The Role of Time in Health IoT

2017 ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Lambert Spaanenburg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Device ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Body Change ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level

As the biological processes in the body change constantly, comparable measurements should be taken simultaneously in time and place. In practice, this is hard to achieve. Synchronicity is required to certify medical accuracy for a new device by reference to a certified one. In a typical health IoT, synchronicity cannot be enforced procedurally and timing needs to be part of the network architecture. Popular examples are in blood pressure measurement. Putting the blood flow in a known pinch-off situation performs synchronization. But this principle cannot be extended to other non-invasive measurements. Hence the chapter proposes to synchronize on basis of the heart rate extracted from the blood flow at arbitrary positions on the body. This models the blood flow in the body and relates all to the rhythm of the heart. It brings existing phenomena into a single, multi-level model that allows wireless networked wearables into a single health-monitoring scheme.

scholarly journals An organ-based multi-level model for glucose homeostasis: organ distributions, timing, and impact of blood flow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilda Herrgårdh ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Elin Nyman ◽  
Gunnar Cedersund
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Original Cell

AbstractGlucose homeostasis is the tight control of glucose in the blood. This complex control is important and not yet sufficiently understood, due to its malfunction in serious diseases like diabetes. Due to the involvement of numerous organs and sub-systems, each with their own intra-cellular control, we have developed a multi-level mathematical model, for glucose homeostasis, which integrates a variety of data. Over the last 10 years, this model has been used to insert new insights from the intra-cellular level into the larger whole-body perspective. However, the original cell-organ-body translation has during these years never been updated, despite several critical shortcomings, which also have not been resolved by other modelling efforts. For this reason, we here present an updated multi-level model. This model provides a more accurate sub-division of how much glucose is being taken up by the different organs. Unlike the original model, we now also account for the different dynamics seen in the different organs. The new model also incorporates the central impact of blood flow on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Each new improvement is clear upon visual inspection, and they are also supported by statistical tests. The final multi-level model describes >300 data points in >40 time-series and dose-response curves, resulting from a large variety of perturbations, describing both intra-cellular processes, organ fluxes, and whole-body meal responses. We hope that this model will serve as an improved basis for future data integration, useful for research and drug developments within diabetes.

Application and In situ calibration of a pulsed-doppler flowmeter for blood flow measurement in crustaceans

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Airriess ◽  
B.R. McMahon ◽  
I.J. McGaw ◽  
G.B. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pulsed Doppler ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Doppler Flowmeter

The pulsed-Doppler flowmeter permits continuous, non-invasive measurement of blood flow through several arteries simultaneously. Summation of volume flow rates through all arteries leaving the heart allows determination of cardiac output, stroke volume, and the percentage of cardiac output delivered to each region of the body. The use of this system for investigating changes in arterial perfusion as well as its calibration in situ are described.

scholarly journals The Role of the Endothelin System in the Vascular Dysregulation Involved in Retinitis Pigmentosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Saverio Sorrentino ◽  
Claudio Bonifazzi ◽  
Paolo Perri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Dysregulation ◽  
Endothelin System

Retinitis pigmentosa is a clinical and genetic group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by alterations of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium leading to a progressive concentric visual field restriction, which may bring about severe central vision impairment. Haemodynamic studies in patients with retinitis pigmentosa have demonstrated ocular blood flow abnormalities both in retina-choroidal and in retroocular vascular system. Moreover, several investigations have studied the augmentation of endothelin-1 plasma levels systemically in the body and locally in the eye. This might account for vasoconstriction and ischemia, typical in vascular dysregulation syndrome, which can be considered an important factor of reduction of the ocular blood flow in subjects affected by retinitis pigmentosa.

