Gender and Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 433-452
Author(s):  
Mononita Kundu Das ◽  
Rituparna Das
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Welfare Implication ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Behavioural Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Unorganized Sector

This chapter examines the welfare implication of wage revisions for two Indian unorganized sector female workers with opposite preference patterns for income and leisure in drought-prone zone. The female workers here face a gender-based wage gap and the inconveniences caused by water shortage adversely affect their effective incomes since females are the major users of water in the family. This chapter also makes a couple of recommendations for policymakers and legislators. It experiments with alternative utility functions in neoclassical microeconomic behavioural model framework.

Gender and Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
Mononita Kundu Das ◽  
Rituparna Das
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Welfare Implication ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Behavioural Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Unorganized Sector

This chapter examines the welfare implication of wage revisions for two Indian unorganized sector female workers with opposite preference patterns for income and leisure in drought-prone zone. The female workers here face a gender-based wage gap and the inconveniences caused by water shortage adversely affect their effective incomes since females are the major users of water in the family. This chapter also makes a couple of recommendations for policymakers and legislators. It experiments with alternative utility functions in neoclassical microeconomic behavioural model framework.

scholarly journals Labor allocation dynamics, problem, and strategy for plantation development in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
S Wahyuni ◽  
S H Susilowati ◽  
R D Yofa ◽  
D H Azahari
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Labor Allocation ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Plantation Development ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Women have important role in farming activities they have and running their household. This paper aims to analyze gender-based working time allocation in farming plantation to support the fifth SDGs “gender equality”. The data source was from a micro panel data survey of the National Farmers Panel (PATANAS) done by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies, Ministry of Agriculture, in 2009 and 2018. The qualitative research was adopted, data analyzed descriptively by comparing results in 2009 and 2018. The results showed that the time allocation for female workers outside the family per hectare in 2018 increased compared to 2009 for sugarcane, rubber, and cacao commodities. The allocation of labor time in women’s families also increased in sugarcane (+ 37%) and rubber (+ 33%) but decreased for cacao (-55%) and oil palm (-42%) because were replaced by labor from outside the family. The allocation of time for labor within the family and outside the family in both 2009 and 2018 was dominated by male workers. Male and female laborer have certain activity in plantation farming and in general wages of male laborers are higher than those of women. In 2009 the labor wage difference was IDR 5,163 and getting higher in 2018 ranging from IDR 6,048 (cacao) to IDR 9,302 (sugarcane). Suggested that to increase the participation of women in plantation farming, special improvement should be addressed to women’s capacities in technical, managerial, wages system and problems of women’s working on plantations which showed increasing labor.

scholarly journals System Dynamics-Multiple Objective Optimization Model for Water Resource Management: A Case Study in Jiaxing City, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhou ◽  
Feier Wang ◽  
Kuan Huang ◽  
Huichun Zhang ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Multiple Objective ◽  
Multiple Objective Optimization ◽  
Model Framework

Predicting and allocating water resources have become important tasks in water resource management. System dynamics and optimal planning models are widely applied to solve individual problems, but are seldom combined in studies. In this work, we developed a framework involving a system dynamics-multiple objective optimization (SD-MOO) model, which integrated the functions of simulation, policy control, and water allocation, and applied it to a case study of water management in Jiaxing, China to demonstrate the modeling. The predicted results of the case study showed that water shortage would not occur at a high-inflow level during 2018–2035 but would appear at mid- and low-inflow levels in 2025 and 2022, respectively. After we made dynamic adjustments to water use efficiency, economic growth, population growth, and water resource utilization, the predicted water shortage rates decreased by approximately 69–70% at the mid- and low-inflow levels in 2025 and 2035 compared to the scenarios without any adjustment strategies. Water allocation schemes obtained from the “prediction + dynamic regulation + optimization” framework were competitive in terms of social, economic and environmental benefits and flexibly satisfied the water demands. The case study demonstrated that the SD-MOO model framework could be an effective tool in achieving sustainable water resource management.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Extramarital Sex Among Nigerian Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kola Oyediran ◽  
Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe ◽  
Bamikale J. Feyisetan ◽  
Gbenga P. Ishola
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extramarital Sex ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based

This study used data on currently married and cohabiting men aged 15 to 64 years from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with extramarital sex. The results show that 16% engaged in extramarital sex in the 12 months preceding the survey and had an average of 1.82 partners. The results also show statistically significant association between extramarital sex and ethnicity, religion, age, age at sexual debut, education, occupation, and place of residence. Based on the study results, it could be concluded that significant proportions of Nigerians are exposed to HIV infection through extramarital sex. A fundamental behavioral change expected in the era of HIV/AIDS is the inculcation of marital fidelity and emotional bonding between marital partners. The promotion of condom use among married couples should be intensified to protect women, a large number of whom are exposed to HIV infection from their spouses who engage in unprotected extramarital sex. And, because of gender-based power imbalances within the family, a large number of the women are unable to negotiate consistent condom use by their partners.

scholarly journals Effect of family stress on life satisfaction among female workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Exploring the roles of anxiety symptoms and age

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110448
Author(s):  
Songli Mei ◽  
Tongshuang Yuan ◽  
Leilei Liang ◽  
Hui Ren ◽  
Yueyang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Negative Effect

