Citizen Science Perspectives on E-Participation in Urban Planning

2013 ◽  
pp. 172-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren Cooper ◽  
Ashwin Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Planning Models

Citizen science is a method for an interested public to share information in order to co-create scientific knowledge, typically drawing on games and hobbies and employing electronic media such as web-based data-entry forms and online social networks. Citizen science has emerged in many fields of science (e.g., ecology, astronomy, atmospheric studies, anthropology) and advanced to produce important research findings based on high-quality, reliable data collected, and/or processed, by the public. In turn, participants have increased their interest in, and understanding of, topics related to citizen science projects, and experienced greater civic engagement and social capital. Urban planning initiatives seek to engage people in activities from data gathering to community discussions. The authors review the history of urban planning models and highlight how e-participation can overcome some of the limitations in traditional planning. The authors review how information and communication technologies (ICT) for Citizen Science methods can facilitate public participation in data collection and co-creating knowledge useful to planning decisions. The authors suggest that such efforts can ensure a collaborative rather than adversarial type of public participation and have added outcomes of increasing involvement of an informed public in other aspects of the planning process.

scholarly journals INTERACTIVE SPATIAL WEB-APPLICATIONS AS NEW MEANS OF SUPPORT FOR URBAN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gebetsroither-Geringer ◽  
R. Stollnberger ◽  
J. Peters-Anders
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Government Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Citizen participation, co-creation &amp;ndash; a joint development of professionals and citizens &amp;ndash; initiatives for urban planning processes have increased significantly during the last few years. This development has been strongly supported by the evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). E.g., it has never been easier to get information through your mobile devices wherever and whenever you want it. Public open spatial data is available in many cities around the world and web-based applications use this data to provide tools and services for many different topics such as traffic information, or the communication of health-related information (e.g. ozone, particulate matter or pollen loads). This paper presents typical problems of such web-applications in terms of application design and implementation and usability evaluation via describing three case study applications which have been developed recently. It tries to answer the question: How can this kind of geo-services be developed and used by scientists to enable public participation within data gathering and urban planning processes? All three applications have the common goal to provide interactive geo-visualization and analysis features which are tailored to support users in their urban planning processes. The innovation of those applications lies in their flexibility regarding the topics they can tackle and their capability to perform interactive analyses triggered by the user. The applications have been built with a strong focus on exploring the available data (e.g. Open Government Data &amp;ndash; OGD). Two of the applications have been implemented using the R-Shiny framework, the third application, the smarticipate platform, has been developed using ReactJS for the front-end, running a MongoDB in the background which is fed via a micro-service framework. In the latter application, the users can configure topics, i.e. the platform enables the user to create new services for different planning issues.</p>

An ePlanning Case Study in Stuttgart Using OPPA 3D

2009 ◽  
pp. 250-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Knapp ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Andy Hamilton ◽  
Volker Coors
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Disciplinary Process

Urban Planning is a multi-disciplinary process. Social-economic, environmental and natural resources issues need to be considered to ensure urban sustainable development and to enhance the quality of human life. As a result, it is necessary to investigate different urban planning techniques and possible new ways to facilitate the urban planning process. In this context, ePlanning, an important section of eGovernment, emerged. In order to enhance the capability of ePlanning, different ePlanning systems have been developed for different planning tasks and purposes. However, the state of the art in ePlanning practice is mainly limited to text or 2D maps. 3D visualization is rare, especially interactive visualization for public participation. Based on the preliminary research in an EU-funded project (i.e. Virtual Environmental Planning Systems), this chapter presents an online 3D public participation system for urban development called OPPA 3D, and its potential benefit to Rosensteinviertel regeneration in Stuttgart.

