Technology Traps

2012 ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Crabb ◽  
Steven E. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
End Users ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Harmful Effects

Technologies can have harmful effects on users’ psychological health, on society, and on the environment. “Technology traps” arise when users and societies become stuck with technologies and the harmful consequences produced by these technologies. In this paper, the authors describe five technology traps: incompetence, self-miscontrol, misbehavior, techno-centrism, and environmental degradation. The authors then examine the share of ethical responsibility for these traps among end-users, businesses, and government.

Technology Traps Who Is Responsible?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Crabb ◽  
Steven E. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
End Users ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Harmful Effects

Technologies can have harmful effects on users’ psychological health, on society, and on the environment. “Technology traps” arise when users and societies become stuck with technologies and the harmful consequences produced by these technologies. In this paper, the authors describe five technology traps: incompetence, self-miscontrol, misbehavior, techno-centrism, and environmental degradation. The authors then examine the share of ethical responsibility for these traps among end-users, businesses, and government.

scholarly journals Spotlight on the fetus: how physical activity during pregnancy influences fetal health: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000658
Author(s):  
Ilena Bauer ◽  
Julia Hartkopf ◽  
Stephanie Kullmann ◽  
Franziska Schleger ◽  
Manfred Hallschmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Unfavourable Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects

Before and during pregnancy, women often aim to improve their lifestyle so as to provide a healthier environment for their developing child. It remains unresolved, however, as to whether physical activity (PA) during pregnancy poses a possible risk or whether it might even have beneficial effects on the developing child. There is increasing evidence that PA during pregnancy is indeed beneficial to maternal physiological and psychological health and that it is generally not detrimental to the fetal cardiovascular system and neuronal function in the developing child. This also led to international recommendations for PAs during pregnancy. In the current review, we aimed to comprehensively assess the evidence of beneficial and harmful effects of maternal PA, including high-performance sports, on fetal development. The different mental and body-based relaxation techniques presented here are frequently performed during pregnancy. We found a considerable number of studies addressing these issues. In general, neither low key, moderate maternal PA nor relaxation techniques were observed to have a harmful effect on the developing child. However, we identified some forms of PA which could have at least a transient unfavourable effect. Notably, the literature currently available does not provide enough evidence to enable us to make a general conclusive statement on this subject. This is due to the lack of longitudinal studies on the metabolic and cognitive effects of regular PA during pregnancy and the wide diversity of methods used. In particular, the kind of PA investigated in each study differed from study to study.

Postwar Marriage and Divorce

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-122
Author(s):  
Mie Nakachi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Divorce Law ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
New Class ◽  
Party Activists ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Legal Marriage

Given the skewed sex ratio, the 1944 Family Law created a gendered situation where marriage had practical disadvantages for men and advantages for women. Men might try to divorce prewar “wives” in order to formalize new “marriages” made during the war, but many would try to avoid marriage because of the increased cost of divorce. Women, in contrast, wanted legal marriage for a variety of reasons. Because of the strict divorce law and men’s unwillingness to legalize marriage, women’s wishes often went unrealized. Not only did the “new class” of unmarried mothers with fatherless children voice their sense of injustice, but wives in legal marriage also complained bitterly about husbands’ affairs with younger women and unpaid child support. Legal specialists and women party activists asked for amendments to the 1944 Family Law, emphasizing the harmful effects of the law on the physical and psychological health of out-of-wedlock children, but discovered that the party leadership preferred to pursue its pronatalist experiment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Effects of N95 Respirators and Surgical Masks to Physiological and Psychological Health among Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13308
Author(s):  
Che-Yu Su ◽  
Chiung-Yu Peng ◽  
Hsin-Liang Liu ◽  
I-Jeng Yeh ◽  
Chi-Wei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Mask Type ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Harmful Effects

Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, wearing facemasks has become more important for healthcare workers. This study aimed to investigate and compare the influence of wearing N95 respirators and surgical masks for 8 h on physiological and psychological health. Sixty-eight healthcare workers were randomly assigned to the N95 respirator or surgical mask groups. Physiological parameters of participants were measured by Tensor Tip MTX at baseline and at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th h of wearing the facemasks. The symptoms after wearing facemasks were also determined via the questionnaire. There were no significant changes in physiological parameters at most time checkpoints in both groups. Significant differences were observed in terms of heart rate at the 8th h, time trends (adjusted difference of least squares means were −8.53 and −2.01), and interaction of time and mask type between the two groups (p-value for interaction was 0.0146). The values of these physiological parameters were within normal ranges. The N95 respirator group had significantly higher incidences of shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, difficulty talking and fatigue that spontaneously resolved. In conclusion, healthcare workers who wore either N95 respirators or surgical masks during an 8 h shift had no obvious harmful effects on physiological and psychological health. Additionally, the N95 respirator group did not show a higher risk than the surgical mask group.

scholarly journals Use of Internet among Rural Teenagers: Pattern of Usages, Awareness and Associated Health Hazards

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jobayer ◽  
Rabeya Sultana ◽  
Sk Serjina Anwar ◽  
Zeenat Afroz ◽  
Nadira Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Moderate User ◽  
Harmful Effects

