The Deductive Research Question and Literature Review

2015 ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Social ◽  
Deductive Research

In this chapter, students will learn the process of developing a deductive research question. The social science process, and by virtue the methods that are employed as part of a research study, stem from the structure and nature of the research question. This chapter provides a step-by-step account of how to generate a scientifically valid deductive question. The concept and structuring of a hypothesis that is linked to a research question is also discussed. The second portion of the chapter is devoted to explaining how to complete a literature review that is relevant to your research question and hypothesis.

Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Mathieu Ouimet ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Bédard
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Review Protocol

This chapter highlights literature review. Reviewing the published literature is one of the key activities of social science research, as a way to position one’s academic contribution, but also to get a bird’s eye view of what the relevant literature says on a given topic or research question. Many guides have been created to assist academic researchers and students in conducting a literature review, but there is no consensus on the most appropriate method to do so. One of the reasons for this lack of consensus is the plurality of epistemological attitudes that coexist in the social sciences. Before initiating a literature review, the researcher should start by clarifying the need for and the purpose of the review. Once this has been clarified, the actual review protocol, tools, and databases to be used will need to be determined to strike a balance between the scope of the study and the depth of the review.

“Same Old Stories”: The Black Male in Social Science and Educational Literature, 1930s to the Present

2011 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 2047-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Educational Conditions

Background/Context Over the last three decades, considerable attention has been given to the social and educational conditions of Black males. Such observations have led to the accusation that Black males are “in crisis.” Although such pronouncements call national attention to the needs of Black males, these discourses have helped to normalize and fasten in place an unchanging and reworked narrative for discussing or addressing the conditions of Black males. The intent of this article is to show how, for numerous decades, both the findings and theories used to make sense of Black males within the social science and education literature have helped to produce a common-sense narrative about all Black males. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose of this article is to trouble historical and contemporary beliefs about Black males and to help prompt new theories, research, and interventions that account for the complex needs of Black males’ lives. This article historically documents the social science and educational literature about Black males from the 1930s to the present. Two interrelated questions guided this analysis: (1) What are the common and recycled discourses employed within and across historical periods to make sense of the social and educational conditions of Black males? (2) To what extent and in what ways have these discourses closed off the kinds of questions one can ask in the present to address the social and educational conditions of Black males? This article concludes with a discussion of how researchers and educators can begin to ask new questions about Black males that explore the complexities of Black males’ lives, while also challenging the same old stories that pervade educational discourse. Research Design Historicizing of knowledge was the method used in this project. Historicizing of knowledge as a method of analysis examines how trajectories of the past help to shape how “ideas and events of the present are constructed,” in the words of Thomas Popkewitz. Employing this historical approach, this study focused on the visibility and presentation of theories and explanations about Black males, both adults and youth, in social science and educational literature over subsequent decades—(a) 1930s—1950s, (b) 1960s—1970s, and (c) 1980s to the present—to assess their durability and how they were changed (i.e., nuanced), if at all, over time. Findings/Results The findings from this analysis illustrate that the populational reasoning of Black males has been framed around four recursive conceptual narratives—absent and wandering, impotent and powerless, soulful and adaptive, and endangered and in crisis—from the 1930s to the present. Conclusions/Recommendations What these findings illustrate is the necessity for educational theorists and practitioners to ask new questions beyond the populational reasoning that has consumed educational discourse about Black males. The first step is for researchers and practitioners to take notice of whether typical explanations or narratives of deficit and difference guide their questions about Black male achievement, and for researchers and educators to carefully examine the diversity of Black male experiences beyond the dominant tropes of pathology and difference that have persisted within educational discourse.

scholarly journals Putting graphic elicitation into practice: tools and typologies for the use of participant-led diagrams in qualitative research interviews

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bravington ◽  
Nigel King
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social World ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
The Common ◽  
Year 2000

The use of diagrams to stimulate dialogue in research interviews, a technique known as graphic elicitation, has burgeoned since the year 2000. Reviews of the graphic elicitation literature have relied on the inconsistent terminology currently used to index visual methods, and have so far drawn only a partial picture of their use. Individual diagrams are seen as stand-alone tools, often linked to particular disciplines, rather than as images created from a toolbox of common elements which can be customized to suit a research study. There is a need to examine participant-led diagramming with a view to matching the common elements of diagrams with the objectives of a research project. This article aims to provide an overview of diagramming techniques used in qualitative data collection with individual participants, to relate the features of diagrams to the aspects of the social world they represent, and to suggest how to choose a technique to suit a research question.

scholarly journals Literatur Review Metodologi Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Febri Aris Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Learning

Social Sciences is a subject that studies and discusses social issues in society. The learning process of a subject will take place well and smoothly if the teacher in delivering the material has strategies and methods in delivering it to the students. The purpose of this article is to describe the social science learning methodology from literature review analysis. The method used is to use various literature review on the social science learning methodology. The social science is a field of study in the learning process is expected to provide students to be responsible in social life. Somesocial science learning methodologies are tailored to the conditions of students and facilities available so as to provide good learning outcomes with indicators of mastery and student learning achievement.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Teaching Social Studies as Integrated Curriculum

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Vincent Mensah Minadzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Integrated Curriculum ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study was to examine the impacts of COVID-19 and its implications for teaching Social Studies as integrated curriculum. This was done through review of a number of articles relating to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as Social Studies as integrated discipline. Historical background and the effects of the pandemic specifically in Ghana have been outlined in the paper. Being integrated curriculum, the author argues that the pandemic offers unique opportunity for Social Studies educators and teachers of the subject to demonstrate their understanding of the concept of integration with respect to the impacts of the pandemic. There is no denying the fact that the pandemic had tremendous impacts on all facets of human life including economic, social, psychological, political, religious, and health. Based on the literature review, it is recommended that educators and teachers in the field of Social Studies should draw connection between the COVID-19 and the Social Science subjects. In so doing, it would promote wholistic understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Teacher’s Involvement Level in Co-Curricular Activities in the Schools of Thimphu