Smart Public Participation

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Sarmada Madhulika Kone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Inclusive Approach

Systems that exist today tell us about their survival. They were the better possible outcome of their evolution in their given setup (environmental, economic, and political setup). Urbanization-led cities grew in diversity. An inclusive approach in planning through public participation, where people involved in planning process and represent their community, is suitable for such diversified planning regions. Participatory approach is a bottom up method where community planning plays a major role in addressing larger goals. Communities are a group of people with certain commonalities living together and hold equal rights to their community. Developments in ICT gave a smart approach to public participation, where people easily exercise their participation in decision making. The chapter addresses how technology is related to process and enables public participation in urban planning procedure. Addressing the case of Indonesia, the chapter explains how developing nations responds to technology interventions in urban planning.

SUPPORTING URBAN PLANNING WITH CAGE: A SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT TO SIMULATE COMPLEX SYSTEMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNALDO CECCHINI ◽  
GIUSEPPE A. TRUNFIO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Side ◽  
The Relationship

The planning process is a multiactor, multilevel process, and the techniques we need for it must be suitable for all the protagonists involved. Moreover, the difficulty in dealing with the complexity of urban systems and the related difficulty of analyzing and forecasting are twofold: one kind of difficulty lies in the complexity of the system itself, and the other is due to the actions of actors, which are "acts of freedom." Correspondingly, the process of urban planning requires a set of techniques and models that have proved to be of great potential for management of communication, participation, consensus-building and system' simulation. In this paper, we describe the peculiarity of the articulated set of tools that should be used to support planning, allowing the setting up and management of processes of participation and communication tailored to the needs of specific projects — a set of friendly tools that make the relationship between technicians, clients and users effective and efficacious. Following this discussion we present a very flexible software environment based on cellular automata (Cellular Automata General Environment — CAGE) that can be used to simulate planning decisions and can be coupled with other modules dealing with the "social side" of complexity.

scholarly journals Border Environmental Justice PPGIS: Community-Based Mapping and Public Participation in Eastern Tijuana, México

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Carolina Prado ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Community Mapping ◽  
Mapping Process

Community mapping projects have been studied as important contributions to the field of environmental justice and Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS). As a collaborative project between the Colectivo Salud y Justicia Ambiental and Red de Ciudadanos por el Mejoramiento de las Comunidades (RECIMEC), the “Mapeo Comunitario de la Zona Alamar” was created as a mechanism for community participation in the urban planning process in Tijuana, México. This paper outlines the project’s community mapping process, including planning, data collection, priority identification, and data submission. Results from this community mapping project are analyzed including the (1) particular environmental risks and goods in this border region, (2) the influence that the project data had on the urban planning process, and (3) the impact that the community mapping process had on community organizing capacity. Our findings point to particular environmental challenges in this border city including clandestine trash dumps, and contaminated water runoff points. The mapping project influenced the land use planning process by identifying the key environmental risks and goods to prioritize in the zoning and ground truthing urban planning data. The community mapping project also had a key impact on community organizing through the fomenting of knowledge and relationships between community members and government representatives at the city’s urban planning agency.

Design of Robust Supply Chains

2013 ◽  
pp. 200-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Houssaine Aghezzaf ◽  
Carles Sitompul
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Placement Problem ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Production Capacities

In a supply chain operating under uncertainty, a possible approach to reduce the complexity and scope of the planning process is to organize all involved critical planning decisions in a hierarchical structure. This chapter attempts to explore new ways of integrating production and scheduling plans in a complex supply chain taking into account effects of some specific uncertainty types. In particular, uncertainty types inherent to the demand and to the process or equipment are considered. To deal with demand uncertainty at the strategic level, the safety stock placement problem in supply chains with limited production capacities is investigated. Results of this analysis and its consequences at the design level are reported and discussed. At the tactical level, each stage in the supply chain generates its own aggregate plans in order to balance supply and demand. To deal with uncertainty at this level, some robust deterministic planning models are discussed. These models make use only of the readily available data, such as averages and standard deviations, related to the uncertain planning parameters. At the operational level, the issue of disaggregating the generated robust tactical plans into detailed plans is investigated. A model taking into account the progressive deterioration of the production equipment is discussed. The results of some simulations are also reported and discussed.