The study aimed to investigate the level of life satisfaction (LS) among Chinese female workers after resuming work during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to further explore the potential mediating and moderating roles in the association between family stress and LS. Self-reported questionnaires were completed by 10,175 participants. Results showed that the level of LS decreased. The family stress had a negative effect on LS, and the effect was mediated by anxiety symptoms. Additionally, age moderated the direct and indirect effects within this relationship. Interventions aiming to improve LS should consider these aspects and younger workers should be given special attention.

scholarly journals Aproximación a los enfoques de género e interseccionalidad: aprendizajes significativos en la interacción de estudiantes universitarios con una comunidad indígena del Ecuador / Approach to Gender and Intersectionality perspectives: Meaningful Learning in the Interaction of University Students with an Indigenous Community in Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alejandra Yepez ◽  
Carolina Cedeño ◽  
Eduardo Granja ◽  
Tarquino Yacelga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

ABSTRACTUniversidad de Las Américas (UDLA) -Quito, initiated the "Gender roles in the family environment of the El Topo Commune" project, which aims to promote equitable relationships between men and women, and prevent gender-based violence. In addition, the project seeks to expose and act on inequities and social problems of violence. The study focused on evidencing the learning and changes generated in the students as a result of training, sensitization, and interaction with the El Topo indigenous community.  In this context gender, intersectionality, and community outreach and interculturality are combined in the challenge of promoting meaningful learning (action research).RESUMENLa Universidad de las Américas (UDLA)–Quito, inició el proyecto “Roles de género en el entorno familiar de la Comuna El Topo”, cuyo objetivo es promover relaciones equitativas entre hombres y mujeres, y prevenir violencia de género.  Además, se pretende visibilizar y actuar frente a inequidades y problemáticas sociales de violencia. El estudio se enfocó en evidenciar los aprendizajes y cambios generados en las y los estudiantes a partir de la capacitación, sensibilización e interacción con la comunidad indígena El Topo. En este contexto se conjugan género, interseccionalidad, y vinculación comunitaria e interculturalidad bajo el reto de promover aprendizajes significativos (investigación-acción).

The Teacher Called Me “Okasan”: Experiences of a Non-Japanese Single Father With Bicultural Children and Japanese Education System

10.47908/12/2 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Jon Dujmovich
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Single Fathers ◽  
Japanese Education ◽  
Intercultural Understanding ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Organizational Sensemaking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Intercultural Encounters ◽  
Gender Based

This chapter offers a glimpse into an atypical genre of single-parent family in Japan – a view from the perspective of a single non-Japanese father with young bicultural children. Interactions between the family members and systems of education in Japan can shed new light on cultural gender-based biases and traditionally held stereotypes. The confluence of connections between individual participants, gender role expectations, dominant cultures, and education, are explored in this study through autoethnographic methodology (Ellis et al., 2011; Strauss & Corbin, 1998) and the process of organizational sensemaking-the process by which people give meaning to their collective experiences (Weick, 1995; Weick, Sutcliffe, & Obstfeld, 2005). Educational settings bring together Japan's diversity within one setting, making intercultural encounters routine. Situations where there are perceived microaggressions (Pierce, 1970), cultural bumps (Archer, 1986), as well as examples of ethnocentrism and ethnorelativism (Bennett, M. J., 1998b) are examined and discussed within cultural, gender, and dominant culture privilege (Kimmel & Ferber, 2016; McIntosh, 2003) frameworks. I will make a case that intercultural sensitivity (Bennett, M.J., 1998a), as well as shifting into other perspectives or worldviews, can lead to enhanced intercultural understanding resulting in win-win outcomes. I will make a second case that autoethnography and organizational sensemaking are particularly well-suited methods for initial inquiry into fringe cultures, such as non-Japanese single fathers raising bicultural children.

Does Gender Matter?

2008 ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Paula E. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women’S History

This chapter probes the significant contributions to the understanding of the past, which postmodern criticism that has attributed vital importance to women as a historical subject and to gender as a category of critical analysis. It offers a valuable assessment both of inroads already made by women's history and gender analysis into Jewish historical research. It also invokes distinctions drawn by Gerda Lerner, 'the doyenne of women's history', to categorize both achievements and desiderata in the field of feminism. The chapter reviews compensatory history which focuses on women previously ignored, including gender-based adjustment and refinement of interpretation in areas ranging from the Conversos to the shtetl and from the Holocaust to the family. It tackles areas where women's and gender-sensitive history have the power to transform and reshape the fundamental assumptions of European Jewish history.

Glass Ceilings in Portugal?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women's Role

Despite the evidence of female progress with regard to women’s role in the labor market, gender inequality remains. Women are still less likely to be employed than men, occupational gender segregation continues, and females continue to earn less than males. The gender wage gap remains wide in several occupational sectors, among which is the information technology (IT) sector. This paper focuses the determinants of gender wage inequality. More precisely, it investigates for statistical evidence of a glass ceiling effect on women’s wages. Based on the quantile regression framework, the empirical analysis extends the decomposition of the average gender wage gap to other parts of the earnings distribution. The main objective is to empirically test whether gender-based wage discrimination is greater among high paid employees, in line with glass ceiling hypothesis. Larger unexplained gaps at the top of the wage distribution indicate the existence of a glass ceiling effect in Portugal.

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