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Sangay Khandu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Education System ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
School Level ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Components

This research primarily aims to examine teacher’s involvement level in co-curricular activities as co-curricular activities are considered one of the core components of the Bhutanese education system, where co-curricular activities promote enthusiasm, vitality, positive thinking, and team spirit which in turn, contribute to personality development [1]. Understanding teacher’s perspective and their work situation would strengthen the co-curricular activities in schools through proper directions and supports. Therefore, this research work was intended to see teacher’s involvement, interest, and training aspects in co-curricular activities. The report on “teacher’s involvement in co-curricular activities in the schools of Thimphu” consists of six chapters. Chapter1 states the importance of co-curricular activities in the education system and the rationale for conducting this study. It also highlights the importance of teachers in the education system. Chapter 2 talks about the background information on the research work through intensive literature review focusing on three objectives of the research. A similar kind of study, which was conducted in different countries is also reviewed and it was found that it has a strong correlation to our setting of the education system. Adequate evidence was brought into the discussion from various sources although such kinds of study weren’t conducted in Bhutan before. Through rigorous literature review, it was able to structure the research question and theoretical framework for this study. Chapter 3 discusses the research design, methodology, and analysis. For this study, a descriptive method was undertaken with a quantitative approach using survey questionnaires. The questionnaire was pre-tested and a reliability test for internal consistency was also carried out. The survey questionnaire was administered to about 120 teachers from eight different schools of Thimphu. Data analysis was carried out mostly through SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and a Microsoft Excel sheet was also used for preparing tables and graphs for interpretation. Chapter 4 provides the main findings of the study. The summaries of the findings from this study are: Firstly, the demographic detail shows that 70.8% female and 29.2% male participated in this research and from which 56.7% of the teachers were from the age group of 31-40. The majority of respondents were B.Ed teachers and representation of school level was maintained somewhat equal. Secondly, the involvement in co-curricular activities was found very impressive as the mean score was recorded at 4.1. It also showed that 90.9% of teachers are very familiar with co-curricular activities in school. Thirdly it was also found that the teachers do adequate planning and devote their time to co-curricular programs. However, it was found that they desire motivation and reward systems to be in place as they were not motivated by the current situation. Fourthly the findings showed that the teachers are in dire need of more training and workshops to upgrade their knowledge and skills in co-curricular activities. Around 86.6% stated that they need specialized tutors to to carry out co-curricular activities in schools. Chapter 5 provides some practical recommendations based on the findings. The recommendations are particularly made on the areas like; empowerment in carrying out the co-curricular activities, motivation & reward system, provide enough training & workshops , create suitable timing for co-curricular activities and ministry to carry out study on the relevancy of co-curricular activities in schools. Chapter 6 discusses the limitations, significance & scope of the study, and ethical considerations. Finally, chapter 7 provides the conclusion.

scholarly journals Management perspective of ethics in artificial intelligence

AI and Ethics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Baker-Brunnbauer
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Central Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Moral Ethics ◽  
Start Ups

AbstractThis research addressed the management awareness about the ethical and moral aspects of artificial intelligence (AI). It is a general trend to speak about AI, and many start-ups and established companies are communicating about the development and implementation of AI solutions. Therefore, it is important to consider different perspectives besides the technology and data as the key elements for AI systems. The way in which societies are interacting and organising themselves will change. Such transformations require diverse perspectives from the society and particularly from AI system developers for shaping the humanity of the future. This research aimed to overcome this barrier with the answers for the question: What kind of awareness does the management of AI companies have about the social impact of its AI product or service? The central research question was divided into five sub-questions that were answered by a fundamental literature review and an empirical research study. This covered the management understanding of the terms moral, ethics, and artificial intelligence; the internal company prioritization of moral and ethics; and the involved stakeholders in the AI product or service development. It analysed the known and used ethical AI guidelines and principles. In the end, the social responsibility of the management regarding AI systems was analysed and compared.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION AND SOCIAL CONNECTIONS IN A RECREATIONAL SENIOR SOFTBALL LEAGUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S535-S536
Author(s):  
Dawn S Tarabochia
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Analyze Data

Abstract Senior only communities have long been an option for adults over a certain age. A variety of activities and clubs are often available to residents of these communities. The purpose of this research project was to understand the lived experience of recreational softball players regarding players decision to play senior softball and to determine what social opportunities were associated with recreational senior softball leagues. A phenomenological research study was constructed to seek further inquiry into two research questions associated with this project. Participants were members of a senior living community and members of a recreational senior softball league. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were utilized, and 25 interviews were conducted. The interview transcripts were analyzed for phenomenological themes by the research team. The researchers used Van Manen’s (1990) hermeneutical approach to analyze data. Trustworthiness was established by the use of a peer reviewer to assess the themes for accuracy. Themes associated with the first research question indicate that interviewees participated in softball for a variety of reasons, including having played softball as a younger adult, wanting to maintain a level of physical fitness, and for the social connections that participation in a softball league provided. Themes associated with the second research question found that participants enjoyed many social benefits from playing softball, including informal and formal social opportunities. In conclusion, the willingness and opportunity to play senior softball provided older adults the ability to maintain a certain level of physical activity and to engage in meaningful social interactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document