Renal Response to Nonshocking Hemorrhage: the Role of Intrarenal Shunts

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan V. N. Goodyer ◽  
Louis R. Mattie ◽  
Allen Chetrick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Renal Innervation ◽  
Aortic Obstruction

In anesthetized dogs, bleeding (1.5–3% of the body weight) was allowed while renal arterial pressure was maintained at constant levels by graded changes of mechanical aortic obstruction. The renal hematocrit decreased, (as measured with I131 albumin and acid hematin, and as compared to the blood hematocrit), primarily as a result of an increased renal plasma volume. These changes are correlated with previously identified alterations of sodium excretion, all independent of renal innervation or arterial blood pressure. It is proposed that hemorrhage may involve an intrarenal redistribution of blood flow favoring diversion of plasma to cell-poor capillaries or to lymphatic spaces.

scholarly journals Face attack in Italian politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bortoluzzi ◽  
Elena Semino
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Italian Politics ◽  
Silvio Berlusconi ◽  
Selection Of

The second largest party in the Italian Parliament, the ‘5-Star Movement’, is led by comedian-turned-politician Beppe Grillo. Grillo is well-known for a distinctive and often inflammatory rhetoric, which includes the regular use of humorous but insulting epithets for other politicians, such as Psiconano (‘Psychodwarf’) for Silvio Berlusconi. This paper discusses a selection of epithets used by Grillo on his blog between 2008 and 2015 to refer to Berlusconi and three successive centre-left leaders. We account for the functions of the epithets in terms of Spencer-Oatey’s (2002, 2008) multi-level model of “face” and of Culpeper’s (2011) “entertaining” and “coercive” functions of impoliteness. We suggest that our study has implications for existing models of face and impoliteness and for an understanding of the evolving role of verbal aggression in Italian politics.

scholarly journals New System Delivering Microwaves Energy for Inducing Subcutaneous Fat Reduction: In - Vivo Histological and Ultrastructural Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 2991-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Zerbinati ◽  
Edoardo D’Este ◽  
Antonia Icaro Cornaglia ◽  
Federica Riva ◽  
Aurora Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
New Device ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been developed a new technology for the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue through a non-invasive treatment by microwaves. The main objective of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilising a non-invasive, localised microwaves (MW) device to induce thermal modifications into subcutaneous adipose tissue only by a controlled electromagnetic field that heats up fat preferentially. This device is provided with a special handpiece appropriately cooled, directly contacting the cutaneous surface of the body, which provides a calibrated energy transfer by microwaves. AIM: In this paper, microscopic and ultrastructural modifications of subcutaneous adipose tissue induced by microwaves irradiation are evaluated. METHODS: Our experimental plan was designed for collecting biopsy samples, for each skin region treated with a single irradiation session, 1) before treatment (control), 2) immediately after treatment, 3) after 6 hrs, 4) after 1 month, 5) after 2 months. Bioptic samples from each step were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. At the same time, each region where biopsies were collected was subjected to ultrasound examination. Recorded images permitted to evaluate the thickness of different layers as epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, connective fasciae, until to muscle layer, and related modifications induced by treatment. RESULTS: In every biopsy collected at different time-steps, epidermis and superficial dermis appeared not modified compared to control. Differently, already in the short-term biopsies, in the deep dermis and superficial hypodermis, fibrillar connective tissue appeared modified, showing reduction and fragmentation of interlobular collagen septa. The most important adipose tissue modifications were detectable following 1 month from treatment, with a significant reduction of subcutaneous fat, participating both the lysis of many adipocytes and the related phagocytic action of monocytes/macrophages on residuals of compromised structures of adipocytes. In the samples collected two months following treatment, the remnants of adipose tissue appeared normal, and macrophages were completely absent. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound, microscopic and ultrastructural evidence are supporting significant effectiveness of the new device treatment in the reduction of subcutaneous fat. In this paper, the possible mechanisms involved in the activation of the monocytes/macrophages system responsible for the removal of adipocytes residuals have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Role of Dopplerography of Renal Vessels in Patients with Late Dysfunction of the Transplanted Kidney

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Yakymenko Volodymyr Viktorovych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transplanted Kidney ◽  
Renal Vessels ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Cadaveric Kidney

