Evolution of Electronic and Mobile Business and Services

2012 ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
Carl Adams ◽  
Simon Mouatt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Mobile Business ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Mobile business and services are playing an increasingly significant role in economic activity for nations. However, one of the prerequisites for successful electronic business activity is to have practical and acceptable mechanisms to conduct electronic transactions. In this paper, the authors identify weaknesses in the mobile and electronic payments markets, namely hyper-competition that results in too much variation and lack of standards. The paper gains insights from previous works on the government and money nexus. The relationship between governments and money has continued to evolve. The current global and electronic environment now presents fresh challenges for the state, as payments extend across national jurisdictions and deal with new types of services and transactions. The paper provides the basis for developing theory to fully capture and recognise the development of mobility in an electronic and global market space and by identifying practical ways governments can support the evolving mobile payments industry.

Evolution of Electronic and Mobile Business and Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Adams ◽  
Simon Mouatt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Mobile Business ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Mobile business and services are playing an increasingly significant role in economic activity for nations. However, one of the prerequisites for successful electronic business activity is to have practical and acceptable mechanisms to conduct electronic transactions. In this paper, the authors identify weaknesses in the mobile and electronic payments markets, namely hyper-competition that results in too much variation and lack of standards. The paper gains insights from previous works on the government and money nexus. The relationship between governments and money has continued to evolve. The current global and electronic environment now presents fresh challenges for the state, as payments extend across national jurisdictions and deal with new types of services and transactions. The paper provides the basis for developing theory to fully capture and recognise the development of mobility in an electronic and global market space and by identifying practical ways governments can support the evolving mobile payments industry.

Determinants of Taxable Capacity in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Bassey Eyo Bassey ◽  
Eme J. Efiong
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Test Of Hypotheses ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This study is centered on the determinants of taxable capacity in Nigeria, with taxable capacity viewed as the ability of the taxed person to bear the burden of the tax in relation to their source of income without experiencing a reduction in standard of living, or margin of profit and investment in the case of firms. The study employed desk survey research design, and data obtained from secondary sources and analysis conducted using the ordinary least square technique. The results from the regression analysis and the test of hypotheses revealed that the relationship between inflation and taxable capacity in Nigeria was negative and statistically insignificant. Also, the results showed that both the degree of economic openness and the level of economic development positively and significantly affected taxable capacity in Nigeria. The study recommended that the Nigerian government should create an enabling environment that will facilitate international trade and provide the necessary facilities for the efficient and effective administration of taxes on the income generated from the global market as these will go a long way in providing revenue for the government.

scholarly journals Ṣukūk: A Sharīʿah Compliant Tool for Financing Budget Deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Omar Zuhair Hafiz Omar Zuhair Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
International Debt ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The lead paper (Pettifor, 2019) discusses an important issue at the macroeconomic level, especially the impact of financing government’s expansionary budget deficit through borrowing. The paper reiterates that claiming that the use of loans to finance the deficit will lead to a decline in the economic activity and will in turn increase the deficit, is a common misconception. In fact, the data on the British economy over a period of a hundred years, as shown in the lead paper, proves that there is a positive relationship between the volume of the budget deficit (and public debt) and economic activity. This, in turn, lead to a decrease in unemployment and thus, eventually contributed to a reduction in the budget deficit. These results have been proven by other researches as well as I have mentioned in this paper. I have also pointed to other researches which indicate that there is a negative relationship between the size of the debt (or the budget deficit), and economic activity, which contradicts the hypothesis of the lead paper. In this brief comment on the lead paper, I also discuss the fact that the global debt phenomenon has become a burning issue. I present a summary of the state of international debt around the world and discuss its impact on the economies of many countries that repay their debts in hard currencies. I argue that this situation must be taken into consideration when discussing the impact of borrowing to finance the government budget deficit to stimulate economic growth. I also propose that these effects on the borrowing economies should also be analyzed in the event that these international loans are in the form of Islamic instruments (ṣukūk) which are increasingly being used by some governments as a tool to finance their budget deficits, especially among the OIC countries. However, because it is a modern financing tool, several years need to pass before we can viably test the relationship between them and economic growth and the extent of their impact on key variables at the macro level of the economy.

scholarly journals The Effects of Wages and Welfare Facilities on Employee Productivity: Mediating Role of Employee Work Motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-60
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurul Alam ◽  
Md Mahmudul Hassan ◽  
Dorothea Bowyer ◽  
Md Reaz
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose- Garment employee productivity in Bangladesh is the lowest compared to its competitors such as China, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The Bangladeshi Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry will find it a challenge to survive in the global market unless they improve employee productivity. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to observe the relationship among wages and benefits, welfare facilities, employee work motivation and employee productivity. Design/Methodology/Approach- The study was conducted under the positivism philosophy for which Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory was used for framing the hypotheses. A deductive approach, explanatory research design and a quantitative methodology was followed in order to conduct the study. Through a questionnaire survey, twenty-five items were taken from existing literature to measure the variables. By a systematic probability sampling technique, 500 samples were collected from the target population. Thereafter, SPSS and SEM using Smart-PLS were utilised for analysing and developing the model. Findings- The outcome of the analysis revealed that all seven hypotheses were supported. Practical Implications- These findings will assist the policymakers, the government of Bangladesh, factory owners, managers and other stakeholders to formulate new policies and practices. Originality/Value- This study explores the relationship among wages and benefits, welfare facilities, employee work motivation and employee productivity which has not been explored theoretically and tested empirically in a Bangladeshi context. In the future, comparative research can be carried out by collecting samples from the EPZ (Export Processing Zone) and non-EPZ factories.

