Critical Factors for Technology Transfer in Cattle Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 421-440
Author(s):  
Víctor Fernando Torres-Aburto ◽  
Dinora Vázquez-Luna ◽  
Belisario Domínguez Mancera ◽  
Valentín Efrén Espinosa Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Means Of Production

Cattle production plays an important role in economic development and food security. Developed countries have achieved optimum levels of production through the implementation of technologies that have allowed efficient use of resources. In contrast, in the developing countries, despite their suitable means of production, such as large tracts of land dedicated to livestock, and programs of nutrition and health, farmers have not widely adopted reproductive and productive supplementation. Therefore, this chapter explores the main critical factors that limit the transfer of technology in bovine production systems, analyzing the interaction between the models, actors, and means of production.

scholarly journals Analytics of the Technology Transfer Cost Issue

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil A. Hamdani ◽  
M.A. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Transfer Cost ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cost Issue ◽  
Payment Rate ◽  
Technical Services

An increasingly important issue of trade and development is the high cost of the transfer of technology from the developed countries to the develop¬ing world. Rough estimates suggest that payments by developing countries for the use of patents, licenses, trademarks, and managerial and technical services amounted to about SI.5 billion in 1968 [19]. For Pakistan, the issue is of particular importance.1 Based on conservative estimates by Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistan's annual payments for technology transfer in 1965-70 averaged $102 million; this magnitude—again reflecting payments for the use of patented knowledge and technical services only—represents a payment rate of almost 16 percent of annual export receipts [19]. If other costs such as profit repatria¬tion and transfer pricing are included, the payment rate is substantially higher.

Technology Innovation and Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-422
Author(s):  
Pamela Passman ◽  
Betsy Brady ◽  
Bill Guidera
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Benefits

The Bayh–Dole Act has been remarkably successful in promoting the transfer of technology in the USA from federally funded research labs to the private sector. Although other governments are now looking to Bayh–Dole as a model, most of this interest has been limited to developed countries. This article examines the potential benefits of the Bayh–Dole framework for developing countries – both for local industries and to generate revenue for local non-profit research labs. It also proposes initiatives that the USA should undertake to help developing countries to establish the rules and institutional mechanisms necessary to promote technology transfer in their own countries.

Transfer of Technology to Nigeria and the Patents and Designs Act 1970

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
S. K. Date-Bah
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technology Transfer Process ◽  
Transfer Of Technology

The patent system has been claimed to be one of the ways of facilitating the transfer of technology from the industrialised North to the less developed countries of the South. It is by no means the only way in which this can be done. For one thing, not all technology is patented. Also, quite often before a patented process can be successfully worked there is need for the transfer of unpatented know-how along with the technology covered by the patent. Besides, it is not the patent itself which enables the transfer of the technology; rather, by making the title and exclusive rights of the patentee secure, it emboldens him to transfer his technology to others for commercial exploitation. Nevertheless, the patent is an important factor in the technology transfer process. As one United Nations report has put it:

scholarly journals Management of successful technology transfer in agriculture: The case of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-501
Author(s):  
Rui Dinis Sousa ◽  
Ainur Boranbayeva ◽  
Zaira Satpayeva ◽  
Amina Gassanova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Successful Technology

Progress of agriculture is becoming increasingly reliant on the successful application of technology. However, many developing countries depend on technology transfer from other countries to be utilized in large and complex projects in agriculture. This study intends to identify strategic directions for successful technology transfer in developing countries’ agriculture with Kazakhstan as a case study. A SWOT analysis was conducted using Internal Factor Evaluation, External Factor Evaluation, Strategic Position and Action Evaluation, and Quantitative Strategic Planning matrices as analytical methods, based on primary data from interviews and secondary data from reports. With a weight of 52%, opportunities prevail in external factors, with emerging good geographical position, land area latitude, and participation in economic integrations as the most significant ones. On the other hand, internal factors such as emerging low skills in agricultural innovation, insufficient resources in agriculture, old technologies and worn-out equipment, and lack of mechanisms for effective adaptation of foreign technologies to local conditions are indicated as weaknesses, with the percentage of 82%. This study includes twenty-six strategies that were specially designed for technology transfer, and nine of them are considered the most relevant in overcoming internal weaknesses by exploiting external opportunities. Promoting agriculture in an innovative direction, expanding the resource base necessary for technology transfer, and increasing sources of funding for the transfer of technology and the R&D expenditures in agriculture make a top 3 of these strategies. These results will be of interest for policymakers in decision-making on technology transfer in agriculture.

scholarly journals Developing in Investment Environment in Jordan from the Perspective of Jordan Investments Commission

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anhier Al-Froukh
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Means Of Production

Globalization; along with its developed technology and wide opened window has facilitated interaction between countries that surpassed import and export. Attracting foreign investments to a country is an added value which helps in developing the workforce within the country and get use from different experiences that other countries employ. From that point, current study seeks to examine the influence of a group of CSF on the investment environment in Jordan from the perspective of Jordan Investment Commission. In order to achieve the aim of study, (412) questionnaire were distributed on senior managers, managers and tram leaders within JIC. Results of study indicated that foreign direct investment is a real means to achieve a number of objectives, including: decrease unemployment, exploitation of natural resources, contribution to the increase of GDP, the abundance of goods for domestic markets, increased exports, and technology transfer. What is important to us in all this is the transfer of technology from developed countries with direct investments to the host countries of this investment, where the transfer of the most efficient and developed means of production, since the foreign investor is always looking for the greatest return through investments in other countries, Create appropriate conditions for this.

