Digital Libraries in the Clouds

2013 ◽  
pp. 90-110
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Museum Experience

The business of free represents a radical cultural shift, and many social institutions will need to adapt as a result. This chapter examines the situation of libraries and museums, which are both facing a marked struggle to compete with free and convenient online content. In fact, it seems that for-profit companies, in using various strategies, have essentially beat libraries and museums with their own free content model. Recent decades have seen a decline in public interest in the services museums and libraries provide, which may have multiple possible causes and has led to a loss of revenue. In order to remain solvent, these institutions will need to make changes in their business models to adapt to new technological realities and market conditions. Some efforts to add value to the traditional library or museum experience have already been initiated, although cultivating sustainable funding sources may represent a significant challenge.

How Do NPOs Get Funding? A Business Model Perspective Based on the Conversion of Symbolic Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1258
Author(s):  
Rachel Bocquet ◽  
Gaëlle Cotterlaz-Rannard ◽  
Michel Ferrary
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
For Profit ◽  
International Scope ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Social Alliances ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
New Framework

Despite intensive research dedicated to both social alliances and business models, a research gap persists with regard to why and how nonprofit organizations (NPOs) choose (or not) to partner with for-profit organizations (FPOs) to obtain funding. By adopting an NPO-centered analysis, this article presents a new framework, based on Bourdieu’s forms of capital. With an explicit consideration of symbolic capital—and the risks of damaging it if the NPO turns to FPOs for funding—the authors explore specific issues related to NPO business models. The empirical test of the framework relies on an original database of 150 nongovernmental organizations with international scope. It reveals four distinct business models (public, civic, opportunistic, and diversified) and demonstrates that a high stock of symbolic capital gives organizations the power to choose and eventually diversify their funding sources, including partnering with select FPOs.

scholarly journals Funding Sustainable Online News: Sources of Revenue in Digital-Native and Traditional Media in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11328
Author(s):  
Alfonso Vara-Miguel ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Blanco ◽  
Charo Sádaba Sádaba Chalezquer ◽  
Samuel Negredo
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Online News ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Digital Native ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Digital News ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
First Time

Digital news publishers strive to balance revenue streams in their business models: as standard advertising declines, alternatives for sustaining digital journalism arise in the forms of sponsored content, user donations and payments—one-off purchases, subscriptions or memberships, public or private grants, electronic commerce, events and consulting. An exhaustive study found 2874 active online news publications in Spain, and it observed the adoption of such models in early 2021. Advertising remains the most popular source of income for digital news operations (85.8%) and most sites rely on just one or two revenue streams (74.5%). We compare the cases in our census by their origin (digital-native or non-native), geography (local/regional or national/global) and topic scope (generalist or specialized). We find that traditional, national and specialized online media have a broader and more innovative revenue mix than digital-native, regional or local and general-interest news outlets. The comprehensiveness of this pioneering study sheds light for the first time on the risk that the lack of diversification and innovation in funding sources may imperil the financial sustainability of some online news operations in Spain, mostly those with a smaller scope and no backing from a traditional business, according to the results we present here.

scholarly journals Democratic Information Communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Political Liberty ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Organization Analysis ◽  
Media Power ◽  
Flow Of Information

In order that American communities may thrive in a 21st century democratic context, both individuals and organizations across the private, public, and nonprofit sectors must intentionally dedicate themselves to promoting an inclusive flow of information designed to support collective problem-solving, the coordination of community activity, public accountability, and connectedness within the community. Our national commitment to democracy – to ideals of political liberty and equality – means not only that local communities need information adequate for these purposes, but that our practices of information creation, organization, analysis, and transmission be democratic in character. This creates a special community need for good journalism, for a for-profit media environment attentive to issues of access, diversity, relevance, and media power, and for nonprofit institutions that develop and organize information in the public interest that assist communities by actively facilitating democratic conversation for community agenda-setting, problem-solving and conflict resolution. Communities that pursue these aims should be considered “democratic information communities.”

