Biologically Based Personality Theories

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-49
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Arousal Theory ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Temperament Theory

In this section, the theoretical background of applied personality theory in presented empirical research will be introduced. Biological bases of personality are thoroughly explored within well-known Eysenck's dimensional personality theory (1967). The main postulations of this theory will be presented with the special accent on biological bases of personality, i.e. extraversion and neuroticism. This will bring light on understanding the arousal theory and Brebner-Cooper's model of extraversion. In addition, Strelau's temperament theory (1983) will be presented, regarding its theoretical postulations, main temperament dimensions and its explanation within the frame of understanding the Central Nervous System functioning.

scholarly journals Asociaciones entre alimentos, flora intestinal y sistema nervioso central

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Angel Eladio Caballero Torres ◽  
Yumy Estela Fernández Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
National Library ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of

  Existe un incremento del interés sobre posibles efectos de la alimentación en el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central, aunque la importancia de esa influencia parece requerir mayores respaldos científicos. Estos señalamientos son motivos para   valorar, sobre la base de los aportes de otros autores, el posible significado de la relación de alimentos, flora intestinal y sistema nervioso. Para cumplir este objetivo fue necesario una búsqueda de informaciones científicas en la US National Library of Medicine sobre este tema, una selección de publicaciones relevantes y análisis de los datos encontrados. Según esas publicaciones, la protección de la inocuidad de los alimentos, probióticos y algunas sustancias químicas de la dieta tienen relación con la composición y funcionamiento de la flora intestinal que puede afectar el eje intestino cerebro y causar alteraciones en el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central. Se acepta que son insuficientes las explicaciones sobre relaciones específicas entre componentes de la dieta y efectos en el sistema nervioso central de los consumidores de alimentos, incluyendo los posibles mecanismos de esas relaciones.   Palabras clave: alimentos, eje intestino cerebro, sistema nervioso central, microbiota intestinal.   Abstract   There is an increased interest in possible effects of food on the central nervous system functioning, although the importance of this influence seems to require more scientific support. These indications are reasons to value, based on the contributions of other authors, the possible meaning of the relationship of food with the intestinal flora and the nervous system. To accomplish this goal, a search of scientific information was necessary for the US National Library of Medicine on this topic, a selection of relevant publications and analysis of the data found. According to those publications, food safety, probiotics and some dietary chemicals has a relationship with to the composition and functioning of the intestinal microbiome that can affect the brain intestinal axis and cause alterations in the functioning of the central nervous system. It’s accepted that explanations about specific relationships between diet components and effects on the central nervous system of food consumers, including the possible mechanisms of these relationships, are insufficient.   Key words: food, intestine brain axis, central nervous system, nutrition, intestinal microbiota.

Cognitive functioning of women in pregnancy and early postpartum

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Płotek ◽  
Marta Czarnecka-Iwańczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Grześkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy and early postpartum is an extremely stressful time in a woman’s life. Emotional and cognitive functioning are mutually interconnected. The psyche also influences the physical health on the functional and physical basis. The physiological hormonal changes adapt woman to the development and labour of a child and reflect in the central nervous system functioning. In the presented manuscript, the basic psychological problems accompanying women in this period, as well as mutual relationships between the hormonal and central nervous systems during pregnancy and early postpartum have been presented.

scholarly journals Asociaciones entre alimentos, flora intestinal y sistema nervioso central

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Angel Eladio Caballero Torres ◽  
Yumy Estela Fernández Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
National Library ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of

  Existe un incremento del interés sobre posibles efectos de la alimentación en el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central, aunque la importancia de esa influencia parece requerir mayores respaldos científicos. Estos señalamientos son motivos para   valorar, sobre la base de los aportes de otros autores, el posible significado de la relación de alimentos, flora intestinal y sistema nervioso. Para cumplir este objetivo fue necesario una búsqueda de informaciones científicas en la US National Library of Medicine sobre este tema, una selección de publicaciones relevantes y análisis de los datos encontrados. Según esas publicaciones, la protección de la inocuidad de los alimentos, probióticos y algunas sustancias químicas de la dieta tienen relación con la composición y funcionamiento de la flora intestinal que puede afectar el eje intestino cerebro y causar alteraciones en el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central. Se acepta que son insuficientes las explicaciones sobre relaciones específicas entre componentes de la dieta y efectos en el sistema nervioso central de los consumidores de alimentos, incluyendo los posibles mecanismos de esas relaciones.   Palabras clave: alimentos, eje intestino cerebro, sistema nervioso central, microbiota intestinal.   Abstract   There is an increased interest in possible effects of food on the central nervous system functioning, although the importance of this influence seems to require more scientific support. These indications are reasons to value, based on the contributions of other authors, the possible meaning of the relationship of food with the intestinal flora and the nervous system. To accomplish this goal, a search of scientific information was necessary for the US National Library of Medicine on this topic, a selection of relevant publications and analysis of the data found. According to those publications, food safety, probiotics and some dietary chemicals has a relationship with to the composition and functioning of the intestinal microbiome that can affect the brain intestinal axis and cause alterations in the functioning of the central nervous system. It’s accepted that explanations about specific relationships between diet components and effects on the central nervous system of food consumers, including the possible mechanisms of these relationships, are insufficient.   Key words: food, intestine brain axis, central nervous system, nutrition, intestinal microbiota.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

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