Tax evasion, political/public corruption and increased taxation: evidence from Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophias Kurauone ◽  
Yusheng Kong ◽  
Stephen Mago ◽  
Huaping Sun ◽  
Takuriramunashe Famba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Public Corruption ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between tax evasion, political/public corruption and increased taxation in Zimbabwe’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach The study as a descriptive survey used questionnaires and interviews as research instruments for collecting data. Findings The findings revealed that most SMEs are no longer paying some form of taxes as expected since the Government of Zimbabwe through the Ministry of Finance and Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe introduced the 2% tax levy on all bank electronic transactions greater than US$10 from October 2018. Originality/value The paper recommends that the government should create an independent anti-corruption committee with strong monitoring and regulatory mechanism so as to fight political/public corruption; hence, creating a paradigm of trust and confidence among different economic players. Lastly, the tax authorities should engage all the key economic players when crafting the country’s tax laws/rates so as to promote a sense of equity, equality and economic transparency among citizens.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Mahalia Jackman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

With the ongoing global financial crisis -which began with the collapse of the US sub-prime market in 2007 - the Barbadian economy is expected to contract in 2009. As a means of stimulating economic activity and providing job opportunities, the government has committed itself to completing 572 houses during the 2009/10 financial year. However, the arguments in favour of allocating more resources to residential construction have not been based on the existence of empirical analyses. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between residential construction and economic growth for Barbados. The historical data suggests that there is bi-directional causality between economic growth and residential construction. Hence, a policy that stimulates the housing market may boost economic activity.

Connection of Lands, Buildings and Structures with Business Activity - Direction Of Interpretation Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Adam Olczyk
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the interpretation of the regulation of Polish Real Estate Tax resulting from the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 24 February 2021, SK 39/19. In this judgment the Constitutional Tribunal questioned the current interpretation of the connection of land, building or structure with conducting business activity. The author describes necessary changes in interpretation of the regulation, which results from this ruling. The article explains who is affected by the new understanding of the regulation and what is the relationship of the new interpretation with the suspension of business activity. The major part of the considerations is devoted to the effects of the Constitutional Tribunal's judgment in relation to restrictions implemented on the conduct of economic activity in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The author presents the position according to which subjects who could not conduct economic activity by the regulation should not pay for this period the higher rate of property tax provided for real estate owned by entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals RESPONS KOMUNITAS NELAYAN TERHADAP MODERNISASI PERIKANAN: STUDI KASUS NELAYAN SUKU BAJO DI DESA LAGASA KABUPATEN MUNA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Awaludin Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Work Pattern ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labor System ◽  
The Relationship

Fishery modernization by the Government of Indonesian is intended to alleviate fishery community poverty including for Bajau Ethnic fishermen.  This research is aimed at studying the relationship between the meaning of sea and work by fishermen and their acceptance to fishery modernization, impact analyzing of fishery modernization to work pattern, social structure, and the propesperity level.  This research is conducted in Lagasa Village, District Of Muna Southeast Sulawesi where Bajau ethnic stay.  Respondents consist of 45 ponggawas, 30 local sawies, and 25 sawies from outside village, 5 others as informants. Impacts of modernization to the fisherman community were shown by changes of job pattern that consisted of increasingly the capacity to explore and number of workers (sawi), the character of job tent semi-free labor system, the recruitment of workers became more selective, and the division of labor became more clear and hierarchism. After that, the impacts on the social structure occurred especially on the organizing of sharing holder system that was increasingly more formal, social stratification became more complex, economic activity more differentiated, and the pattern of work relation became semi-exploitative.Key words: impact of modernization, fisherman community, Bajau ethnic

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagah Yaumiyya Riyoprakoso ◽  
AM Hasan Ali ◽  
Fitriyani Zein
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Explanation

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

Byelorussian Nationalism and Western Russianism: the Problem of Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between Western Russianism (Zapadnorusizm) and Byelorussian nationalism. Byelorussian nationalism is much younger than Western Russianism, finally shaping only in the end of the 19th century. Before 1917 revolution Byelorussian nationalism could not compete with Western Russianism. The national policy of the Bolsheviks contributed to the decline of Western Russianism and helped Byelorussian nationalism to gain stronger positions. However, Byelorussian nationalists actively cooperated with the occupation authorities during the Great Patriotic war. That caused distinctly negative attitude of Byelorussians towards the movement and collaborators. Currently, Byelorussian nationalism is supported both by the opposition and by the government. Western Russianism has no political representation, but is supported by the majority of Byelorussian population.

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