Strategic behavior of nontraditional lenders in agricultural credit markets

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Tetteh ◽  
Michael Boehlje ◽  
Anil K. Giri ◽  
Sankalp Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Credit Markets ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Funding Sources

PurposeThis paper examines credit products, operational performance and business models employed by nontraditional lenders (NTLs) in agricultural credit markets.Design/methodology/approachTwo research methods were employed in this study: (1) an executive interview to collect primary data and (2) a case study approach to analyze the findings and develop insights.FindingsThe findings indicate the presence of significant differences among lenders across and within three categories of NTLs (large volume, vendor financing and collateral-based NTLs). For example, collateral-based NTLs employ different strategies focusing on types of loans, funding sources, commodities they support and geographic coverage to further segment the market. NTLs in this study were able to capture market by successfully identifying gaps in the supply side of agricultural credit and developing products that meet the needs of that niche (e.g. heavy renters, large operations, producers seeking fixed interest rates for term loans, financially fragile producers). Most of the interviewed NTLs had credit standards comparable to those of traditional lenders and consider them both competitors and partners since many NTLs partner with traditional lenders on participation loans, loan servicing and/or sourcing funds.Originality/valueThe supply side of a nontraditional lending has not been studied extensively due to the proprietary nature of data. The executive interviews conducted in this study allowed for accumulation of industry data, which is not available otherwise.

How to be a Transnational Distance Learning Winner

2012 ◽  
pp. 260-279
Author(s):  
Robert Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Virtual Classroom ◽  
University Management ◽  
Faculty Recruitment ◽  
International Partnerships ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
Teaching Learning

Transnational Distance Learning (TDL) holds great promise for universities that are able to capitalize on the emerging market. This chapter discusses strategic planning, operations, and how to maximize opportunities and minimize risk. Vision and mission determine its design and place within the organizational structure. The chapter discusses various approaches for course design, pedagogy, faculty selection, and program management. Techniques to promote acceptance and reduce program costs are discussed. Other topics are testing and evaluation in the virtual classroom, business models, faculty recruitment, and marketing strategies to increase enrollment and profitability. Traditional university management practices need to be reinvented to ensure success in the distance learning market; methods used by for-profit universities are offered as examples. The chapter reviews distance-learning, teaching-learning models, faculty recruitment and training, quality assurance, international partnerships, and accreditation.

Intellectual Property Issues for Digital Libraries at the Intersection of Law, Technology, and the Public Interest

2011 ◽  
pp. 294-341
Author(s):  
Dionysia Kallinikou ◽  
Marinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Kaponi ◽  
Vassiliki Strakantouna
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Alternative Proposal ◽  
Database Protection

The development of Digital libraries and repositories, a worldwide vision with enormous political and ideological importance for humanity, in an effort to approach cultures and preserve plurality and diversity, is directly affected by the provisions of Intellectual Property Law and is subject to the consideration of innovation through legislation. Legal issues such as these related to software use, database protection, the collection, digitization, archiving, and distribution of protected works are of outmost importance for the operation and viability of Digital libraries and repositories. In this chapter, the authors focus upon some of these legal issues and consider an alternative proposal in respect of Intellectual Property law for open access to creative works furnished to the public through Digital libraries and repositories. The alternative proposal pertains to the use of the Creative Commons licenses as a legal means to enhance Openness for Digital libraries.

scholarly journals Plant Breeders' Rights Licensing in Smallholder Farming: Observations From Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Peter Munyi ◽  
Bram De Jonge ◽  
Neils Louwaars
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Breeders Rights

Focusing on Kenya as an example of a market where food production is mostly for subsistence purposes, this article seeks to establish whether licensing of plant breeders’ rights is a mechanism that can facilitate access to seeds and planting material to smallholder farmers. Through a case study method and qualitative interviews of a wide range of stakeholders, it was found that licensing strategies that are employed in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya usually involve some form of market differentiation. This is in order to ensure that the targeted beneficiary is reached. It was also found that whatever licensing strategy is employed, each has some advantages and disadvantages. Further, not-for-profit technology brokers have emerged with a view to absorb some costs in the licensing process which are otherwise out of reach for smallholder farmers. Breeders also waive some of their rights with respect to protected varieties. The article concludes that the use of licensing as a tool to facilitate access to seeds and planting material for smallholder farmers in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya has received little attention and only involves very few commercial crops.  Where breeders choose to waive some of their rights, they should let farmers know so as to create legal certainty on utilization of accessed varieties. 

