEORIA GEOSSISTÊMICA NA PESQUISA GEOMORFOLÓGICA: UMA ABORDAGEM TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (55) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Caio Lima-dos Santos ◽  
Osvaldo Girão
Keyword(s):  
Physical Geography ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Effect Relation

<p>A teoria geossistêmica está fortemente inserida na geográfica física, sobretudo no campo da pesquisa geomorfológica. Essa teoria busca realizar suas analises através da relação de causa e efeitos dos elementos que compõe o sistema terrestre, bem como tenta explicar como esses elementos se materializam no tempo e no espaço. Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma discussão teórica e conceitual sobre a teoria geossistêmica e seu desenvolvimento dentro da pesquisa geomorfológica, fazendo assim uma reflexão sobre o potencial e as fragilidades apresentadas por essa teoria. Destaca-se, portanto, a importância dessa teoria para orientar a ocupação territorial, considerando os atributos físico-ambientais e sua dinâmica, com intuito estabelecer uma ação humana menos onerosa à natureza e a sociedade que faz uso desses espaços.</p><p>THE GEOSYSTEMIC THEORY IN GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH: A THEORETICAL-CONCEPTUAL APPROACH</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /> The geosystemic theory is strongly embedded in Physical Geography, especially in the field of geomorphological research. This theory seeks to accomplish its analysis through the cause-effect relation of the elements that compose the Earth system, and it also attempts to explain how these elements are materialized in time and space. This article aims at making a theoretical and conceptual discussion on geosystemic theory and its development within the geomorphological research, thus making a reflection on the potential and weaknesses presented by this theory. We emphasize; however, the importance of this theory to guide land occupation considering the physical and environmental attributes and its dynamics in order to establish a less onerous nature and human society action that use these spaces.</p><p><span><br /></span></p>

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Perovskites: The Effect of Potential Function Representation on Equilibrium Structural Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 110-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholmirzo T. Kholmurodov ◽  
Sagille A. Ibragimova ◽  
Pavel P. Gladishev ◽  
Anatoly V. Vannikov ◽  
Alexey R. Tameev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Function Representation ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Polymer-Based Building Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jingjing Shen ◽  
Jianwei Liang ◽  
Xinfeng Lin ◽  
Hongjian Lin ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Human Society

With the development of human society, the requirements for building materials are becoming higher. The development of polymer materials and their application in the field of architecture have greatly enhanced and broadened the functions of building materials. With the development of material science and technology, many functional materials have been developed. Polymer materials have many excellent properties compared with inorganic materials, and they can also be improved to enhance functional properties by blending or adding various additives (such as flame retardants, antistatic agents, and antioxidants). In this paper, polymer-based building materials are introduced with three classes according to the applications, that is, substrates, coatings, and binders, and their recent signs of progress in the preparations and applications are carefully demonstrated.

scholarly journals Dust storm hazards

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Nick Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Dust Events

Dust storms originate in many of the world's drylands and frequently present hazards to human society, both within the drylands themselves but also outside drylands due to long-range transport of aeolian sediments. Desert dust hazards can occur where dust is entrained, during the transport phase, and on deposition. This paper draws on studies in physical geography, medical geology and geomorphology to discuss case studies of accelerated soil erosion, the health effects of air pollution caused by desert aerosols, injuries related to transport accidents caused by poor visibility during desert dust events, the spread of disease, and problems with water supplies and at solar power plants caused by dust deposition.

Editorial Introduction

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Pliny The Younger ◽  
Base Level ◽  
The Mediterranean

Catastrophic earthquakes, explosive volcanic eruptions, and devastating storms and floods are intimately bound up within the history and mythology of the Mediterranean world. It is a key region for the study of natural hazards because it offers unrivalled access to long records of hazard occurrence and impact through documentary, archaeological and geological archives. Early texts and archaeological data have provided unique insights into the nature and impact of past eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other hazards. Notable events were carefully documented in Antiquity and the archaeological record provides insights into the impact of catastrophic events on past human societies. The eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79, for example, was famously documented by Pliny the Younger, and the excavations at Pompeii have provided extraordinarily rich insights into the dynamics and impacts of tephra falls and pyroclastic flows. The significance of environmental hazards in the demise of civilizations such as Minoan Crete (tsunami) and the Early Bronze Age in the Near East (drought) has been vigorously debated for decades. While such events have undoubtedly threatened people in the region since prehistoric times, the actual threat to human society has increased dramatically in the historical and modern periods as urban environments and their populations have rapidly expanded. This part of the volume analyses hazards associated with both endogenic and exogenic Earth processes and the interactions between them. It includes volcanic processes, crustal instability, tsunamis, fluvial floods, extreme weather phenomena, and wildfires. Each chapter explores the basic controls and the geography of a particular hazard and related processes, and, over a range of timescales, magnitude and frequency relationships and the nature of the threat to human society. High-magnitude events are a fundamental part of the physical geography of the Mediterranean and play a key role in long-term landscape evolution and ecosystem change. Even though the processes associated with each hazard typically take place over very short timescales, they can set in motion long-term adjustments to geomorphological and ecosystem processes. Tephra falls can change soil properties and vegetation communities, for example, and earthquakes may trigger base-level change and landslips in river basins that enhance fluvial sediment yields for many centuries.

The structural basis for the pathophysiological relevance of PAI-1 in cardiovascular diseases and the development of potential PAI-1 inhibitors

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (03) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Gils ◽  
Paul Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important component of the plasminogen/plasmin system as it is the main inhibitor of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Consequently, PAI-1 plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases (mainly through inhibition of t-PA), and in cell migration and tumor development (mainly through inhibition of u-PA and interaction with vitronectin). As a member of the serpin superfamily, PAI-1 shares important structural properties with other serpins. However, PAI-1 also exhibits unique conformational and functional properties. The current review provides an overview of the knowledge on PAI-1 gathered since its discovery two decades ago. We discuss (a) its structural properties of the protein and their subsequent relation to functional activities, (b) its role in a wide variety of (patho) physiological processes and (c) a number of strategies to interfere with its functional properties eventually aiming at pharmacological modulation of this risk factor.

Aroids.

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-114
Author(s):  
S. N. Moorthy ◽  
M. S. Sajeev ◽  
R. P. K. Ambrose ◽  
R. J. Anish
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Granular Morphology ◽  
Amylopectin Structure ◽  
Starch Crystallinity

Abstract This book chapter outlines the extraction and purification, physiochemical composition (i.e. biochemical content, amylose and amylopectin content), structural properties (i.e. granular morphology, XRD and starch crystallinity, amylose and amylopectin structure), functional properties (i.e. swelling and solubility, viscosity, rheological properties, retrogradation), thermal properties (i.e. DSC, digestibility) of aroids.

scholarly journals CORE CONCEPTS FOR DYNAMIC TU GAMES

2005 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE KRANICH ◽  
ANDRÉS PEREA ◽  
HANS PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Games ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Finite Sequence ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Tu Games ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Provided Examples

This paper is concerned with the question of how to define the core when cooperation takes place in a dynamic setting. The focus is on dynamic cooperative games in which the players face a finite sequence of exogenously specified TU-games. Three different core concepts are presented: the classical core, the strong sequential core and the weak sequential core. The differences between the concepts arise from different interpretations of profitable deviations by coalitions. Sufficient conditions are given for nonemptiness of the classical core in general and of the weak sequential core for the case of two players. Simplifying characterizations of the weak and strong sequential core are provided. Examples highlight the essential difference between these core concepts.

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