The Management of Basic Production Functions

2012 ◽  
pp. 110-175
Author(s):  
I. C. Dima ◽  
Vladimir Modrák
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Calculation Technique ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
Electronic Calculation ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Industrial Company

The production achieved in any industrial company is generically called basic production that needs an appropriate management that is different for every type of mass, serial, or individual production. Every type of production is based on a set of mathematical restrictions that quantitatively and qualitatively quantify that type of production. The fundamentals of the management of any basic production refers to: the production cycle that has a certain structure, and the total duration, the size of which considers both the way that product is made and the graph of moving the benchmarks from one operation to another; the manufacturing batch and, respectively, the optimal manufacturing batch, meaning the time elapsed between the release into production of two consecutive batches. A special case is the production achieved on a single object and multiple object flow manufacturing lines variably and constantly, continuously and discontinuously, etc. Every flow manufacturing line has a certain cadence, a certain tact, generates certain costs, and has certain characteristics. In the case of control production, it can be organised by taking into account the product position or the nature of the manufacturing process. Every type of production generates costs that are different in terms of the structure and calculation, and the use of the electronic calculation technique is imperatively necessary.

Management of Serving Activity

2012 ◽  
pp. 198-220
Author(s):  
I. C. Dima ◽  
D. M. Nowicka-Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Activity Management ◽  
Transportation Process ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
Industrial Company

Besides the basic and auxiliary production of any industrial company, there is also a servicing production achieved after the activity to store and respectively to transport. The storage must provide the material resources needed by the basic production. The necessary material resources are stored in various constructive types of warehouses taking into account the structure and nature of the stored materials. The storage activity management uses an indicator system, the calculation method of which takes into account the warehouse size and the volume of materials that are stored and how long they will stay in the warehouse. Regardless of whether they are within companies, between the production departments or between the working stations, transports very much condition the basic production efficiency. Internal transports are based on a series of principles and are performed in various ways. Every transportation system has a certain structure, a certain cost, and a certain duration of the transportation process. When making an industrial company’s internal transportation efficient, the rationalisation of transportation has a very significant influence.

scholarly journals ОЦЕНКА МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ  БЫЧКОВ КАЛМЫЦКОЙ И СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОД ПРИ РАЗНЫХ ЦИКЛАХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
M. Shakhmurzov ◽  
A. Shevkhuzhev ◽  
O. Getokov ◽  
I. Shakhtamirov
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Full Production ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group

Цель исследования выбор наиболее доступных и экономически оправданных технологических вариантов при разных циклах производства, сравнительная оценка мясной продуктивности и эффективность выращивания и откорма бычков калмыцкой и симментальской пород при разных циклах (в возрасте 392, 542 и 630 дней) производства в условиях промышленного комплекса. Для достижения указанной цели на комплексе ООО фирма Хаммер сформировали две группы бычков калмыцкой и симментальской породы по 30 голов в каждой. Подопытных животных откармливали по принятой технологии, в течение полного производственного цикла длительностью 392 дня, который делился на 2 периода. Затем всех подопытных бычков поставили на среднеинтенсивное выращивание продолжительностью 150 дней. Далее следовал интенсивный заключительный откорм продолжительностью 88 дней. Общая продолжительность технологического цикла составила 21 месяц (630 дней). Контрольный убой пяти голов из каждой опытной группы проводили в возрасте 13, 18 и 21 месяца по достижению живой массы 330380 450560 и 490640 кг соответственно. Для изучения мясной продуктивности и морфологического состава туш пользовались общепринятыми зоотехническими методами исследования. Результаты исследований показали, что молодняк симментальской породы обладает хорошим потенциалом мясной продуктивности, что позволяет в условиях комплекса эффективно откармливать бычков до живой массы 643 кг в возрасте 21 месяц и получать высококачественные туши массой 328,1 кг. Бычков калмыцкой породы в условиях промышленного комплекса эффективнее откармливать до 18тимесячного возраста. Характерными признаками мясной продуктивности симментальских бычков являются достаточно высокая убойная масса и выход мяса.The purpose of the study the choice of the most affordable and costeffective technological options for different production cycles, a comparative assessment of meat productivity and efficiency of growing and fattening calves and Simmental rocks at different cycles (aged 392 542 and 630 days) production in the industrial complex. To achieve this goal in the complex of OOO firma hammer formed two groups of calves at 30 goals each. Experimental animals were fed according to the adopted technology, during the full production cycle, lasting 392 days, which is divided into 2 periods. Then all the experimental bulls were put on mediumintensive cultivation lasting 150 days. This was followed by an intensive final fattening lasting 88 days. The total duration of the technological cycle was 21 months (630 days). Control slaughter of five heads from each experimental group was carried out at the age of 13, 18 and 21 months after reaching the live weight of 330380 450560 and 490640 kg, respectively. To study the meat productivity and morphological composition of carcasses used generally accepted methods of zootechnical research. The results of the research showed that young animals Simmental breed has good potential meat productivity, which allows in conditions of complex to effectively feed calves to a live weight 643 kg at the age of 21 months and to obtain a high quality carcass weight kg. 328,1 Bulls Kalmyk breed in the conditions of industrial complex more efficient to fatten up to 18 months of age. Characteristic features of meat productivity Simmental bulls are sufficiently high slaughter weight and meat yield.