scholarly journals Is Current Research on How Climate Change Impacts Global Food Security Really Objective?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Wangang Liu ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
Xinhua He ◽  
Ping Mao ◽  
Hanwen Tian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Food

Global food insecurity is becoming more severe under the threat of rising global carbon dioxide concentrations, increasing population, and shrinking farmlands and their degeneration. We acquired the ISI Web of Science platform for over 31 years (1988–2018) to review the research on how climate change impacts global food security, and then performed cluster analysis and research hotspot analysis with VosViewer software. We found there were two drawbacks that exist in the current research. Firstly, current field research data were defective because they were collected from various facilities and were hard to integrate. The other drawback is the representativeness of field research site selection as most studies were carried out in developed countries and very few in developing countries. Therefore, more attention should be paid to developing countries, especially some African and Asian countries. At the same time, new modified mathematical models should be utilized to process and integrate the data from various facilities and regions. Finally, we suggested that governments and organizations across the world should be united to wrestle with the impact of climate change on food security.

Agriculture: Food Security and Trade Liberalization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Tangermann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Agreement On Agriculture

In the WTO's Doha Round, agriculture is again at center stage, even though it accounts for no more than a small and declining share of world trade. The Agreement on Agriculture concluded in the Uruguay Round was a huge step forward in the GATT's dealings with agriculture. But more needs to be done. In recent years, agricultural support in several developing countries has increased while developed countries have reformed their farm policies and improved market orientation. One specific problem in the Doha Round negotiations on agriculture is the treatment of public stockholding for food security purposes. A possible solution could come through an amendment of the rules for measuring domestic support, by agreeing that procurement prices below prices prevailing on international markets are not considered "administered prices".

Factors attracting private sector investments in public–private partnerships in developing countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Osei-Kyei ◽  
Albert P.C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Survey Responses

Purpose The increasing demand for public infrastructure has caused a rise in the global adoption of the public–private partnership (PPP) concept. However, over the past years, most of the developing countries have failed to attract more private investments as realised in the developed countries. This paper aims to investigate the critical factors that attract private investments in the PPP markets of developing countries. Design/methodology/approach An empirical questionnaire survey was conducted with targeted international PPP experts from the academic and industrial sectors. The inter-rater agreement analysis, mean score ranking and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyse the survey responses. Findings Results indicate that the three most critical factors are political support and acceptability for PPPs, government positive attitude towards private sector investments and political stability. On the other hand, factors including government guarantees, competent PPP unit and tax rebate on imported equipment are of low importance. The Mann–Whitney U test reveals that experts from the academic and industrial sectors view the importance of three factors differently: adequate public sector experience in PPP, government providing guarantees and government providing tax rebate on imported equipment. Originality/value The research outputs contribute to the existing but limited knowledge on PPP practices in developing countries by providing empirical evidence and cross-cultural perceptions on the conditions that are critical to the expansion of PPP markets in developing countries. It is therefore expected that governments and policymakers seeking to adopt the PPP concept would take into consideration the results and implications to enhance PPP growth.

A snapshot of the successful bio-clusters around the world: Lessons for South African biotechnology

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirvana S. Pillay ◽  
Ramazan Uctu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South African ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China ◽  
Biotechnology Clusters

Development of clusters has been one of the critical factors in the success of many countries in the field of biotechnology. Most of the literature has been focused on the biotechnology clusters in developed countries and much less attention has been paid to the development of biotechnology clusters in developing countries. The aim of this research is to exploit the successful bio-clusters in selected developing countries such as Brazil, Cuba, India and China and to learn some lessons for South African bio-clusters. Research found that government played a critical role in creating successful bio-clusters in these developing countries. In South Africa there is evidence of emerging clusters in the Gauteng and Western Cape regions, based on the number of companies concentrated within the regions. With strong government support, these regions could be an important biotechnology hub in Africa continent.

scholarly journals Eco-efficient approaches to land management: a case for increased integration of crop and animal production systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1491) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Eco-efficiency is concerned with the efficient and sustainable use of resources in farm production and land management. It can be increased either by altering the management of individual crop and livestock enterprises or by altering the land-use system. This paper concentrates on the effects of crop sequence and rotation on soil fertility and nutrient use efficiency. The potential importance of mixed farming involving both crops and livestock is stressed, particularly when the systems incorporate biological nitrogen fixation and manure recycling. There is, however, little evidence that the trend in developed countries to farm-level specialization is being reduced. In some circumstances legislation to restrict diffuse pollution may provide incentives for more diverse eco-efficient farming and in other circumstances price premia for produce from eco-efficient systems, such as organic farming, and subsidies for the provision of environmental services may provide economic incentives for the adoption of such systems. However, change is likely to be most rapid where the present systems lead to obvious reductions in the productive potential of the land, such as in areas experiencing salinization. In other situations, there is promise that eco-efficiency could be increased on an area-wide basis by the establishment of linkages between farms of contrasting type, particularly between specialist crop and livestock farms, with contracts for the transfer of manures and, to a lesser extent, feeds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document