Public interest in health data research: laying out the conceptual groundwork

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ballantyne ◽  
G Owen Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Demand For Health

The future of health research will be characterised by three continuing trends: rising demand for health data; increasing impracticability of obtaining specific consent for secondary research; and decreasing capacity to effectively anonymise data. In this context, governments, clinicians and the research community must demonstrate that they can be responsible stewards of health data. IRBs and RECs sit at heart of this process because in many jurisdictions they have the capacity to grant consent waivers when research is judged to be of particular value. However, several different terms are used to refer to this value (including public interest, public benefit, public good and social value), indicating a lack of conceptual clarity regarding the appropriate test for access to health data for research without consent. In this paper we do three things. First we describe the current confusion and instability in terminology relating to public interest in the context of consent waivers. Second we argue for harmonisation of terminology on the grounds of clarity, transparency and consistency. Third we argue that the term ‘public interest’ best reflects the normative work required to justify consent waivers because it is the broadest of the competing terms. ‘Public interest’ contains within its scope positive and negative implications of a study, as well as welfare, justice and rights considerations. In making this argument, we explain the normative basis for consent waivers, and provide a starting place for further discussion about the precise conditions in which a given study can be said to advance the public interest. Ipsos MORI study found that: … the public would be broadly happy with administrative data linking for research projects provided (1) Those projects have social value, broadly defined. (2) Data are de-identified. (3) Data are kept secure. (4) Businesses are not able to access the data for profit.

scholarly journals Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank’s Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Eugenia Omarini
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Economies Of Scope ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Revenue Streams

Mutated market conditions, the advent of new players and digital technologies, and a significant regulatory push, are profoundly changing the banking industry. Banking business models may shift significantly from a pipeline, vertical, paradigm, to open banking models where modularity can be an opportunity for banks. Not only are the abovementioned factors representing a threat to the traditional model, but also they are spurring significant new opportunities to pursue new revenue streams. Those opportunities are exploited through new banking paradigms that entail higher levels of openness towards third parties and a crescent number of modular services bundled together. Models can go to mere compliance with the prescriptions of openness of PSD2, to the inclusion of new services, the opening of the banking core and data, and the aggregation of those within a platform experience. Value is created in platforms through economies of scope in production and innovation.This paper has explored the evolution of Fintech and Techfin in the market and the emergence of platform models in banking. It has investigated the evolution of that concept, also introducing an interesting banking case (BBVA), which gives several insights on the choices made toward a Banking-as-a-Platform model within the context of Fintech and Open Banking.

Fostering Local Caring Community Building through Mutual-aid Funding in Accordance with § 20 h SGB V and § 45 d SGB XI, Using the Example of the “Social Network Lausitz”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-405
Author(s):  
Rasmus Köhne
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
General Public ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Skills Shortage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Provision Of Services

The socio-structural development towards an ever-increasing lifespan (in Germany), predicted by social scientists, implies a growing need of services of general public interest for those in need, especially in the areas of health and care provision. Considering the continuous skills shortage in these areas one can assume that social insurances and the welfare state might become partially incapable to fulfil their obligation to guarantee social security. Innovative alternative approaches of local provision of services of general public interest, especially in rural areas, make use of effective resources of mutual-aid organisation which is efficiently networking with other social institutions, NGOs, local businesses and the citizens. Professional and financial support is ideally given by the local administration/ the municipalities as well as the social insurers according to § 20 h SGB V and § 45 d SGB XI. This article presents and analyses a successful coordination of services of general public interest through a contact office for mutual-aid groups in the Oberlausitz/Saxony, Germany which is mainly operating in the realms of the Third Sector.

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