Offshore Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-127
Author(s):  
Mavis Sika Okyere
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Major Threat

Fire will always be a major threat to the offshore structure as oil and gas always passes through the installation. The design against accidental fire situation should be included in the structural design of offshore structures in collaboration with safety engineers. The design of offshore structures for fire safety involves considering fire as a load condition, assessment of fire resistance, use of fire protection materials, and so on. This chapter presents a methodology that will enable an engineer to design an offshore structure to resist fire. It aims to highlight the major requirements of design and to establish a common approach in carrying out the design.

A Study on Dynamic Behavior of Offshore Structures Under the Blast Load

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Hee Lee ◽  
Ki Young Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Blast Load ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
High Possibility

Safety verification against blast load is important in offshore structure for oil and gas development which have the high possibility of explosion accident. The structural response against blast is a nonlinear dynamic phenomenon, it is necessary the nonlinear dynamic analysis for accurate structural behavior. But it requires much more computing resource and manpower than conventional linear analysis. Therefore, simple approaches such as modified code check and Biggs’ simplified SDOF have been widely used for the structural verification. These approaches are very useful in design for simplicity and conservativeness. However, they don’t represent proper dynamic characteristics, thus sometimes they may cause excessively conservative. In this paper, the dynamic characteristic of structures beyond the yield point is studied by using nonlinear dynamic FE analysis and more safe and economic approach is suggested.

Evaluation of fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings for steel structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Владимир Ильич Голованов ◽  
Андрей Владимирович Пехотиков ◽  
Владимир Валерьевич Павлов
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Passive Fire Protection ◽  
Actual Fire

Представлены результаты анализа экспериментальной и аналитической оценки огнезащитной эффективности покрытий для стальных конструкций. Обобщены данные многолетних исследований по определению зависимостей от температуры таких теплофизических характеристик, как теплопроводность и теплоемкость. Разработана структурно-методологическая схема выбора огнезащитных покрытий для стальных конструкций в целях обеспечения нормативных требований по огнестойкости. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по определению огнезащитной эффективности терморасширяющихся покрытий на эпоксидной основе при воздействии температурного режима горения углеводородов. Рассмотрен вопрос о гармонизации методики экспериментальной оценки огнезащитной эффективности средств огнезащиты для стальных конструкций с действующими европейскими нормами. Установлены критерии выбора пассивной огнезащиты, зависящие от области применения способов огнезащиты. Steel structures have high strength, relative lightness and durability, but when exposed to high temperatures in a fire, they deform, lose stability and load-bearing capacity. The collapse of load-bearing steel structures can occur in 10-15 minutes after the fire start. The actual fire resistance limit of structures can be increased by using the active and passive fire protection systems. The use of the active system for increasing the actual fire resistance limit is not provided in the regulatory documents. Passive fire protection is a complex of technical solutions including the use of non-flammable materials and bulging compounds. It is also an integral part of the building structure that ensures the required fire resistance limit. Assessment of fire resistance of building structures of residential, public, warehouse and industrial buildings is carried out taking into account the temperature regime (cellulose) of a standard fire. At oil and gas, petrochemical enterprises as well as at oil production platforms fires can occur at combustion of various hydrocarbon fuels which are characterized by a rapid temperature increase to 1100 °C. In this case, in accordance with GOST R EN 1363-2-2014, the temperature regime of hydrocarbon combustion is used to assess the fire resistance of building structures. The fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures is determined by the heating time of the standard I-shaped column without applying a static load on the sample to the average “critical” temperature of the steel of 500 °C. Materials used for fire protection of steel structures must have a good thermal insulation ability, which is estimated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity. When heated to high temperatures, the thermal conductivity coefficient of fire-resistant materials varies depending on their composition and temperature. Based on the analysis of research to determine the fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures there was developed a structural and methodological scheme that allows to make a choice of fire protection. Currently, as a fire protection there are widely used intumescent paints and thermo-expandable coatings. Taking into account the lack of knowledge of the influence of long-term operation and a large number of other technological factors on the fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings of steel structures covered with intumescent paints, it would be right to limit the use of such type of fire protection for load-bearing structures contributing to the overall sustainability of buildings with a required fire resistance of R 30. For fire protection of steel structures of oil and gas facilities located in the open air, in severe climatic conditions and exposed to aggressive environments there is successfully used a thermo-expandable two-component epoxy-based coating. The analysis of experimental data showed that the use of epoxy-based coatings is suitable for metal structures in the open air. In closed rooms the epoxy intumescent coating should not be used because at high temperature in a fire it ignites with toxic combustion products release.

