Space Launchers

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Yuriy Metsker
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Launch Site ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
Human Aspect

Space travel is one of the largest technological efforts and requires careful planning and a systematic approach in every technical and human aspect. In this chapter, a space mission example will be divided into four consecutive phases, starting with payload and launcher definition and ending with the launch of the rocket. The discussion of the first phase provides general considerations of manned and unmanned commercial missions, orbits, and trade-offs for small satellites. The subsequent phase covers transportation issues of the payload to the launch site. The discussion of the payload integration process and launch proceeding complete the technical contribution of the chapter. A rough market overview is presented in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Integration as a way to strengthen the competitive advantages of corporations

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
E. V. Pustynnikova ◽  
V. V. Baklushinsky
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development

The formation, functioning and development of organisations in the conditions of modern realities focuses on the search for the most constructive and effective directions of their development, contributing to the strengthening of competitive advantages. In this direction, as a rule, measures are implemented aimed at adapting to the external and internal conditions of further development. Often, the activities implemented at the micro environment level are focused on cost optimisation, and at the macro environment level, the main attention is paid to strengthening the stability of inter-corporate relations. One of the modern approaches in this direction, which is quite common in economic practice, is the integration process aimed at obtaining a synergetic effect as an additional resource that contributes to strengthening the competitiveness of corporate structures in market conditions. In turn, integration processes determine the need to develop a systematic approach to management not only in the format of a specific corporate structure, but in general, in the format of an economic system consisting of several economic entities interconnected with each other. The purpose of this study is to systematise the management processes of corporate structures that are interconnected by the conditions of mutually beneficial cooperation. 

scholarly journals The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: A Scoping Review Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Nancy Chick ◽  
Lorelli Nowell ◽  
Bartlomiej Lenart
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Scholarship Of Teaching ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol

Scoping reviews offer a rigorous and systematic approach to examining the range and nature of literature in a particular field, identifying the existing literature and highlighting gaps where further exploration is required (Arksey & 0'Malley, 2005; Levac, Colquhoun, & O'Brien, 2010). In this article, we share our scoping review protocol—the explicit, step-by-step description of the plan for conducting the review, published separately and before completing the review. This genre of public documentation of our process is essential in scoping reviews to support careful planning and documentation, enable others to compare the protocol and completed review, support others in evaluating and/or replicating its methods, and encourage collaboration and development of follow-up research on the field (Shamseer et al, 2015).

scholarly journals NanoCarb hyperspectral sensor: on performance optimization and analysis for greenhouse gas monitoring from a constellation of small satellites

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-524
Author(s):  
Silvère Gousset ◽  
◽  
Laurence Croizé ◽  
Etienne Le Coarer ◽  
Yann Ferrec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Error ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Compact Design ◽  
Hyperspectral Sensor

Abstract NanoCarb is an innovative Fourier-transform imaging spectrometer dedicated to the measurement of CO2 and CH4. Both its unusual optical principle and sampling strategy allow to reach a compact design, ideal for small satellite constellation as investigated by the European project SCARBO. The NanoCarb performance assessment as well as a proof of concept is required in this framework. We have developed a design strategy to optimize the performances. We demonstrate the potential of the concept through an estimation of the sensitivity, compliant with the space mission target. We also present a preliminary mitigation of the bias induced by water on CO2 and CH4 retrieval, illustrating the efficiency and the flexibility of the NanoCarb partial interferogram sampling technique. The presented design reaches a sub-ppm random error for CO2 and sub-10 ppb random error for CH4, considering 128 km swath and 2 by 2 km2 ground resolution. Design optimization and more systematic performances are discussed.

scholarly journals Twin Reunions: The Science Behind the Fascination/Twin Research Reports: Altitude and Hypoxia; Twin Pregnancy Outcomes; Space Mission/Media Highlights: Chinese Twins Reunited; Twin Loss Discovered; Hidden Twins; Twin Euthanasia; Twin Savior

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
The Media ◽  
Human Social Behavior ◽  
Chinese Twins

A description of the unique qualitative features of reunions between separated monozygotic twins is presented. The scientific implications of these observations are considered with reference to understanding human social behavior in general. This is followed by summaries of twin research on altitude and hypoxia, pregnancy outcomes, and space travel. Finally, recent accounts of twins in the media are noted; in particular, a rare reunion of adult monozygotic male Chinese twins, a novelist's personal discovery of twin loss, two renowned but ‘hidden’ twins, the moving story of an identical Belgian pair, and a twin savior.

