THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LITERACY OF QUR’ᾹNIC INTERPRETATIONS IN SUDAN: CRITICAL STUDY OF THE AL-TAFSĪR AL-TAUḤĪDĪ

This article aims to critically explain the method of al-Tafsīr al-Tauḥīdī by Ḥasan al-Turābī and its position amongst other thematic commentary theories. This study is a descriptive qualitative study by employing content analysis theory. The results indicate the trend of al-Tafsīr al-Tauḥīdī in two meanings. The first is as a commentary paradigm which leans on the unity of man and the universe in the message of the God’s revelation. The second is as the form of thematic commentary of al-Waḥdah al-Mauḍū‘iyyah model. Therefore, this commentary is more appropriately categorized into al-Tafsīr al-Muṣhafī bi al-Waḥdah al-Mauḍū’iyyah. It has three systematic explanation in each surah including Khulāṣah Hady al-Sūrah, Tartīl al-Ma’āni, and Umūm al-ma’āni. Al-Turābī's ability to unite various related elements in his commentary is not only between verses or surahs but also between human life and all its activities with the universe in a bond of al-Qur'an guidance which is core to monotheism. This is the advantage it has and is a new method in commentary literacy in Sudan. In fact, the method of al-Tafsīr al-Tauḥīdī generally becomes a framework for the whole civilization project of al-Turābī. However, there are some critics towards his commentary regarding rationality and rejection of several authentic hadiths which seem to leave riwāyah in the commentary of the Qur’an.

Elaiophylin Is a Potent Hsp90/ Cdc37 Protein Interface Inhibitor with K-Ras Nanocluster Selectivity

The natural product elaiophylin is a macrodiolide with a broad range of biological activities. However, no direct target of elaiophylin in eukaryotes has been described so far, which hinders a systematic explanation of its astonishing activity range. We recently showed that the related conglobatin A, a protein–protein interface inhibitor of the interaction between the N-terminus of Hsp90 and its cochaperone Cdc37, blocks cancer stem cell properties by selectively inhibiting K-Ras4B but not H-Ras. Here, we elaborated that elaiophylin likewise disrupts the Hsp90/ Cdc37 interaction, without affecting the ATP-pocket of Hsp90. Similarly to conglobatin A, elaiophylin decreased expression levels of the Hsp90 client HIF1α, a transcription factor with various downstream targets, including galectin-3. Galectin-3 is a nanocluster scaffold of K-Ras, which explains the K-Ras selectivity of Hsp90 inhibitors. In agreement with this K-Ras targeting and the potent effect on other Hsp90 clients, we observed with elaiophylin treatment a submicromolar IC50 for MDA-MB-231 and MIA-PaCa-2 3D spheroid formation. Finally, a strong inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells grown in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) microtumor model was determined. These results suggest that several other macrodiolides may have the Hsp90/ Cdc37 interface as a target site.

Political Mobilization in the Laboratory: The Role of Norms and Communication

Many field experiments have shown that political mobilization increases voter turnout, with personalized strategies considerably outperforming widely administered ones. Despite the abundant evidence, there is no systematic explanation of what drives citizens’ response to mobilization. In this paper, I propose and experimentally test in the laboratory a theoretical framework that investigates the psychological mechanisms underlying mobilization in both partisan and non-partisan settings. I conjecture that material mobilization efforts should increase participation because of reciprocity concerns. The transmission of normative appeals through interpersonal communication should have a similar effect by making a group norm salient. The results from two experiments show that the combination of a mobilization effort with a normative appeal leads to a significant and substantial increase in participation in both settings. Using content analysis, I show that this interaction effect is due to the way normative appeals are perceived when the sender is in charge of mobilization.

CAD/CAM system implementation criteria in the process generating of optimal and efficient models for clothing industry

The first part of the paper is a systematic explanation of the process of defining the most important parameters for generating optimal and efficient models of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) of the clothing industry, with the presentation of specific and adequate methods of research, i.e. with the evaluation of data for designing new models, and including previous research data. The following is an explanation of the final phase, i.e. a systematic and objective design assessment, through the implementation of preliminary results of exploitation studies of the modal experiment and computer simulation of the new model, based on which the criteria for efficient and optimal implementation of the CAD/CAM systems are defined.