Augmented Reality (AR) for Promoting Public Participation in Urban Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ahmad Johari Awang ◽  
M. Rafee Majid ◽  
Noradila Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
General Public ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Participation Process

Public participation plays a vital role for the developer and local government as this ensures the acceptance of the general public to the proposed project. However, the general public participation rate in the planning process in Malaysia is still at a low level. Hence, this study was conducted to study the use of augmented reality (AR) as a tool in promoting public participation in the planning process. In the study that was conducted, 77 respondents were selected from the general public to evaluate the effectiveness of AR. During this evaluation process, 37 of them were given AR material, and another 40 of them were given classic plan material. By using feedbacks from the public, statistical analysis was done to study the effect of AR and conventional plan material on the willingness for public participation process. The statistical test shows that the participant is more willing to participate in the public participation process when AR material is being used.Keywords: AR, Public Participation, Urban Planning

scholarly journals DEVELOPING A WEB-BASED PPGIS, AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING SERVICE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
N. Ranjbar Nooshery ◽  
M. Taleai ◽  
R. Kazemi ◽  
K. Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Environmental Reporting ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Participatory Gis ◽  
The City

Today municipalities are searching for new tools to empower locals for changing the future of their own areas by increasing their participation in different levels of urban planning. These tools should involve the community in planning process using participatory approaches instead of long traditional top-down planning models and help municipalities to obtain proper insight about major problems of urban neighborhoods from the residents’ point of view. In this matter, public participation GIS (PPGIS) which enables citizens to record and following up their feeling and spatial knowledge regarding problems of the city in the form of maps have been introduced. In this research, a tool entitled CAER (Collecting &amp; Analyzing of Environmental Reports) is developed. In the first step, a software framework based on Web-GIS tool, called EPGIS (Environmental Participatory GIS) has been designed to support public participation in reporting urban environmental problems and to facilitate data flow between citizens and municipality. A web-based cartography tool was employed for geo-visualization and dissemination of map-based reports. In the second step of CAER, a subsystem is developed based on SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing), as a data mining tools to elicit the local knowledge facilitating bottom-up urban planning practices and to help urban managers to find hidden relations among the recorded reports. This system is implemented in a case study area in Boston, Massachusetts and its usability was evaluated. The CAER should be considered as bottom-up planning tools to collect people’s problems and views about their neighborhood and transmits them to the city officials. It also helps urban planners to find solutions for better management from citizen’s viewpoint and gives them this chance to develop good plans to the neighborhoods that should be satisfied the citizens.

scholarly journals Visualizing a Possible Future: Map Guidelines for a 3D Detailed Development Plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Judge ◽  
Lars Harrie
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Specific Property ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Property A ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interactive Maps ◽  
Development Plans

AbstractDetailed development plans (DDPs) legally define what can be built on a specific property. A proper visualization of these plans is important to facilitate public participation in the urban planning process. In most countries, visualizations of DDPs are still in the form of static 2D maps, but there is a movement towards 3D interactive maps. This movement could potentially benefit public participation by improving communication of the plan proposal, but it also raises issues concerning the cartographic design. A challenge is that a DDP visualization does not convey what will be built in an area, but rather what could be built within the legal frame of the DDP. This implies that the uncertainty in the cartographic design needs to be addressed. In this study, we develop (based on literature review) and implement preliminary guidelines of a 3D DDP visualization, including interactivity possibilities to explicitly address the issue of uncertainty in DDP visualization. The preliminary guidelines are evaluated by semi-structured interviews with urban planning professionals, and based on the outcome of these interviews, the guidelines are updated. The movement toward 3D DDP visualizations was stressed by the participants as important for improving the public understanding and participation in the urban planning process, when the appropriate cartography and functionality is applied.

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