The Japanese Model of Risk Society

2014 ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Markus Merviö
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
The Government

Japan, two years after the triple catastrophe of earthquake, tsunami, and Fukushima nuclear plant crisis, is only slowly wakening to the new reality of a new kind of reflexive relationship with nuclear power and, more generally, the use of modern technology and the social risks linked with modern life. In Japan, the idea that Japan’s very own catastrophe is, instead, a global catastrophe has not really sunk in. Coping with the disasters may be the most urgent and visible task of the government, but the Japanese society can hardly wait to find solutions to many long-term policy choices. This chapter analyzes the Japanese model of risk society, the risk society discourse in Japan, and the challenges of risk society to Japanese public policy.

Intervention by Outsiders: A Strategic Management Perspective on Government Industrial Policy

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Dyerson ◽  
Frank Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
British Experience ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACTAs the debate throughout the eighties has concluded, the efforts of governments to intervene at the firm level has largely been disappointing. Using two examples drawn from the British experience, Rover and Inmos, this paper offers an analysis as to why the Government has encountered difficulties when it has sought to intervene in a strategic fashion. Essentially, public policy makers lack adequate mechanisms to intervene effectively in technology-based companies. Locked out of the knowledge base of the firm, inappropriate financial control is imposed which reinforces the ‘outsider’ status of the Government. Having addressed the limitations of strategic intervention, the paper, drawing on the comparative experience of other countries, then goes on to address how this policy boundary might be pushed back in the long term.

Accounting for gaming in the time of plague: COVID-19 in Macau

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Noronha ◽  
Jieqi Guan ◽  
Sandy Hou In Sio
Keyword(s):  
Critical Event ◽  
Gaming Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Account ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose While the COVID-19 virus has been spreading worldwide, some studies have related the pandemic with various aspects of accounting and therefore emphasized the importance of accounting research in understanding the impact of COVID-19 on society as a whole. Recent studies have looked into such an impact on various industries such as retail and agriculture. The current study aims at applying a sociological framework, sociology of worth (SOW), to the gaming industry in Macau, the largest operator of state-allowed gambling and entertainment in China, which will allow for its development during the COVID-19 pandemic to be charted. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the theory of SOW as a framework and collects data from various sources, such as the government, gaming operators and the public, to create timelines and SOW frameworks to analyze the impact of the virus on the gaming industry and the society as a whole. Findings Detailed content analysis and the creation of different SOW matrices determined that the notion of a “lonely economy” during a time of a critical event may be ameliorated in the long term through compromises of the different worlds and actors of the SOW. Practical implications Though largely theory-based, this study offers a thorough account of the COVID-19 incident for both the government and the gaming industry to reflect on and to consider new ways to fight against degrowth caused by disasters or crises. Social implications The SOW framework divides society into different worlds of different worths. The current study shows how the worths of the different worlds are congruent during normal periods, and how cracks appear between them when a sudden crisis, such as COVID-19, occurs. The article serves as a social account of how these cracks are formed and how could they be resolved through compromise and reconstruction. Originality/value This study is a first attempt to apply SOW to a controversial industry (gaming) while the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing. It offers a significant contribution to the social accounting literature through its consideration of the combination of unprecedented factors in a well-timed study that pays close attention to analyses and theoretical elaboration.

MNCs from LDCs: The case of Indian joint ventures abroad*

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
K. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Though Indian joint ventures are of recent origin, and the initial failure rate is high, they are gradually being recognized by the Government of India and Indian businessmen as powerful instruments to secure a foothold in world markets. Many proposals, however, went abortive for lack of a long term strategic outlook on the part of either the entrepreneurs or the respective governments. In this set up, the author discusses how public policy in India and abroad seems to have provided a push to India's overseas investment efforts. But this is not enough. And Balakrishnan delineates how and what Indian investors abroad must do to succeed in their ventures. For this, viable strategies must be evolved to identify and exploit our long term opportunities. To facilitate this process, he gives a simple conceptual framework of the product market scope for Indian joint ventures abroad.