Results From Model Testing of Ice Protection Piles in Shallow Water

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Gu¨rtner ◽  
Joachim Berger
Keyword(s):  
Model Test ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
Drifting Ice ◽  
Ice Model Test ◽  
Gas Fields

The development of oil and gas fields in shallow icy waters, for instance in the Northern Caspian Sea, have increased the awareness of protecting offshore structures by means of ice barriers from the impacts of drifting ice. Protection could be provided by Ice Protection Piles (IPPs), installed in close vicinity to the offshore structure to be protected. Piles then take the main loads from the drifting ice by pre-fracturing the advancing ice sheet. Hence, the partly shielded offshore structure could be designed according to significant lower global design ice loads. In this regard, various configurations of pile arrangements have been model tested during the MATRA-OSE research project in the Ice Model Test Basin of the Hamburg Sip Model Basin (HSVA). The main objective was to analyse the behaviour of ice interactions with the protection piles together with the establishment of design ice loads on an individual pile within the pile arrangement. The pile to pile distances within each arrangement were varied from 2 to 8 times the pile diameter for both, vertical and inclined (30° to the horizontal) pile arrangements. Two test runs with 0.1 m and 0.5 m thick ice (full scale values) were conducted respectively. The full scale water depth was 4 m. Based on the model test observations, it was found that the rubble generation increases with decreasing pile to pile distances. Inclined piles were capable to produce more rubble than vertical piles and considerable lower ice loads were measured on inclined arrangements compared to vertical arrangements. As initial rubble has formed in front of the arrangements, the rubble effect accelerated considerable. Subsequent to the build-up of rubble accumulations, no effect of the pile inclination on the exerted ice loads could be observed. If piles are used as ice barriers, the distance between the piles should be less than 4D for inclined piles and 6D for vertical piles to allow sufficient rubble generation. Larger distances only generated significant ice rubble after initial grounding of the ice had occurred.

ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION PART OF THE PROJECT WITH FIRE PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE SECURITY AT SOCIAL FACILITIES IN THE SERVICE SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
Valeriy Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Technical Solutions

A systematic survey of compliance of the architectural and construction part of the project with fire safety requirements for basic indicators that ensure fire resistance and fire safety of the building was carried out. Engineering and technical solutions to ensure fire safety of the building and protection of people by deterministic factors have been installed. Structural and planning solutions to prevent the spread of fire in the building of the object were diagnosed. Technical solutions are formulated: for evacuation routes and exits, for fire protection and communication systems of the building, for ensuring measures that ensure the successful work of firefighters to extinguish a fire.

Offshore structure design and development

1982 ◽  
Vol 307 (1499) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structure Design ◽  
Offshore Oil

The kinds of technology currently being applied to the design, construction, installation and operation of offshore structures for oil and gas exploration and production are quite sophisticated and include many examples of innovative configurations and approaches. The decade of the 1990s should see further evolution, reinterpretation and improvements of concepts that are already in service or being readied for service. The importance of offshore oil and gas may be judged by the projection that over half of overall exploration investments will go to offshore prospects in future years. This paper surveys some expected evolutions, with particular emphasis on the challenging area of deep-water applications. Some features of a tension leg platform design are discussed as an example of a deep-water oil production system. An attempt is made to recognize the problems of applying advanced engineering and analytical capabilities, when many specialists must interact, to producing a thoroughly engineered design, which is also balanced and economical, for such innovative systems.

Accounting for Climate and Typology of Reuse of Offshore Structures with a Change of Function

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Vladimirovich Dunichkin ◽  
Pavel Kirillovich Kalashnikov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

The new typology of marine facilities deals with the problem of offshore oil and gas fields’ infrastructure usage after their elimination. The influence of climate on offshore structures and the authorities’ requirements in the matter of natural environment protection create huge costs for oil and gas companies, if the abandoned platform will be at sea. The concept of oil platform reconstruction with the change of functionhas allowedto create theoretical model of offshore structure and to identify the most relevant functions for the reconstructed objects. It has led to the following basic groups of architectural typology.

