P-F Fuzzy Rings and Normal Fuzzy Ring

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-111
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Subset ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fuzzy Ideal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fuzzy Ring

In 1965, Zadeh introduced the concept of fuzzy subset. Since that time many papers were introduced in different mathematical scopes of theoretical and practical applications. In 1982, Liuformulated the term of fuzzy ring and fuzzy ideal of a ring R. In 2004, Hadi and Abou-Draeb, introduced and studied P-F fuzzy rings and normal fuzzy rings and now we are complete it. In this chapter, the concepts P-F fuzzy rings and normal fuzzy rings have been investigated. Several basic results related to these concepts have given and studied. The relationship between them has also been given. Moreover, some properties of t-pure fuzzy ideal of a fuzzy ring have been given which need it later.

scholarly journals When do L-fuzzy ideals of a ring generate a distributive lattice?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 531-542
Author(s):  
Ninghua Gao ◽  
Qingguo Li ◽  
Zhaowen Li
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Lattice ◽  
Heyting Algebra ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Boolean Ring ◽  
Fuzzy Subset ◽  
The Family ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Fuzzy Ideal

AbstractThe notion of L-fuzzy extended ideals is introduced in a Boolean ring, and their essential properties are investigated. We also build the relation between an L-fuzzy ideal and the class of its L-fuzzy extended ideals. By defining an operator “⇝” between two arbitrary L-fuzzy ideals in terms of L-fuzzy extended ideals, the result that “the family of all L-fuzzy ideals in a Boolean ring is a complete Heyting algebra” is immediately obtained. Furthermore, the lattice structures of L-fuzzy extended ideals of an L-fuzzy ideal, L-fuzzy extended ideals relative to an L-fuzzy subset, L-fuzzy stable ideals relative to an L-fuzzy subset and their connections are studied in this paper.

scholarly journals Estimation of Peak Flow in Ungauged Catchments Using the Relationship between Runoff Coefficient and Curve Number

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Kim ◽  
Mun-Ju Shin
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Rational Method ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Relationship

Hourly flood flow estimation for gauged and ungauged catchments is a prerequisite for planning and water management. Various methods have been applied in a multitude of studies to calculate the peak flow for ungauged catchments. However, it is not simple for engineers to use the existing methods in practical applications. An easier method is suggested for this purpose in this study. The authors estimated the relationship between the runoff coefficient, intensity of rainfall, and curve number, and then utilized the relationship to calculated the peak flow using the rational method for ungauged catchments. Rainfall and flood time series for ungauged study catchments were generated by a simple data generation method and a distributed rainfall–runoff model. Results showed that the runoff coefficients simulated using the estimated relationship reasonably agree with the runoff coefficients in the studied ungauged catchments. In addition, the peak flow simulated using the rational method and the relationship highly agree with the peak flow in the ungauged catchments. Therefore, the peak flow in ungauged catchments can be easily calculated by this method, which is more pragmatic for engineers.

scholarly journals The dynamics of Pecking Order and Agency theories on crowdfunding concept as alternate finance for start-up businesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Francis Kwaku Kuma ◽  
Mohd Effandi Yosuff
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study explores the relevance of theoretical aspect of crowd financing by reviewing the defining literature on Pecking Order and Agency theories in details and evaluates applications of these theories based on crowdfunding. In particular, the study critically considers the key concepts of these theories and how they could be applied in practical terms. The study decides to adopt Pecking Order and the Agency theories because they provide valuable insights into the trend of crowdfunding streams available to firms. The paper primarily adds to existing literature on the broader definition of crowdfunding as a concept and then examine the relationship between this concept and its practical applications to the chosen theories. The study combines these theoretical perspectives with the practical aspects of startup companies raising finance using the crowd because a broad reading of the literature tends to point to in this direction. The key concepts of these theories are critically considered and the study is conducted in the form of review of literature and expression of opinion. Citation: author1, author2, author3. The dynamics of Pecking Order and Agency theories on crowdfunding concept as alternate finance for start-up businesses. 2020; 4(1): 1－13.Received: (February 2, 2020) Accepted: (March 31, 2020)

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between spatial abilities and anatomy learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Mustafa Aydın ◽  
Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz ◽  
Muzaffer Şeker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the spatial abilities of medical school students and their learning in anatomy. Methods: The spatial abilities of the 120 students (74 females, 46 males) were examined using Mental Rotation Test (MRT). The relationship between the mental rotation scores and the mean scores of their practical and theoretical anatomy examinations was determined in terms of gender. Results: The study revealed that mental rotation skills of female participants were lower than males; however, there was no significant difference in their exam (theoretical and practical anatomy examinations) scores in terms of gender. The spatial ability of the students had a low level significant effect on their anatomy scores, regarding practical applications. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between students’ spatial ability and their success in practical anatomy examinations. This suggests that improving spatial ability skills may have a significant contribution to practical anatomy learning and may be considered as a part of anatomy education.

scholarly journals Continuous Directional Water Delivery on the 3D-Printed Arrowhead Microstructure Array

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Liang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Junjun Chen ◽  
Kunpeng Jiang ◽  
Yufeng Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Liquid Transport ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Transport Length ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microstructure Array

