Modeling Size Reduction and Fractionation for Cellulosic Feedstock

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ladan J. Naimi ◽  
Shahab Sokhansanj ◽  
Xiaotao T. Bi ◽  
C. Jim Lim ◽  
Anthony Ka-pong Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Feedstock Preparation ◽  
Cellulosic Feedstock

Biomass has attracted attention as a source of renewable energy. It is available in different forms such as lignocellulosic stalks of herbaceous and woody biomass. These forms of biomass should be prepared to go through bioconversion process or biofuel production. One of the major unit operations for preparation is size reduction, which increases the surface area available and breaks the structure of biomass. Size reduction is energy intensive and an expensive step of feedstock preparation. The characteristics of ground particles are the result of interactions between material properties and the modes of size reduction like shear, impact, and attrition. The fundamentals of size reduction of fibrous biomass are not well understood. This chapter summarizes the latest studies on modeling of size reduction of lignocellulosic and woody biomass.

scholarly journals Influence of Policy, Air Quality, and Local Attitudes toward Renewable Energy on the Adoption of Woody Biomass Heating Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Young ◽  
Nathaniel M. Anderson ◽  
Helen T. Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Heating Systems

Heat produced from woody biomass accounts for a significant portion of renewable energy in the United States. Economic and federal policy factors driving institutional adoption of woody biomass heating systems have been identified and examined in previous studies, as have the effects of state policies in support of biomass heating. However, plans for a number of mid- to large-scale biomass facilities have been abandoned after being proposed in communities with many of the factors and policies considered favorable to the adoption of such systems. In many of these cases, opponents cited potential negative impacts on local air quality, despite being generally in favor of renewable energy. This study employed a zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) statistical model to determine if state policies, air quality, and local attitudes toward renewable energy have a significant effect on the adoption and retention of distributed-scale biomass combustion systems used for institutional heating. State policy appears to have a negligible effect, while the influences of historic and current air pollution and local emissions appear insignificant. However, local attitudes in favor of renewable energy are associated with the adoption and retention of distributed-scale woody biomass heating systems. This is an indication of the importance of local support in determining the fate of future biomass energy projects.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis-GC/MS Analysis of Fast Growing Wood Macaranga Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
R.R. Dirgarini J.N. Subagyono ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Alan L. Chaffee ◽  
Rudianto Amirta ◽  
Marc Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Yields

Py-GC/MS analysis of six different species of fast growing Macaranga wood has been studied. Flash pyrolysis was conducted at different temperatures (250-850 oC) under a flow of helium followed by GC/MS analysis of the products. The total pyrolysis yields of the six different species of Macaranga were mostly between 40 and 90% within the range of pyrolysis temperature applied.  Pyrolysis of the woody biomass produced compounds which are mostly derived from thermal degradation or volatilization of lignin and cellulose/hemicellulose, the original major constituents of the biomass. The Py-GC/MS technique indicated that M. gigantea was the most potential species for biofuel production and the optimum pyrolysis temperature to produce high yields of bio-oil was 450 oC.

Investigation of Non-specular Reflection of Rayleigh Waves for Evaluation of the Material Properties of Surface Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Hak-Joon KIM ◽  
Sung-Jin SONG ◽  
Joon-Ho CHOI ◽  
Sung-Duk KWON*
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Rayleigh Waves ◽  
Specular Reflection

scholarly journals The “PV Rooftop Garden”: Providing Recreational Green Roofs and Renewable Energy as a Multifunctional System within One Surface Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Sattler ◽  
Irene Zluwa ◽  
Doris Österreicher
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Rooftop Garden ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