Fire safety assessment and optimal design of passive fire protection for offshore structures

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Shetty ◽  
C. Guedes Soares ◽  
P. Thoft-Christensen ◽  
F.M. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Passive Fire Protection

Onshore Yard Readiness for Upcoming Oil and Gas Offshore Structure Decommissioning Projects in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Amelia ◽  
Jing Shuo Leow ◽  
Bisri Hasyim ◽  
Dega Damara Aditramulyadi ◽  
Hooi Siang Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Heavy Lift ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Waste Handling Facilities

Abstract More than a thousand fixed oil and gas offshore structures were installed in the Southeast Asia region. Indonesia currently has more than 600 offshore oil and gas platforms, nearly half of which need to be decommissioned within the next few years. While the regulators and operators are developing procedures and regulations for the decommissioning process of the offshore platforms, there is also a need to ensure that onshore facilities are available to receive the decommissioned structures and equipment and subsequently process them safely. At the moment, there is no yard in Indonesia that is well-placed to undertake onshore decommissioning activities. The aim of this study is to develop recommendations for yard owners to assure their yards are ready for the upcoming decommissioning projects. Research data was collected directly from field survey in an offshore fabrication yard, owned by PT. Meitech Eka Bintan, Indonesia. In the current study, research data was analyzed by comparing with decommissioning yard facilities in ABLE Seaton Port, United Kingdom which was used as offshore structure decommissioning yard since 1985. Recommendations include the work required to assure the yard comply with respective guidelines and industry best practices. The research begun with identifying the yard's potential to receive onshore decommissioning work based on current primary facilities which are quay and fabrication area properties. After that, a yard modernization assessment was carried out as to identify the best location for the upgrade on the missing required facilities. The results indicate that the primary facilities of the yard are comparable to ABLE Seaton Port with both having similar depth at quayside, capable of mooring barges and Heavy Lift Vessel (HLV), both having liquid containment system at the fabrication area and the large fabrication area at PT. Meitech Eka Bintan yard is sufficient similar to the area utilized by ABLE Seaton Port for Brent Delta topside decommissioning works. However, since the yard's main business is currently on offshore structure fabrication, hence there is a lack of waste handling facilities such as waste handling workshop and covered waste storage area to fulfill the respective guidelines and regulations. A case study was carried out to identify the onshore decommissioning working area and the location of the waste handling facilities on the yard. This study is expected to assist towards improving the readiness of yards to carry out onshore decommissioning not only in Indonesia but also in Southeast Asia region.

scholarly journals Some Approaches to Developing a Test Method for Determining the Actual Fire Resistance Limit of Façade Translucent Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Tatiana Eremina ◽  
Dmitry Korol’chenko ◽  
Mikhail Vasiliev ◽  
Leonid Tanklevskiy ◽  
Mikhail Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Actual Fire ◽  
Fire Flame ◽  
Fire Impact

Based on the analysis of modern construction of high-rise buildings with façade translucent structures (FTS), it was established that the actual fire resistance limit of FTS for high-rise buildings should be assessed. The criterion for loss of fire resistance of a translucent façade is the collapse or fall-out of fragments of the translucent façade filling that contribute to the spread of fire in the building. By analyzing the experience of tests carried out fragments of buildings with FTS with simulated thermal and/or fire (flame torch) effects, the following factors are taken into account: wind loads with variable directions of air flows; access of fire-fighting and rescue units, etc. During full-scale FTS tests, a possible scenario of fire development is simulated, taking into account the fragment and features of the specimen, the fire load that affects the development of fire along the façade, the structural design of the FTS, – glass (conventional and fireresistant) and structural elements. The authors suggest that in order to ensure fire safety of high-rise buildings with FTS the fire-resistance limit assessment should be carried out on fragments of buildings with a simulation of thermal and/or fire impact, which is close to the real conditions.

scholarly journals Offshore petroleum rigs/platforms: An overview of analysis, design, construction and installation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Osamah Sarhan ◽  
Mahdy Raslan
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Fixed Type ◽  
The Cost ◽  
General Guidance

Jacket platforms are one of the most important and regularly used types of offshore structures for oil and gas extraction that have a big impact on the economy of the countries. In this paper, all aspects including design, analysis, construction and installing of the jacket type offshore structure, are summarized and classified. This type of structure is one of the specified platforms for shallow water, and for long term service, it also has the ability to carry large deck loads. This paper aims to present general guidance about the planning, design and construction of offshore jacket (template) platforms. Jacket platforms are fixed type platforms which are attached to the seabed using piles which provide stability against the wind, wave and current loads. Also, this type of offshore platform has a high initial and maintenance cost because of its exposure to corrosion, and cannot be reused after the end of its service period. Jacket platforms are most suitable for shallow water having no better alternative while it has the cost disadvantage for deep water.

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