Auxiliary Production Management

2012 ◽  
pp. 176-197
Author(s):  
I. C. Dima
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Repair Activity ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
Industrial Company ◽  
Repair Cycle

Besides the basic production achieved in any company, there is also an auxiliary production influencing the smooth performance of the basic production process. Thus, an efficient basic production is inconceivable without equipping the machines and plants with SDVs (Verifying Devices Tools), without needing the reorganisation and modernisation of machines and plants, the timely maintenance and repair of working machines and plants, etc. The repair activity is based on the repair cycle structure—technical overhauls, current repairs, overall repairs—the selected method for performing the repairs—as needed, by firm planning, after controlling the state of the machines, preventively-planned, etc.—how to perform the repairs—centralised, decentralised, mixed—etc. The modernisation and reorganisation of the machines applies the method of single indicators, the method of the indicators systems, the method of comparing costs in time and space, etc. The production of SDVs is based on their structure and classification and implies both the activity to design them based on some appropriate methods and the way to locate and structure the departments or divisions that produce SDVs. The energetic department—thermal power, electrical power, compressed air—plays a very important role in any industrial company and refers to the manufacture and use of power.

scholarly journals MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF KALMYK BREED BREEDS AT DIFFERENT DURATION OF THE PRODUCTION CYCLE AND LEVEL OF CONCENTRATES IN THE DIET

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
R.A. Ulimbasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of bulls control slaughter, morphological and varietal composition of the pulp of carcasses, depending on the duration of the production cycle and the level of concentrates in the diet. In the gobies of the control group, the total duration of the production cycle was 18 months (546 days), with a specific gravity of concentrates in the rations of 40 % in the experimental group – 16 months (482 days) – 50 %. The suckling period of calves in the control group was 210 days, in the experimental group – 182 days, rearing – 186 and 165 days, respectively, intensive final fattening – 150 and 135 days. The differences obtained both in the pre-slaughter live weight and in the weight of the paired carcass were 1,9 and 3,4 kg, respectively, without a significant difference between the groups. The superiority of bulls of the experimental group over the control group was established according to the leading studied indicators of the morphological composition of carcasses, except the mass of bones, cartilage, and tendons. Differences in the mass of the pulp in favor of the calves of the experimental group were 5,1 kg, the coefficient of meat content was 0,21 units, the ratio of the edible part to the inedible part in the carcass was 0,26 units. All other things being equal, from the bulls of the experimental group, a higher mass of pulp of the highest grade was obtained by 4,9 kg or 2,2 %, of the first grade – by 6,4 kg or 1,8 %. The yield of secondgrade pulp was higher in the carcasses of gobies of the control group by an average of 6,2 kg or 4 %. Thus, both groups of bulls showed high slaughter weight and slaughter yield, with insignificant intergroup differences. However, due to the shorter duration of the production cycle of growing and fattening, it turned out to be preferable to use beef production technology from bull calves of the experimental group.