Aims: Search for non-invasive methods for diagnosing late transplant kidney dysfunction, which can improve control and monitor the condition of the kidney transplant, characterization diagnostic role of dopplerography of renal vessels in patients with late dysfunction of the transplanted kidney. Study design:  When conducting dopplerometry, blood flow indices were analyzed from 3 to 6 cycles of heart contractions, followed by an averaged indicator. In addition, the linear blood flow velocity was assessed separately from the renal vein. Place and Duration of Study: For the period 2016-2017 Ultrasound of an allopod was performed in 60 recipients of RT (RENAL TRANSPLANT) in the late postoperative period. Methodology: The average age of the patients was 38.89 ± 1.52 years. There were 34 men (56.6 7%), 26 women (43.33%). All patients were divided into two groups: patients with preserved function and patients with RT (RENAL TRANSPLANT) dysfunction. Related kidney transplantation (RRT) was performed in 55.0% of patients, in 45.0% - cadaveric kidney transplantation (CKP). The groups were comparable in the main clinical and demographic parameters. Results: The reverse dynamics was observed when examining the level of the renal filtration function indicator, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (SKF) - at a TAMX level of more than 15 cm/sec, glomerular filtration was 51.18 ± 1.93 (47.32-55.04) ml/min (p <0.01), and with a decrease in TAMX of less than 15 cm/sec, the level of SKF decreased significantly, more than twice, to the level of 25.40 ± 2.19 (21.02-29.78) ml/min <0.001). Conclusion: The determination of dopplerographic parameters for TP with preserved and especially with impaired depuration function with a direct assessment of TAMX opens up wide opportunities in non-invasive assessment of RT (RENAL TRANSPLANT) changes, identification of developing complications, as well as improved transplant survival.

scholarly journals The role of transition dipole phase in atomic attosecond transient absorption from the multi-level model

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 054102
Author(s):  
Guanglu Yuan ◽  
Shicheng Jiang ◽  
Ziwen Wang ◽  
Weijie Hua ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Transition Dipole ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level

Developing attachments to new political institutions: a multi-level model of attitude formation in post-Communist Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Loewenberg ◽  
William Mishler ◽  
Howard Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level

In America and Western Europe, legislatures preceded democratization and contributed to the establishment and maintenance of democratic regimes in the late 18th and the 19th centuries. In Central and Eastern Europe in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, legislatures and democratic regimes appeared simultaneously. In the first 15 years of post-Communist transitions in 12 countries, attachments to the new regimes have been influenced by their institutional structures, their economic performance, and their records in protecting human freedom, while attachment to the new parliaments have been predominantly influenced by cultural factors related to early life socialization including education, age, gender, social status, and attitudes toward the former communist regime. Attachment to parliament was a product more than a cause of attachment to the new regimes, but the parliamentary system of government created a context that contributed to citizens’ attachment to their new political institutions. In that respect, attitudes toward parliaments in Central and Eastern Europe played a role similar to the role that these attitudes played in an earlier stage of democratization in Europe and North America, the role of attaching citizens to new political institutions.

scholarly journals Anatomical predictors of successful prism adaptation in chronic visual neglect

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Lunven ◽  
Gilles Rode ◽  
Clémence Bourlon ◽  
Christophe Duret ◽  
Raffaella Migliaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Visual Neglect ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractVisual neglect is a frequent and disabling consequence of right hemisphere damage. Previous work demonstrated a probable role of posterior callosal dysfunction in the chronic persistence of neglect signs. Prism adaptation is a non-invasive and convenient technique to rehabilitate chronic visual neglect, but it is not effective in all patients. Here we aimed to assess the hypothesis that prism adaptation improves left neglect by facilitating compensation through the contribution of the left, undamaged hemisphere. We assessed the relationship between prism adaptation effects, cortical thickness and white matter integrity in a group of 14 patients with unilateral right-hemisphere strokes and chronic visual neglect. Results showed that patients who benefitted from prism adaptation had thicker cortex in temporo-parietal, prefrontal and cingulate areas of the left, undamaged hemisphere. Additionally, these patients had a higher fractional anisotropy value in the body and genu of the corpus callosum. Results from normal controls show that these callosal regions connect temporo-parietal, sensorimotor and prefrontal areas. Finally, shorter time intervals from the stroke tended to improve patients’ response to prism adaptation. We concluded that prism adaptation may improve left visual neglect by promoting the contribution of the left hemisphere to neglect compensation. These results support current hypotheses on the role of the healthy hemisphere in the compensation for stroke-induced, chronic neuropsychological deficits, and suggest that prism adaptation can foster this role by exploiting sensorimotor/prefrontal circuits, especially when applied at early stages post-stroke.

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