Strategi Kebijakan Pengembangan Sagu Berbasis Sentra Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM)

Based on estate statistics collected by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, that in 2017 the total area of plantations producing Sago Islands Regency reaches 91,944 hectares and plant production of 418,802 tons. The number increased from 2 years earlier, namely in 2015 sago plant area was 83,691 ha with a production yield of 366,032 tons and in 2016 sago plant area was 89,611 ha with a production yield of 377,914. This study tries to trace the direction of the sago-based policy development Center for Small and Medium Industries in the Meranti Islands District. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach which is research that focuses on the concepts that arise from the data. The results of the analysis and interpretation of data in the form of exposure to the situation under study and then given a narrative and systematic explanation. The results showed that policies in order to encourage the development of sago-based Small and Medium Industrial Centers in the Regency of Meranti Islands including carried out with scenarios of structuring the location of activities, land use plans, efforts to map the transportation network system plans, telecommunications, electricity and clean water.

Marrying Wright's Law to Thermodynamics for a Relative Final Cost-predicting Model of Carbon-fuel Substitution

The problem of assessing the relative final cost of energy technology substitution is approached by means of a general interpretation of Wright's law and the introduction of the concept of thermodynamic utility which derives from energy carrier specific energy. Via the Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality the ideal relative final cost of C-fuel substitution (diesel/gasoline) is estimated at three different probabilities (50 %, 87.5 % and 96 %) for compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, metal hydrides and Li-ion technology. C-fuel substitution at cost parity is an event clearly below the 50 % probability horizon of insight, 96 % values range between 1.8 (Li-ion) and 4.3 (LH2/350 bar) times the cost of C-fuel technology. The results are evinced in a cost/price comparison between the Toyota Mirai, Tesla 3 and Skoda Superb and found to reflect reality properly (see ESI). The approach also offers a systematic explanation for previously as-is reported findings of parameter studies from literature. The issue of mitigating the cost discrepancy is briefly discussed, too. <br>

Marrying Wright's Law to Thermodynamics for a Relative Final Cost-predicting Model of Carbon-fuel Substitution

The problem of assessing the relative final cost of energy technology substitution is approached by means of a general interpretation of Wright's law and the introduction of the concept of thermodynamic utility which derives from energy carrier specific energy. Via the Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality the ideal relative final cost of C-fuel substitution (diesel/gasoline) is estimated at three different probabilities (50 %, 87.5 % and 96 %) for compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, metal hydrides and Li-ion technology. C-fuel substitution at cost parity is an event clearly below the 50 % probability horizon of insight, 96 % values range between 1.8 (Li-ion) and 4.3 (LH2/350 bar) times the cost of C-fuel technology. The results are evinced in a cost/price comparison between the Toyota Mirai, Tesla 3 and Skoda Superb and found to reflect reality properly (see ESI). The approach also offers a systematic explanation for previously as-is reported findings of parameter studies from literature. The issue of mitigating the cost discrepancy is briefly discussed, too. <br>

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

Pride and Prejudiced

The reclamation of slurs raises a host of important questions. Some are linguistic: What are the linguistic conventions governing the slur post-reclamation and how are they related to the conventions governing it pre-reclamation? What mechanisms engender the shift? Others bend toward the social: Why do a slur’s targets have a special privilege in initiating its reclamation? Is there a systematic explanation why prohibitions on out-group use of reclaimed slurs vary from slur to slur? And how does reclamation contribute to shaping social identities and reversing oppressive social norms and stigma? Most analyses of slur reclamation advance a single model to answer these questions. The author argues that there are different varieties of reclamation. Two predominate, what she calls pride reclamation and insular reclamation. While many features unite pride and insular reclamation, they differ with respect to the purpose of the reclamatory act, the linguistic mechanisms reclaimers employ to execute the linguistic change, and the social and grammatical roles of the reclaimed slur. By distinguishing these two types of reclamation and offering a fine-grained characterization of their properties, the author argues that we gain deeper insight into the reasons why slurs may in principle only be ignited by the target group and why pride- but not insular-reclaimed slurs become available for use by out-group members.