Internet has become an essential tool for communication, information, and entertainment and use of internet is increasing among the teenage group. This cross sectional study was conducted among 385 teenagers from rural area of Narayanganj district in Bangladesh to evaluate the practice of internet use, their awareness about the beneficial and harmful effects and associated physical and psychological health hazards. The study reached its various findings from the view point of rural area of our country. The study population was chosen purposively; data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire regarding their knowledge and various practice of internet use relating to the objectives. Most of the respondents were students and came from lower middle class family. Majority of the study people recently started to use internet and they were mostly light or moderate user in terms of time spending. Mobile phone was used as device by 84.7% people for their internet browsing. Teenagers used internet mainly for entertainment (42.1%) and social networking (35.6%) purpose and not much for learning or education. They were aware about the beneficial and the harmful effects of internet use especially abuses. Commonly experienced physical health hazards by them were headache (11.7%), straining of eyes or blurring of vision (10.7%) and skipping meals or change in eating behavior (9.1%), and among the psychological hazards, restlessness or agitation (8%) and depression (5.2%) were stated. It may be concluded that use of internet among teenagers of rural area of our country is at modest level associated with a few health hazards but the merits of internet based networking is yet to be revealed by them. Bangladesh Med J. 2017 Sep; 46 (3): 69-73

scholarly journals Brain–Machine Interfaces as Commodities: Exchanging Mind for Matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
End Users ◽  
Brain Machine Interfaces ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Human Neurons ◽  
Catholic Healthcare ◽  
Spiritual Well Being

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs), which enable a two-way flow of signals, information, and directions between human neurons and computerized machines, offer spectacular opportunities for therapeutic and consumer applications, but they also present unique dangers to the safety, privacy, psychological health, and spiritual well-being of their users. The sale of these devices as commodities for profit exacerbates such issues and may subject the user to an unequal exchange with corporations. Catholic healthcare professionals and bioethicists should be especially concerned about the implications for the essential dignity of the persons using the new BMIs. Summary: The commercial sale of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) generates and exacerbates problems for end-users' safety, psychological health, and spiritual well-being.

“Alternatives to Drugs” as a Part of Comprehensive Efforts to Ameliorate the Drug Abuse Problem

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula D. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Abuse Prevention ◽  
Drug Abuse Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Harmful Effects

The author discusses the trend in drug abuse prevention efforts toward promoting alternatives to drug-taking behavior. The alternatives approach is an integral part of comprehensive efforts to deal with the problem. The approaches which are most worthy of attention promote social and psychological health while responding to the wide range of unmet needs and unfulfilled aspirations which underlie drug-taking behavior. Certain current approaches have either negligible or questionable effects or decidedly harmful effects on psychological and social well being and their continued support would be both unwise and impolitic. The author suggests that the same kind of orientation toward psychological and social health which characterizes the most effective and promising alternatives should be reflected in all efforts to intervene at every stage of the drug-taking cycle if such efforts are to have lasting and beneficial results.

Assessment of Cognitive-Communicative Disorders of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Sustained in Combat

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Parrish ◽  
Carole Roth ◽  
Brooke Roberts ◽  
Gail Davie
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Communication Deficits

Abstract Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is recognized as the signature injury of the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet there remains limited understanding of the persisting cognitive deficits of mTBI sustained in combat. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have traditionally been responsible for evaluating and treating the cognitive-communication disorders following severe brain injuries. The evaluation instruments historically used are insensitive to the subtle deficits found in individuals with mTBI. Objectives: Based on the limited literature and clinical evidence describing traditional and current tests for measuring cognitive-communication deficits (CCD) of TBI, the strengths and weaknesses of the instruments are discussed relative to their use with mTBI. It is necessary to understand the nature and severity of CCD associated with mTBI for treatment planning and goal setting. Yet, the complexity of mTBI sustained in combat, which often co-occurs with PTSD and other psychological health and physiological issues, creates a clinical challenge for speech-language pathologists worldwide. The purpose of the paper is to explore methods for substantiating the nature and severity of CCD described by service members returning from combat. Methods: To better understand the nature of the functional cognitive-communication deficits described by service members returning from combat, a patient questionnaire and a test protocol were designed and administered to over 200 patients. Preliminary impressions are described addressing the nature of the deficits and the challenges faced in differentiating the etiologies of the CCD. Conclusions: Speech-language pathologists are challenged with evaluating, diagnosing, and treating the cognitive-communication deficits of mTBI resulting from combat-related injuries. Assessments that are sensitive to the functional deficits of mTBI are recommended. An interdisciplinary rehabilitation model is essential for differentially diagnosing the consequences of mTBI, PTSD, and other psychological and physical health concerns.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Revised Sense of Coherence Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Bachem ◽  
Andreas Maercker
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract. The present study introduces a revised Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, a new conceptualization and operationalization of the resilience indicator SOC. It outlines the scale development and aims for testing its reliability, factor structure, and validity. Literature on Antonovsky’s SOC (SOC-A) was critically reviewed to identify needs for improving the scale. The scale was investigated in two samples. Sample 1 consisted of 334 bereaved participants, Sample 2 of 157 healthy controls. The revised SOC Scale, SOC-A, and theoretically relevant questionnaires were applied. Explorative and confirmatory factor analyses established a three-factor structure in both samples. The revised SOC Scale showed significant but discriminative associations with related constructs, including self-efficacy, posttraumatic growth, and neuroticism. The revised measure was significantly associated with psychological health indicators, including persistent grief, depression, and anxiety, but not to the extent as the previous SOC-A. Stability over time was sufficient. The study provides psychometric support for the revised SOC conceptualization and scale. It has several advantages over the previous SOC-A scale (unique variance, distinct factor structure, stability). The scale could be used for clinical and health psychological testing or research into the growing field of studies on resilience over the life span.

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