Solar and Collector Angles

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-66
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Measuring Site ◽  
Solar Receiver ◽  
Solar Elevation Angle

The Sun position determination is required in several solar applications, within them is the Sun tracking. The Sun position is determined in this chapter with reference to the Earth's center and with reference to an observer on the Earth's surface. This procedure allows determining the possible relationships between different solar angles. The determination of the solar rays' incidence angle on the surface of different orientations is very important for determining sunshine duration on this surface as well as global solar radiation received by this surface. The obtained formulas could be used for determining the optimum tilt angle of solar receiver. Some procedures for measuring site latitude, solar elevation angle, solar zenith angle, hour angle and solar azimuth angle are presented. Some devices used in measuring sunshine duration are also described. The main systems of coordinates used in solar tracking are introduced. The provided information will be essential background for different types of Sun tracking.

Design and Implementation of Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System with GSM Fault Reporting Capability

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu En Wu ◽  
Kuo Chan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Azimuth Angle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Solar Tracking

This paper presents a smart dual-axis solar tracking system, its architecture includes sensors, embedded controllers, AC motors, Integrated electric putter design biaxial institutions, and the GSM automatic report of fault notification, to achieve autonomous tracking solar track system and adjust the solar panels to reach the maximum smooth by tracking the solar azimuth angle and elevation angle, and ensure that the solar panels with the sun to maintain the vertical in any time and any place, thus achieving the best power efficiency. This system proposed a dual-axis design, and an embedded controller used as the main system controller to detect voltage difference and determine the solar azimuth angle with four groups of CDS as a sensing element. To lock the sun, the solar panels be perpendicular via the moving of AC motor (EW) and motorized faders (north-south). The control system software using C language can be extremely fast and accurate tracking of the solar angle, and dual-axis operation with recovery mode to save the power loss. Finally, we have the actual analysis and verification of benefit of power generation in this paper, from this experimental results, we can verify the integration of build dual-axis solar tracking system and solar power system have promoted 30% generating power capacity more than fixed solar power system and has low failure rate. It can improve the problem of traditional tracking system reliability and greatly enhance the usefulness of this system.

Research on Embedded Sun-Tracking Control System Based on GPS

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Cheng Gang Zhen ◽  
Guo Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Angle Sensor ◽  
Gps Positioning ◽  
The Core ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Solar Elevation Angle

To improve the efficiency of the power generation，the scheme of the solar tracking system is designed by analyzing the technical characteristics of the GPS positioning system. The microcontroller is chosen as the core which has realized the initiative sun-tracking to improve the efficiency of the power generation. The solar elevation angle and azimuth are calculated by extracting the GPS real-time datas. The position of the solar panels can be obtained through the angle sensor. Finally, adjust the orientation of the panels by the driving stepping motor to track the sun.

scholarly journals Estimating solar radiation according to semi empirical approach of Perrin de Brichambaut: application on several areas with different climate in Algeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Ghodbane ◽  
Boussad Boumeddane
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Receiver ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Inclined Surface

The solar energy reaching a given surface is directly dependent on the orientation thereof and the position of the sun. To get maximum energy from the sun, it is necessary a good solar receiver orientation towards the solar radiation where the solar radiation is perpendicular to the solar collector, so the knowledge of the sun's position over time is a very important thing. The intensity calculate of solar radiation received by an inclined surface is the primary objective of this paper. The study is based on the true solar time, the geographic and astronomical data on-site study. Matlab was the simulation tool, where a program was developed to calculate the daily global solar radiation collected by any geographical site depending on the semi-empirical model of PERRIN DE BRICHAMBAUT. The some applications on different places in Algeria, like El-Oued, Biskra, Blida and Oran in the day of March 21, June 21, September 21 and December 21, and the results obtained were confirmed by comparing them with the previously results published by the researchers is of great competence in this field. Keywords: solar energy, global solar radiation, inclined surface, simulation 

The New Method of Solar Power Generation Using Spin Angle and Elevation Angle Program Control with LabVIEW

