Feedback-Related Negativity and its Clinical Implications

2013 ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Shuhei Yamaguchi ◽  
Keiichi Onoda ◽  
Satoshi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
Psychological Disposition

Appropriate processing of feedback information is critical for human executive functions that guide goal-oriented behavior. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) measurements are feedback signals that are recorded through the scalp and convey unpredicted bad/negative information. This study attempts to characterize FRN in the context of individual psychological disposition, specifically impulsivity. The results show that non-planning individuals produce smaller FRN signals than planning individuals when performing both monetary (experiment 1) and non-monetary (experiment 2) gambling tasks, suggesting that impulsive individuals are prone to make risky choices and to show less evaluation processing and lower negative feedback. Furthermore, the clinical utility of FRN measurements was examined with regard to assessing frontal lobe functions in patients with brain lesions. Reductions in FRN amplitudes in response to go-nogo tasks were associated with impaired inhibition responses. These findings suggest that FRN measurements are useful for electrophysiological assessments of patients with impaired inhibitory control.

Beyond the Homunculus: The Executive Brain: Frontal Lobe and the Civilized Mind, by Elkhonon Goldberg. 2001. New York: Oxford University Press. 251 pp., $29.95 (HB).

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
William B. Barr
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Good News ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
The Brain

There is an old saying that one of mankind's biggest challenge will be to fully understand the functioning of the human brain. Some point out the ultimate irony of needing to utilize all 1400 grams of this organ to understand itself. When confronted with the riddle of frontal lobe functions, this argument can be extended further: the part of the brain that is considered to be most responsible for the highest forms of mental activity is likely to be pushed to its own limits in an effort to understand its own functions. While this might seem like an endless loop to some, the good news is that our field has been making serious advances in understanding the executive functions, those abilities we commonly attribute to the frontal lobes. Many of these successes are presented in a clear and engaging manner in this monograph.

scholarly journals Impaired decision making and feedback evaluation in borderline personality disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1917-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schuermann ◽  
N. Kathmann ◽  
C. Stiglmayr ◽  
B. Renneberg ◽  
T. Endrass
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Feedback Evaluation

BackgroundIncreased impulsivity is considered to be a core characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and has been shown to play a significant role in decision making and planning. Neuropsychological studies in BPD revealed impairments of executive functions, and it is assumed that these deficits are related to altered feedback processing. However, research on executive functions in BPD is still limited and the underlying deficits remain an open question. The present study, therefore, explored whether decision-making deficits are related to altered feedback evaluation in BPD.MethodA total of 18 BPD patients and 18 matched healthy controls underwent a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task while an electroencephalogram was recorded. Feedback processing was examined by measuring the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the P300 as electrophysiological correlates of feedback evaluation.ResultsBehavioural results revealed that BPD patients, relative to controls, made more risky choices and did not improve their performance. With regard to the FRN, amplitudes in BPD patients did not discriminate between positive and negative feedback information. Further, BPD patients showed reduced FRN amplitudes, which were associated with enhanced impulsivity and enhanced risk taking. In contrast, the P300 amplitudes following negative feedback were increased in BPD patients, relative to controls.ConclusionsThis study indicates that BPD patients are impaired in decision making, which might be related to a dysfunctional use of feedback information. Specifically, BPD patients did not learn to avoid disadvantageous selections, even though they attended to negative consequences.

Frontal lobe functions and psychopathology during acute schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Jörg Püschel ◽  
Barbara Hauser ◽  
Markus Rentsch ◽  
Hans H. Stassen ◽  
Sohee Park
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions

Emotion Regulation and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Blossom Fernandes ◽  
Roseann Tan-Mansukhani ◽  
Cecilia A. Essau
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 6 describes emotion dysregulation features which are associated with children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In ADHD adaptive emotion regulation processes are impaired; this negatively impacts the individual’s ability to flexibly select, attend, and appraise emotionally evocative stimuli. This is identified as emotion dysregulation, which occurs when individuals fail to alter emotional states that affect behaviours necessary for achieving one’s goals. This review also examines the relationship between executive functions and emotion dysregulation in ADHD. Successful modulation of emotion occurs as a result of intact executive functions; however, ADHD is characterized by poor executive functions as a result of deficits in the prefrontal cortical networks. Along with describing neural mechanisms associated with ADHD, this review also focuses on the development of emotion dysregulation, clinical implications and current interventions.