In urban areas, summer temperatures are continuously increasing, and cities are aiming at implementing measures to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Reducing sealed surfaces and adding plants have been shown to be beneficial for urban microclimates. Green roofs are thus a viable alternative to standard roofs made out of materials that completely seal the top layer. However, roofs are, at the same time, also ideal for the integration of photovoltaics (PVs), as they are mostly unshaded. With both applications competing for the same surface area, solutions must be found that symbiotically combine the benefits of vegetation and renewable energy. Using an interdisciplinary study, various designs were developed for prototypical applications to integrate PV systems into rooftop gardens, with a specific focus on retrofitting flat roofs. The prototypes were analyzed and tested based on structural design aspects, suitable plant choices, and energy output. The results showed that the concurrent integration of PVs and green roofs into the same surface area can be achieved with lightweight construction, which is particularly suitable for existing buildings. The system can contribute to much-needed urban renewable energy generation, the mitigation of the UHI effect, and the provision of recreational spaces.

scholarly journals Co-gasification of Cassava Rhizome and Woody Biomass in the 1 MWel Prototype Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifier by Gussing Renewable Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
J Hongrapipat ◽  
V Siriwongrungson ◽  
M Messner ◽  
C. Henrich ◽  
S. Gunnarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Fluidised Bed

scholarly journals HESS Opinions: "Climate, hydrology, energy, water: recognizing uncertainty and seeking sustainability"

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Koutsoyiannis ◽  
C. Makropoulos ◽  
A. Langousis ◽  
S. Baki ◽  
A. Efstratiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. Since 1990 extensive funds have been spent on research in climate change. Although Earth Sciences, including climatology and hydrology, have benefited significantly, progress has proved incommensurate with the effort and funds, perhaps because these disciplines were perceived as "tools" subservient to the needs of the climate change enterprise rather than autonomous sciences. At the same time, research was misleadingly focused more on the "symptom", i.e. the emission of greenhouse gases, than on the "illness", i.e. the unsustainability of fossil fuel-based energy production. Unless energy saving and use of renewable resources become the norm, there is a real risk of severe socioeconomic crisis in the not-too-distant future. A framework for drastic paradigm change is needed, in which water plays a central role, due to its unique link to all forms of renewable energy, from production (hydro and wave power) to storage (for time-varying wind and solar sources), to biofuel production (irrigation). The extended role of water should be considered in parallel to its other uses, domestic, agricultural and industrial. Hydrology, the science of water on Earth, must move towards this new paradigm by radically rethinking its fundamentals, which are unjustifiably trapped in the 19th-century myths of deterministic theories and the zeal to eliminate uncertainty. Guidance is offered by modern statistical and quantum physics, which reveal the intrinsic character of uncertainty/entropy in nature, thus advancing towards a new understanding and modelling of physical processes, which is central to the effective use of renewable energy and water resources.

scholarly journals Cost and Performance of Woody Biomass Size Reduction for Energy Production

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladan J Naimi ◽  
Shahab Sokhansanj ◽  
Sudhagar Mani ◽  
Mozammel Hoque ◽  
Tony Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
And Performance

Microstructure Characteristics of YBa2Cu3O7-y Nanocomposite by Shortening the Manufacturing Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6703-6705
Author(s):  
Sang Heon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Ybco Bulk ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
Large Particles

In this study, YBCO bulk was produced using two seeds by placing an additional seed on the upper pellet of the sample fabricated with the ISMG process. It was confirmed that the upper and lower pellets consisting of a–b sector showed a higher number of Y211 particles than those consisting of a–c sector, and that the same tendency appeared at a spot where different interfaces existed. This can be most clearly compared at the center. Finally, it was found that although minimizing the growth of a–c sector is an important goal for fabricating superconducting bulk magnets with high material properties, it is necessary to minimize the size of areas where different interfaces appear. It can be seen that the number of Y211 particles is the smallest inside the boundary surface, and that although they occupied a relatively smaller surface area, large particles agglomerated together.

RELEVANCE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рахманкулова ◽  
R. Rakhmankulova ◽  
Красникова ◽  
D. Krasnikova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fuel Pellets

This article explores relevance of obtaining energy using alternative and renewable energy sources. Particular attention is devotes a new kind of biofuel, which has become popular in Europe - fuel pellets. Identified and justified the need to increase the production of pellet fuel in Russia, gives concrete examples, which are supported by figures. Moreover, the authors expound the advantages and disadvantages of biofuel production in Russia

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