From Employment Security to Managerial Precarity: Japan's Changing Welfare-Work Nexus and its Impacts on Mid-career Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-400
Author(s):  
Nana Okura Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Japanese Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Employment Systems ◽  
Personal Career

In the postwar period, Japanese workers came to symbolize the economic and cultural prosperity of Japan. In return for their hard work, they were rewarded with life-time employment and various fringe benefits. This postwar social contract of "corporate welfarism" minimized the social risks and personal career uncertainties of a fluid labour market. However, nearly 30 years of economic recession and neo-liberal reforms have undermined the postwar model of corporate welfarism. Structural and management reforms have been invoked to reengineer Japan's corporate practices and to "flexibilize" the workforce, thereby "freeing" employees while offloading social risks of economic uncertainties to individual workers. As a result, these Japanese workers are caught between the slippage of the older corporate ideology of corporate welfarism premised on long-term employment, and the rise of the new global ideology of neo-liberalism premised on labour mobility, in the process exposing them to new social risks and conditions of uncertainty.<br/> By focusing on mid-career and experienced workers whose expectations of long-term employment were directly affected by restructuring, this article sheds light on the various forms of "precarious employment mechanisms" that have been used to cut personnel costs while avoiding outright dismissal. Drawing from different cases of informants who have been subjected to various forms of restructuring, this article highlights the decoupling of Japan's welfare and employment systems and examines the mechanisms and experiences of "in-house unemployment" for employees in an increasingly hollowed-out corporate welfare society.

3. The Finnish National Workplace Development Program as a New Approach in Public Policy

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Tuomo Alasoini
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
The Government ◽  
Workplace Development

This paper presents the aims and main focus areas of the Finnish National Workplace Development Programme. The Government-initiated programme in which also the social partners are involved was launched in 1996, and it will continue until 2003. The author considers that, using wisely, the high legitimacy programme-based workplace development enjoys in Finland today may prove to be an important source of competitive advantage for the country.

Saudi subsidy reforms unlikely to spark major protests

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Economic Outlook

Subject Political impact of subsidy reform. Significance Saudi Arabia introduced its first major cut to energy subsidies in January, leading to a rise in petrol, diesel, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity prices. Further cuts will be necessary to avert a fiscal crisis -- but with cheap energy seen as a basic part of the social contract between the government and the population, such measures are expected to have wide-reaching political repercussions. Impacts A decision to reverse subsidy cuts in the face of protest would undercut government credibility and reduce the prospect of further reforms. Yet persisting with subsidy reforms could damage government legitimacy and political capital among the youth and lower classes. Successful reforms will improve the long-term economic outlook, and the succession prospects of Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

scholarly journals Pricing and Public Policy Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pratap Chandra Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Price Maintenance ◽  
Advertising And Promotion

Companies adopt pricing policies to maximize the revenues and profits generated. Some of the policies are not fair. Major public policy issues in pricing include unfair pricing practices within distribution channel levels such as price-fixing and predatory pricing, and across distribution channel levels such as retail price maintenance, deceptive pricing, and discriminatory pricing. Companies set dynamic pricing and high prices for products to cover distribution costs, advertising and promotion costs, and excessive mark-ups. Companies try adopting fair pricing policies. Nevertheless, laws and regulations are enforced to ensure that the policies are followed and customers are benefited. Sometimes, it is difficult to ensure that the practices are legal and ethical. Governments and companies should also be aware about the pricing implications of the social goods used by customers. Proper understanding and implementation of pricing policies will benefit both companies and customers and help in developing sustainable strategies and long-term customer relationships.

scholarly journals Pricing and Public Policy Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Price Maintenance ◽  
Advertising And Promotion

Companies adopt pricing policies to maximize the revenues and profits generated. Some of the policies are not fair. Major public policy issues in pricing include unfair pricing practices within distribution channel levels such as price-fixing and predatory pricing, and across distribution channel levels such as retail price maintenance, deceptive pricing, and discriminatory pricing. Companies set dynamic pricing and high prices for products to cover distribution costs, advertising and promotion costs, and excessive mark-ups. Companies try adopting fair pricing policies. Nevertheless, laws and regulations are enforced to ensure that the policies are followed and customers are benefited. Sometimes, it is difficult to ensure that the practices are legal and ethical. Governments and companies should also be aware about the pricing implications of the social goods used by customers. Proper understanding and implementation of pricing policies will benefit both companies and customers and help in developing sustainable strategies and long-term customer relationships.

scholarly journals The Social and Cultural Adaptation of Immigrants Within the Context of Integration into Russian Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Asya V. Voropaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sociological Studies

The paper covers the issue of the social and cultural adaptation and integration of immigrants into Russian society. It is based on sociological studies that were conducted in Moscow, Penza, and Tambov. The analysis of immigrants’ responses to the study reveals difference between social and cultural adaptation in the metropolis and in cities that are located in other Russian regions. These differences relate to the immigrants’ employment, financial status, attitudes towards the culture and traditions of the host community, as well as their outlook regarding society and the future. We believe that it is important to introduce a long-term targeted program in the areas of education and culture for the purpose of facilitating the further adjustment of the second generation of immigrants. We also emphasize the necessity of involving the government in addressing the issue of integrating immigrants’ cultural values in everyday life into Russian society and culture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document