Unidirectional transport is attracting increasing attention in the field of microfluidics, because it does not require an external energy supply. However, most of the current self-driving structures are still plagued with persistent problems that restrict their practical applications. These include low transport velocity, short transport distance, and complex structure. This work reports the design of a new arrowhead microstructure array, on which liquid transport can reach speeds of 23 mm/s and the ratio of transport length to channel width (L/R) can reach up to approximately 40. This structure drives liquid through a unique arrow conformation, which can induce capillary force and arrest the reverse motion of the liquid simultaneously. By means of theory, simulation, and experiment, we have studied the mechanism of liquid transport on this structure. We provide a detailed discussion of the relationship between the velocity of liquid transport and the microstructural dimensions. The findings may inspire the design of novel, unidirectional, liquid-spreading surfaces.

scholarly journals A p-Ideal in BCI-Algebras Based on Multipolar Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Jeong-Gon Lee ◽  
Mohammad Fozouni ◽  
Kul Hur ◽  
Young Bae Jun
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Finite Degree ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Fuzzy Ideal ◽  
The Relationship

In 2020, Kang, Song and Jun introduced the notion of multipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set with finite degree, which is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy set, and they applied it to BCK/BCI-algebras. In this paper, we used this notion to study p-ideals of BCI-algebras. The notion of k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideals in BCI-algebras is introduced, and several properties were investigated. An example to illustrate the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is given. The relationship between k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal and k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is displayed. A k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is found to be k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal, and an example to show that the converse is not true is provided. The notions of p-ideals and k-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy p-ideal in BCI-algebras are used to study the characterization of k-polar intuitionistic p-ideal. The concept of normal k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is introduced, and its characterization is discussed. The process of eliciting normal k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal using k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is provided.

scholarly journals Assessment of Language and Literacy in Children Who Are d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianna Pizzo ◽  
Amanda Chilvers
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Theoretical Orientations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents theoretical orientations and practical applications for the assessment of d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) children. It discusses current approaches to assessment and the factors affecting d/Dhh children’s participation in assessments using those approaches. Gaps in the field around access to appropriate assessments are discussed. This review also shares information on the relationship between the purpose of the assessment and the approach selected. Basic considerations for both d/Deaf and hard of hearing multilingual learners (d/DMLs) and d/Dhh children with additional disabilities will be addressed. Finally, general recommendations are made for research and practice.

Calculation of Non-Homogeneous Anisotropic Rectangular Plates with Arbitrary Fixation on the Contur

2019 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zavrak
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Isotropic Case ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Orthotropic Plates ◽  
Anisotropic Plates ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Difficult Cases ◽  
Anisotropic Rectangular Plates

The developing of the effective methodic of elastic orthotropic plates’ calculation and the research on the base of their state under different boundary conditions are of great importance nowadays. The representation of the received results in the form, convenient for practical use, is also important. For practical applications in engineering are important tables for determining deflections and internal forces of structures. Such tables for the isotropic case under various conditions of plate support on the contour are given in many works. As for the anisotropic plates, there are no such tables, with the exception of one Huber table compiled for a freely supported rectangular orthotropic plate, depending on the relationship between the stiffness values. Here is a method of calculating the non-homogeneous anisotropic rectangular plates with arbitrary fixation on the contour is set forth, which is reduced to a boundary value problem. The main idea of a calculated general methodic of linear marginal differential tasks calculation is based on underlying of the main part of a solution. Such approach is proved by means of development and some generalization of common positions of a variational method of marginal tasks of mathematical physics of self-conjugated tasks solution. To solve a system of equations in terms of displacements using finite difference method (FDM) in combination with different variations of analytical solutions. It is advisable to construct a numerical solution of the problem so that in difficult cases the support fixing and uploading solution sought, not directly, but in the form of amendments to the known solution for simple cases of reference to consolidate and uploading at finding the solutions which the analytical methods or the FDM with sparse mesh may be used. Given as examples are the results of calculation for a series of square orthotropic plates with a fixed boundary under the action of uniformly distributed load.

Exploratory Study on Engineering Ceramics Pressure Hulls for Deep-Sea Submergence Services

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yano ◽  
Shinichi Takagawa
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Engineering Ceramics ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Collapse Strength ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
The Relationship

An underwater vehicle for deep-sea operation should be as light as possible; therefore, development of premium structural materials such as titanium alloy, glass, and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) for external pressure hulls has been ongoing. Engineering ceramics is one of the candidate materials, and the study of engineering ceramics has been underway for many years; however practical applications have been limited.The main purpose of this study is to establish the methodology of fabrication of ceramics pressure hulls for deep-sea submergence services. As the first step, prototypes of the spherical shells were fabricated from engineering ceramics, and their local radii of curvatures and wall thickness were precisely measured. In addition to these measurements, the strain on hemispheres and their collapse strength were measured by pressure tests in order to evaluate the relationship between spherical irregularities and collapse strength. The strength-to-weight ratios of fabricated pressure hulls were significantly higher than that of syntactic foam for deep-sea operations, therefore it is expected that engineering ceramics can be among the promising structural materials for lightening of an underwater vehicle's body.

The thermal conductivity of polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels and xerogels with varied pore sizes for practical application as thermal superinsulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 6525-6531 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hayase ◽  
K. Kugimiya ◽  
M. Ogawa ◽  
Y. Kodera ◽  
K. Kanamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the thermal conductivity, gas pressure and pore size of polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels and xerogels has been investigated for practical applications.

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