Scheduling the Production Obtained by Means of Production Processes Organised in Variable Flow

2012 ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
I. C. Dima
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Production Schedule ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Discontinuous Flow ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Production Processes

The production processes are analysed, where multiple products are made in continuous or discontinuous flow, and their movement between two successive workplaces are performed in batches. It is a matter of homogenous groups of products and analogous groups of products that have the same order in terms of passing by the various workplaces, but it is not mandatory for these products to go by all workplaces. The processing times by operations of various products are not the same. Taking into account the synchronisation level, the flow production lines of the benchmarks can be in continuous flow or discontinuous flow, which requires or does not require an adjustment of the flow production line. It is necessary to know the order of assembling and delivering the finished products and the labour volume related to adjusting the machines to achieve a high level of loading the machines and equipment on the flow manufacturing line. The sizes, gauge, and volume of the parts that are processed on the flow production line must be known. It is necessary to elaborate the production schedule of the variable flow line that will take into account the nature of the products that are to be manufactured, the time needed to process each product at a workplace, the total product processing time achieved on that flow manufacturing line. For this, the level of loading every workplace and flow manufacturing line, the demand of performers stated in man/hour, time to occupy a job, and the manufacturing line, etc. will all be calculated. Should the production be achieved by production processes where a single operation is performed for similar products, but of different sizes or quality, the production schedule for this type of production shall correlate the production thusly achieved with the production capacity for a complete production cycle. Determining the frequency of releases of products into manufacturing is based on the criterion of production expenses totaled for all products that are made by processing in that operation.

scholarly journals CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO IN UKRAINE’S MACHINE BUILDING: REALITY AND OPTIMALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (8) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr YANKOVYI ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr YANKOVYI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Labor Ratio ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
Optimal Capital

The article examines the situation of appearance of a non-optimal capital-labor ratio on the basis of a comparison of the relative speed of the dynamics of indicators of labor productivity, capital productivity and capital-labor ratio in machine building industry of Ukraine in recent years. Mathematical determination of the optimal capital-labor ratio is substantiated on the basis of production functions taking into account dynamics of the most important indicators of economic activity, presented in value terms. Methodological and applied aspects of the use of the equimarginal principle from microeconomics are discussed to determine the optimal capital-labor ratio within the limits of substitutional production functions. It is proved that at the point of optimal capital-labor ratio, the marginal rate of replacement of production factors’ substitution is equal to one. The resulting conclusion is used as a basis for development of a procedure for finding optimum capital-labor ratio using econometric models, which adequately describe the relationship of time series of product sales, basic productive assets and labor costs based on substitutional production functions. The use of the proposed procedure for determining the optimal capital-labor ratio is carried out on the example of the Cobb-Douglas-Tinbergen production function, the dynamised CES-function and the linear function. The methodological recommendations on calculation of unknown parameters are presented for these functions, as well as the formulas of optimal capital-labor ratio with indicated extreme values of products sold and the total costs for basic production assets and labor payment. The obtained theoretical results are tested according to the data of Ukraine’s machine building. The hypothesis about non-optimal capital-labor ratio in 2007-2015 is confirmed in terms of volumes of sales of the industry production. It turns out that for the analyzed period of time, the basic production assets of machine building were relatively abundant compared with the payment of labor. In 2016-2017, a positive trend begins in dynamics of the capital-labor ratio in the industry to a certain reduction and a gradual approach to the optimal value.

scholarly journals Precocious Utilisation at Reproduction of Female Youth Sheep From Ţigaie Breed