A systematic approach to companion diagnostic development: A case study for omacetaxine (OM) for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (30_suppl) ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
Carol L. Preisig
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Translational Bioinformatics ◽  
Stratified Medicine ◽  
Companion Diagnostics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Companion Diagnostic ◽  
The Impact

100 Background: In the age of genomically informed medicine, therapeutic development carries with it the imperative to employ genomics in patient selection. Physicians expect genomics-based methods to identify treatments likely to be effective, and identify anomalies likely to cause adverse response for a given patient. Companion diagnostics should support such rule-in and rule-out decisions. We demonstrate a systematic approach to companion diagnostics that leverages new methods in translational bioinformatics and clinical economics. CML therapies have been at the forefront of genomically informed medicine. Early TKI inhibitors targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein are highly effective. With time, however, they induce resistance-creating mutations in many patients. Omacetixine, a translation inhibitor, was expected to help this CML patient subpopulation which has few therapeutic alternatives. We use this well-characterized drug and publicly available data to demonstrate a prospective approach to companion diagnostics. Methods: We used translational bioinformatics, incorporating pathway, cell line, and patient data to identify biologically plausible biomarkers from which alternative companion diagnostic paths were constructed. These alternatives were analyzed using a modified version of the MIT Stratified Medicine Model to assess the clinical economics of each path. Results: From a systematic look at the biology of the disease, the unique mechanism of action of OM and the clinical need, we identified 3 alternative companion diagnostics for OM. Economic analyses quantified the trade-offs of targeting different subpopulations for the indication, clarifying the impact of biomarker selection based on clinical need or biology. Other analyses have shown that eNPV can be halved or doubled based on strategy choice. Conclusions: Combining applied translational bioinformatics and stratified medicine economics provides an effective approach to companion diagnostic selection. This approach can reduce drug-development cost and clinical risk while providing physicians with better genomics-based methods for clinical decision-making.

Satellite-on-a-Chip Development for Future Distributed Space Missions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Barnhart ◽  
Tanya Vladimirova ◽  
Martin N. Sweeting
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Distributed Space Systems

A new dimension of space mission architectures is emerging where hundreds to thousands of very small satellites will collectively perform missions in a distributed fashion. To support this architecture, high volume production of femto-scale satellites at low cost is required. This paper reviews current and emerging distributed space systems. A conceptual design of SpaceChip, which is a monolithic “satellite-on-a-chip” based on commercial CMOS technology is detailed. Assessment of the SpaceChip design is given and its use in future distributed space missions is discussed.

Optimal Controlled Variable Selection for Cyber-Physical Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitayo Bankole ◽  
Paolo Pezzini ◽  
David Tucker ◽  
Kenneth Bryden ◽  
Debangsu Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Selection Of

The design of optimal control architectures and the optimal selection of controlled variables represents a critical task for maximizing the economic profitability of operating plants. Traditionally, controlled variables are selected based on heuristics or past experiences. For cyber-physical systems (CPS), where physical and virtual components can be integrated in the same unit to evaluate the dynamic response of innovative power cycles past experiences may not be available. Trial-and-error methods can be time-consuming and costly. Besides, the selected controlled variables may not be optimal from the economic perspective. A systematic approach to the selection of controlled variable for cyber physical systems is presented here. The method is applied to a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-gas turbine (GT) CPS at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, WV. The main result of this work is the synthesis of optimal controlled variable sets for a cyber physical system exhibiting trade offs between economics as well as controllolability of variables.

scholarly journals Synthetic Aperture Radar for Small Satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3435-3440
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Small Satellite ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Antenna Length ◽  
Mass Size

Small satellites are growing because they have shorter development cycles, lower cost, new technologies, and more frequent access to space. Sensors for Small satellites come with trade-offs to allow them fit within the mass, size, power and weight constraints imposed by the platform, these trade-offs between sensor system parameters can affect the mission requirements. Considering traditional SAR mission, each frequency band has different capability of penetration and special image characteristics, so the final SAR application will determine the appropriate bands needed. Small satellites come with constraints on the SAR sensor, so an analysis of SAR sensor system parameters (antenna length, antenna width and average transmitted power) at L, C and X band given a determined performance parameters is presented to analyze the effect of these frequency change on the system parameters and to determine the frequency band that is more suitable to fit within the small satellite SAR sensors constraints.

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