scholarly journals Inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms: a population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gemma Lewis ◽  
Katherine S. Button ◽  
Rebecca M. Pearson ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
Glyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background Large population-based cohort studies of neuropsychological factors that characterise or precede depressive symptoms are rare. Most studies use small case-control or cross-sectional designs, which may cause selection bias and cannot test temporality. In a large UK population-based cohort, we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods Cohort study of 2328 UK adolescents who completed an affective go/no-go task at age 18. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R) and short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (sMFQ) at age 18, and with the sMFQ 1 year later (age 19). Analyses were multilevel and traditional linear regressions, before and after adjusting for confounders. Results Cross-sectionally, we found little evidence that adolescents with more depressive symptoms made more inhibitory control errors [after adjustments, errors increased by 0.04% per 1 s.d. increase in sMFQ score (95% confidence interval 0.02–0.06)], but this association was not observed for the CIS-R. There was no evidence for an influence of valence. Longitudinally, there was no evidence that reduced inhibitory control was associated with future depressive symptoms. Conclusions Inhibitory control of positive and negative information does not appear to be a marker of current or future depressive symptoms in adolescents and would not be a useful target in interventions to prevent adolescent depression. Our lack of convincing evidence for associations with depressive symptoms suggests that the affective go/no-go task is not a promising candidate for future neuroimaging studies of adolescent depression.

scholarly journals Coexistence of Temporo-Occipital Polymicrogyria with Choroidal Fissure Cyst in a Case of Focal Onset Seizures

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
M. Kiran ◽  
A. Karthik ◽  
L. V. Lekshmi ◽  
K. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Neuronal Migration Disorders ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cysts

AbstractFocal-onset seizures can be caused by underlying brain lesions including focal lesions such as granulomas, low-grade neoplasms, vascular lesions, or neuronal migration disorders. Polymicrogyria is a congenital abnormality of cortical formation occurring during embryonic life. Choroidal fissure cysts are either arachnoid or neuroepithelial cysts arising at the choroidal fissure, and mostly they are incidental findings having no significant clinical implications. Coexistence of both of these can lead to dilemma in the management decisions. We present a case of focal-onset seizures with an unreported coexistence of polymicrogyria with choroidal fissure cyst.

scholarly journals Preserving executive functions in nondominant frontal lobe glioma surgery: an intraoperative tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Puglisi ◽  
Tommaso Sciortino ◽  
Marco Rossi ◽  
Antonella Leonetti ◽  
Luca Fornia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Functional Integrity ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEThe goal of surgery for gliomas is maximal tumor removal while preserving the patient’s full functional integrity. At present during frontal tumor removal, this goal is mostly achieved, although the risk of impairing the executive functions (EFs), and thus the quality of life, remains significant. The authors investigated the accuracy of an intraoperative version of the Stroop task (iST), adapted for intraoperative mapping, to detect EF-related brain sites by evaluating the impact of the iST brain mapping on preserving functional integrity following a maximal tumor resection.METHODSForty-five patients with nondominant frontal gliomas underwent awake surgery; brain mapping was used to establish the functional boundaries for the resection. In 18 patients language, praxis, and motor functions, but not EFs (control group), were mapped intraoperatively at the cortical-subcortical level. In 27 patients, in addition to language, praxis, and motor functions, EFs were mapped with the iST at the cortical-subcortical level (Stroop group). In both groups the EF performance was evaluated preoperatively, at 7 days and 3 months after surgery.RESULTSThe iST was successfully administered in all patients. Consistent interferences, such as color-word inversion/latency, were obtained by stimulating precise white matter sites below the inferior and middle frontal gyri, anterior to the insula and over the putamen, and these were used to establish the posterior functional limit of the resection. Procedures implemented with iST dramatically reduced the EF deficits at 3 months. The EOR was similar in Stroop and control groups.CONCLUSIONSBrain mapping with the iST allows identification and preservation of the frontal lobe structures involved in inhibition of automatic responses, reducing the incidence of postoperative EF deficits and enhancing the further posterior and inferior margin of tumor resection.

scholarly journals Evaluating Executive Functions in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Using Frontal Assessment Battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam ◽  
Masoud Doost Hoseini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khaleghi ◽  
Abbas Tafakhori ◽  
Mahsa Dolatshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Frontal Assessment Battery ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Mental Flexibility ◽  
History Of Epilepsy

Objective. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the executive profile of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) as a bedside screening tool and investigate its association with seizure proximity, family history of epilepsy, and polytherapy/monotherapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Background. JME patients have deficits in various aspects of executive functions. FAB has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating executive functions in clinical settings. Methods. Thirty-one JME patients and 110 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The participants were assessed using six subsets of FAB, including conceptualization, mental flexibility, motor programming, sensitivity to interference, inhibitory control, and environmental autonomy. Results. Compared to HCs, JME patients showed lower scores in conceptualization, mental flexibility, programming, sensitivity to interference, and total FAB. The number of AEDs (polytherapy versus monotherapy) and duration of time since the last seizure had no significant effect on FAB scores in JME patients. We found significant associations between disease duration and conceptualization, mental flexibility, inhibitory control, and total FAB score only in JME patients with recent seizure. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.971 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.947–0.994) for FAB total score, 0.933 for conceptualization (95% CI: 0.973-894), and 0.836 for mental flexibility (95% CI: 0.921-751). Conclusions. In summary, JME patients had deficits in different aspects of executive functions. FAB is a useful clinical tool for evaluation of executive functions in JME patients.

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