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Constantin Pascal ◽  
Traian Stefan Atanasiu ◽  
Ionica Nechifor ◽  
Costica Cristian
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

Ovine rearing represents a domain being in a full development process in Romania. At the base of this tendency are the solicitation of local and external markets for basic production, respectively meat and milk. To record favourable economical results farmers wants to apply the most optimal technologies so, economical efficiency to reach a maximum level for each female which is part of the livestock (Pascal, 2015, Daraban  2006 ). One of those technologies refers also at precocious utilisation at reproduction of a female youth. So, the aim of effectuated research was represented by studying of possibilities for utilization at reproduction of female youth at an age still from the first year of life.Biologic material was represented by domestic ovine, from Ţigaie breed, reared in different farms situated in the North-East part of Romania. Experimental batches were formed by females with different ages, but all of them being utilized for the first time at mating. Respecting those demands were formed three batches differentially by age between them, which had, at the moment of utilization for reproduction, 9 months (L1), 18 months (L2) and 22 months (L3). Control batch was formed by adult females belonging to the same breed (LM). In the current research were tracked more aspects, the most important being the ones in which were analyzed the influence of sheep’ age on specific indexes of reproduction function, on the total duration of gestation and on further corporal development of youth females. The obtained data were statistically processed using ANOVA software, and for determination of differences and their signification were utilized Fisher and Tukey tests. The obtained results allow us to enlightened the fact that even, in case of batches formed by female youth, the mean values for studied parameters were very close to the ones specific to adult sheep, differences are significant in majority of situations for p >0.01.

Extreme self-sacrifice beyond fusion: Moral expansiveness and the special case of allyship

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crimston ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Relevant Dimension ◽  
Special Case

AbstractAs a general theory of extreme self-sacrifice, Whitehouse's article misses one relevant dimension: people's willingness to fight and die in support of entities not bound by biological markers or ancestral kinship (allyship). We discuss research on moral expansiveness, which highlights individuals’ capacity to self-sacrifice for targets that lie outside traditional in-group markers, including racial out-groups, animals, and the natural environment.

Determination of the phase structure of polymerblends by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Dr. G. Kaemof
Keyword(s):  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

A mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer (SAN) represents a very good example for the efficiency of electron microscopic investigations concerning the determination of optimum production procedures for high grade product properties.The following parameters have been varied:components of charge (PC : SAN 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30), kind of compounding machine (single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, discontinuous kneader), mass-temperature (lowest and highest possible temperature).The transmission electron microscopic investigations (TEM) were carried out on ultra thin sections, the PC-phase of which was selectively etched by triethylamine.The phase transition (matrix to disperse phase) does not occur - as might be expected - at a PC to SAN ratio of 50 : 50, but at a ratio of 65 : 35. Our results show that the matrix is preferably formed by the components with the lower melting viscosity (in this special case SAN), even at concentrations of less than 50 %.

Test Validation Without Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Lacot ◽  
Mohammad H. Afzali ◽  
Stéphane Vautier
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Test Validation ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Power Of Test ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Social Uses ◽  
Special Case

Abstract. Test validation based on usual statistical analyses is paradoxical, as, from a falsificationist perspective, they do not test that test data are ordinal measurements, and, from the ethical perspective, they do not justify the use of test scores. This paper (i) proposes some basic definitions, where measurement is a special case of scientific explanation; starting from the examples of memory accuracy and suicidality as scored by two widely used clinical tests/questionnaires. Moreover, it shows (ii) how to elicit the logic of the observable test events underlying the test scores, and (iii) how the measurability of the target theoretical quantities – memory accuracy and suicidality – can and should be tested at the respondent scale as opposed to the scale of aggregates of respondents. (iv) Criterion-related validity is revisited to stress that invoking the explanative power of test data should draw attention on counterexamples instead of statistical summarization. (v) Finally, it is argued that the justification of the use of test scores in specific settings should be part of the test validation task, because, as tests specialists, psychologists are responsible for proposing their tests for social uses.

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