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 650-654
Author(s):  
Qi Rong Lu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Qi Lin Tang ◽  
Yu Jian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Control ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Solar Power Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Efficiency ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Angle Deviation

In order to reduce the power consumption of traditional tracking control, this article according to the tracking theory of spin new angle of elevation design of high precision two-axis solar tracking controller based on LabVIEW programming. The main method of control mode to calculate the position of the sun, using the S1337-1010BQ sensor to track the sun angle deviation automatic proofreading. According to the light intensity automatically adjust the reset program, can maximize the more light. After the test, a new tracking method tracking error is reduced, the photovoltaic efficiency is further improved.

scholarly journals Radiation balance diversity on NW Spitsbergen in 2010–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kejna ◽  
Marion Maturilli ◽  
Andrzej Araźny ◽  
Ireneusz Sobota
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Solar Elevation ◽  
Diurnal Course ◽  
Polar Day ◽  
Solar Elevation Angle ◽  
North Western

AbstractThis article presents the results of observations of selected fluxes of the radiation balance in north-western Spitsbergen in the years from 2010 to 2014. Measurements were taken in Ny-Ålesund and in the area of Kaffiøyra, on different surface types occurring in the Polar zone: moraine, tundra, snow and ice. Substantial differences in the radiation balance among the various types of surface were observed. The observations carried out in the summer seasons of 2010–2014 in the area of Kaffiøyra demonstrated that the considerable reflection of solar radiation on the Waldemar Glacier (albedo 55%) resulted in a smaller solar energy net income. During the polar day, a diurnal course of the components of the radiation balance was apparently related to the solar elevation angle. When the sun was low over the horizon, the radiation balance became negative, especially on the glacier. Diurnal, annual and multi-annual variations in the radiation balance have a significant influence on the functioning of the environment in polar conditions.

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Doppler Determinations of Station Positions

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Self Consistent

Locations of Doppler satellite observing stations have been revised to obtain a set which is more self-consistent and more consistent with the CIO pole. Residuals of satellite observations for 1970 have been analyzed using the new coordinates to determine mean and standard errors for five days of observations of latitude versus station, time of day, and elevation angle. The accuracy of the determination of latitude is about 4 meters at moderate and high elevation angles. But since more satellite passes occur at lower elevation angles, the accuracy of determination of a component of position based on five days of observation of one satellite is only about 2 meters.

scholarly journals Solar Climate Features Taking into Account the Morphometric Conditions of the Area and the Possibility of Using Them in Heliotherapy on the Example of the Cieplice and Kołobrzeg Health Resorts (Poland)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Dawid Szatten ◽  
Mirosław Więcław
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Health Resorts

Global solar radiation is an important atmospheric stimulus affecting the human body and has been used in heliotherapy for years. In addition to environmental factors, the effectiveness of global solar radiation is increasingly influenced by human activity. This research was based on the use of heliographic and actinometric data (1996–2015) and the model distribution of global solar radiation to determine the possibility of heliotherapy with the example of two health resorts: Cieplice and Kołobrzeg (Poland). The solar features of health resorts (sunshine duration and global solar radiation) were characterized, and they were correlated with the spatial distribution of global solar radiation data obtained with the use of remote sensing techniques (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyzes-SAGA), including COoRdination and INformation on the Environment (CORINE) land cover (CLC) data. Using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), a qualitative and quantitative relationship between morphometric parameters and solar climate features was demonstrated for individual land cover types. Studies have shown that the period of late spring and summer, due to the climate’s solar features, is advisable for the use of heliotherapy. The human activity that determines the land cover is the main element influencing the spatial differentiation of the possibilities of using this form of health treatment. It also affects topographic indicators shown as significant in the MaxEnt predictive model. In general, areas with high openness were shown as predisposed for health treatment using global solar radiation, which is not consistent with areas commonly used for heliotherapy. The conducted research has shown the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the issue of heliotherapy, which will contribute to the optimization of the use of this form of health treatment from the perspective of climate change and human pressure.

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