Large Scale Physical Disruptions in the Electronic Communication Sector

2013 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
David Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Communication Sector

While small-scale disruptions that affect the electronic communications sector are frequent, their impact is generally relatively low, and recovery can be extremely fast. However, large-scale disruptions that have a major impact on the electronic communications sector are relatively uncommon. It is as a consequence of these two facts that Communications Service Providers (CSPs) place the majority of their effort (where possible) into the planning for prevention of small-scale disruptions, and recovery from those that do occur.

Community Monitoring Improves Public Service Provision at Scale: Experimental Evidence from a Child Development Program in Nicaragua

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia López Boo ◽  
Jane Leer ◽  
Akito Kamei
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Monitoring ◽  
Quality Assurance Mechanism ◽  
Intent To Treat

Expanding small-scale interventions without lowering quality and attenuating impact is a critical policy challenge. Community monitoring overs a low-cost quality assurance mechanism by making service providers account-able to local citizens, rather than distant administrators. This paper provides experimental evidence from a home visit parenting program implemented at scale by the Nicaraguan government, with two types of monitoring: (a) institutional monitoring; and (b) community monitoring. We find d a positive intent-to-treat effect on child development, but only among groups randomly assigned to community monitoring. Our findings show promise for the use of community monitoring to ensure quality in large-scale government-run social programs.

scholarly journals A Study on Comparison of Network Location Efficiency of Web Application Firewall

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Cho ◽  
Sung-Uk Choi ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Web Security ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Web ◽  
Line Type

This paper proposes a method to optimize the performance of web application firewalls according to their positions in large scale networks. Since ports for web services are always open and vulnerable in security, the introduction of web application firewalls is essential. Methods to configure web application firewalls in existing networks are largely divided into two types. There is an in-line type where a web application firewall is located between the network and the web server to be protected. This is mostly used in small scale single networks and is vulnerable to the physical obstruction of web application firewalls. The port redirection type configured with the help of peripheral network equipment such as routers or L4 switches can maintain web services even when physical obstruction of the web application firewall occurs and is suitable for large scale networks where several web services are mixed. In this study, port redirection type web application firewalls were configured in large-scale networks and there was a problem in that the performance of routers was degraded due to the IP-based VLAN when a policy was set for the ports on the routers for web security. In order to solve this problem, only those agencies and enterprises that provide web services of networks were separated and in-line type web application firewalls were configured for them. Internet service providers (ISPs) or central line-concentration agencies can apply the foregoing to configure systems for web security for unit small enterprises or small scale agencies at low costs.  

scholarly journals Supply Chain and Delivery of Antimicrobial Drugs in Smallholder Livestock Production Systems in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Mainack Dione ◽  
Winfred Christine Amia ◽  
Francis Ejobi ◽  
Emily Awuor Ouma ◽  
Barbara Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Drug Supply Chain

This study assessed the veterinary drug supply chain in Uganda, the constraints faced by the actors, and how the challenges influence the use of antimicrobial (AMs) by livestock farmers. We carried out stakeholder consultation workshops, key informant interviews and a knowledge, practices, and awareness survey with actors of the veterinary drug supply chain. We also profiled drugs stored in 23 urban and peri-urban drug shops in Lira and Mukono districts to record the commonly sold drugs. The veterinary drug supply chain is made of several actors including wholesalers, retailers, Animal Health Service Providers (AHSP) and farmers. Nearly ninety per cent of drug retailers and veterinary practitioners did not receive specialized training in veterinary medicine, and most of veterinary practitioners have been in the drug business market for more than 10 years. Antibiotics and anti-helminthics were the most stocked drugs by retailers, with antibiotics ranking highest in terms of contribution to annual financial profits, accounting for 33%. The choice of a drug by veterinary practitioners was mainly informed by past success with efficacy of the drug, and financial capacity of the client (the farmer) to meet the treatment cost. Many veterinary practitioners were not conversant with veterinary drug policies of the country, with Mukono having a higher number (72%) compared to Lira (37%). Veterinary practitioners from Lira district compared to Mukono and those mainly serving small scale farmers relative to large scale smallholders were more knowledgeable about antibiotics and AMR. Several supply chain constraints were identified as potential drivers of misuse of antibiotics that could contribute to AMR. These included low level of education of supply chain actors, particularly drug retailers, poor handling of drugs at purchase and administration practices, low enforcement of policies and regulations, and lack of awareness of stakeholders about policies that regulate drug use. Thus, future interventions to reduce misuse of AM drugs in livestock production systems in Uganda such as capacity building, should also target veterinary input suppliers, and deliberately involve a strong policy advocacy component.

Kajian PLTS on–grid pada gedung X Politeknik Negeri Malang untuk melayani beban perkantoran menggunakan perangkat HOMER PRO

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Priya Surya ◽  
Mochammad Junus
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dapat diaplikasikan mulai skala kecil sampai skala besar, itu merupakan keunggulan teknologi ini. Dalam skala kecil, pemanfaatan energi surya dapat diaplikasikan di setiap atap rumah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik tiap konsumen residential / rumah tangga. Untuk kebutuhan ini, sistem PLTS dilakukan secara on – grid yaitu terhubung dengan jaringan yang sudah tersedia yaitu jaringan penyedia layanan listrik seperti PLN. Pada penelitian ini, objek penelitian adalah Gedung X pada Politeknik Negeri Malang, dimana kebutuhan bebannya sebesar 12,5 kW dan kebutuhan energi harian 64 kWh. Menggunakan aplikasi HOMER PRO didapatkan untuk sistem dengan skema PV, Baterai, Grid PLN, dan konverter, maka Skematik yang diusulkan pada sistem PLTS adalah menggunakan solar panel dengan total daya terpasang sebesar 11 kWp, dan ditambah dengan baterai sebesar 1500 Ah, konverter daya sebesar 6 kW , dan grid PLN tetap sebagai suplai utama. Untuk bisa mengurangi  tagihan listrik, dilakukanlah Renewable Fraction (RF) sebesar 58,5 %, sehingga didapatkan produksi harian untuk solar panel sebesar 45,6 kWh, yaitu sebesar 68 % kebutuhan harian dengan capacity factor sebesar 17,3 %. Solar panel yang digunakan merk ICASOLAR dengan kapasitas 250 Wp membutuhkan sebanyak 44 panel dengan total luasan yang diperlukan sebesar 57 m2 pada atap gedung. Secara ekonomis didapatkan bahwa Net Present Cost pada sistem ini adalah sebesar Rp. 183.000.000,- dan nilai Cost of Energy sebesar Rp. 484,58,- / kWh.   PLTS can be applied from small to large scale, that is the advantage of this technology. On a small scale, the use of solar energy can be applied on every roof of the house to meet the electricity needs of each residential / household consumer. For this need, the PLTS system is carried out on an on-grid basis, which is connected to an already available network, namely a network of electricity service providers such as PLN. In this study, the object of research is Building X at the State Polytechnic of Malang, where the load requirement is 12.5 kW and the daily energy requirement is 64 kWh. Using the HOMER PRO application obtained for systems with PV schemes, Batteries, PLN Grids, and converters, the proposed Schematic for the PLTS system is to use solar panels with a total installed power of 11 kWp, and coupled with a 1500 Ah battery, a power converter of 6 kW , and the PLN grid remains as the main supply. To be able to reduce electricity bills, Renewable Fraction (RF) is carried out by 58.5%, so that the daily production for solar panels is 45.6 kWh, which is 68% of daily needs with a capacity factor of 17.3%. The solar panels used by the ICASOLAR brand with a capacity of 250 Wp require 44 panels with a total required area of ​​57 m2 on the roof of the building. Economically, it is found that the Net Present Cost in this system is Rp. 183,000,000,- and Cost of Energy amount Rp. 484,58,- / kWh.

Availability Analysis of IaaS Cloud Using Analytic Models

2012 ◽  
pp. 134-157
Author(s):  
Francesco Longo ◽  
Rahul Ghosh ◽  
Vijay K. Naik ◽  
Kishor S. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
System States ◽  
Analytic Models ◽  
Large Scale Simulations

Cloud based systems are inherently large scale. Failures in such a large distributed environment are quite common phenomena. To reduce the overall Cloud downtime and to provide a seamless service, providers need to assess the availability characteristics of their data centers. Such assessments can be done through controlled experimentations, large scale simulations and via analytic models. In the scale of Cloud, conducting repetitive experimentations or simulations might be costly and time consuming. Analytic models, on the other hand, can be used as a complement to small scale measurements and simulations since the analytic results can be obtained quickly. However, accurate analytic modeling requires dealing with large number of system states, leading to state-space explosion problem. To reduce the complexity of analysis, novel analytic methods are required. This chapter introduces the reader to a novel approach using interacting analytic sub-models and shows how such approach can deal with large scale Cloud availability analysis. The chapter puts the work in perspective of other existing and ongoing research in this area, describe how such approach can be useful to Cloud providers, especially in the case of federated scenarios, and summarize the open research questions that are yet to be solved.

scholarly journals Analyze the Effectiveness of the Algorithm for Agricultural Product Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem Based on Mathematical Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Kairong Yu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Algorithm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Delivery Services

With the recent development in the economic system, the requirement for logistic services has also increased gradually. This increased the demand for efficient and cost-effective delivery services without compromising the quality and timeliness. This has become a challenge to the logistic service providers to maintain the high-quality standards along with reliable delivery services. A mathematical equation model is proposed in this work to solve the problem of random quantity of agricultural products collected/distributed by working vehicle collection/distribution path planning. This article proposes a hybrid algorithm which combines the taboo algorithm search and the taboo hybrid algorithm to solve the problem. In the proposed algorithm, a large-scale problem is several small-scale problems to reduce the time complexity of the algorithm. Since randomness is much more complicated than certain types of problems, accurate algorithms can only be applied to a small range of problem types. The heuristic calculations involved in the development of algorithms make it a convenient simplified tool for the collection and distribution of random agricultural products. An average validation accuracy of 94% has been obtained for the proposed algorithm after completing 200 iterations while obtaining 94.37%, 94.57%, and 94.56% precision, recall, and F-score values, respectively.

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document