Teachers for the New Millennium

2011 ◽  
pp. 1757-1760
Author(s):  
James Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
New Millennium

They say if you drop a live frog into a pot of boiling water, it will jump right out. But, if you place the same frog into a pot of water at room temperature and then gradually raise the flame under it, the frog will not notice the changes and remain in the pot until it is cooked.

Teachers for the New Millennium

2011 ◽  
pp. 2040-2043
Author(s):  
James Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Millennium

They say if you drop a live frog into a pot of boiling water, it will jump right out. But, if you place the same frog into a pot of water at room temperature and then gradually raise the flame under it, the frog will not notice the changes and remain in the pot until it is cooked. Now, you might ask, what is the connection between a frog in a pot and what a millennium teacher should know and be able to do? My view of the connection is that there are events and processes happening around us every day. Most of the time, we do not pay them much attention because they occur so frequently or gradually that from moment to moment they do not seem to signify very much—like the gradually rising temperature in the pot of the cooking frog. Once in a great while, a potentially transformative event occurs and it makes us jump: September 11, Columbine, sending a man to the moon, or Y2K hysteria. Usually though, we conduct our routines and make our way through the day or the semester and tend to rely on the comfort of the familiar, seemingly unchanging, landscape. Yet, were we to carefully study and reflect upon that landscape, we might discern important trends that hold meaning for how we conduct ourselves presently, and in the future.

Effect on Vulcanized Rubber Compounds of Immersion in Boiling Water

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-436
Author(s):  
K. J. Soule
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Actual Change

Abstract Further work is very desirable on the effect of different accelerators, antioxidants, and fluxes. It is possible that their study will throw more light on the mechanism of the swelling phenomena, and also help to explain the anomalous behavior of some of the fillers tested. It would also seem to be worth while to study the action of a few selected stocks in water, at several temperatures between room temperature and 100° C., to determine if the water absorption and swelling merely increase with rising temperatures, or whether there might be an actual change in behavior at different temperatures.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Cu-Al-Mn Shape Memory Alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabha Majumder ◽  
Vybhavi Shivakumar ◽  
A.G. Shivasiddaramaiah ◽  
C. Shashishekar ◽  
U.S. Mallikarjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
Step Quenching

In recent days, it is being found that shape memory alloys can be used in the medicinal field which helps to alleviate numerous disabilities in people. The Shape memory alloy are evaluated for biocompatibility in present work. The objective is to determine the biocompatibility of Cu-Al-Mn SMAs using the alloy of composition 10-14 weight. % Aluminium (Al), 5-9 weight% Manganese (Mn) and rest copper (Cu) through ingot metallurgy in a constrained atmosphere. The casted samples were homogenisation at 900°C for one and half hours and then rolled at 900°C. The rolled specimens were betatized for half an hour at 900°C followed by Step quenching in boiling water (100°C) and quenching in water at room temperature (30°C). They are cut to the dimension of 10 mm * 10mm * 1mm (breadth*length*height) and then effect of shape memory on obtained alloy was assessed. In continuation, in order to understand the biocompatibility of obtained alloy, the samples were analysed for antibacterial movement by turbido-metric process. The microorganisms utilized for biocompatibility are S.aureus and E.coli. The outcomes showed remarkable biocompatibility with the inference that it can be employed for invitrouses.

USE OF TIME-TEMPERATURE EVALUATIONS IN DETECTING THE RESPONSIBLE VEHICLE AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS1

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Bryan ◽  
Thomas W. McKinley ◽  
Byron Mixon
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Cooked Meat

An investigation of an outbreak of Clostridium perfringens foodborne illness indicated that turkey or dressing prepared in a school kitchen was responsible. When turkey was again prepared in the kitchen, a bacteriological survey and a time-temperature evaluation were made of the thawing, cooking, chilling, and reheating to which the turkey, stock, or dressing were subjected. During thawing of 22-lb. turkeys in plastic wrappers and in paper bags at room temperature for 18 hr, neither internal nor surface temperatures reached a level at which C. perfringens could grow. Cooking the turkeys in a steamer or in a pot of boiling water raised internal temperatures to a level lethal to vegetative cells. The stock (in gallon jars and a large rectangular pan) and deboned meat (in similar pan) were stored overnight in a reach-in refrigerator. During storage the temperature of both were within a range so that C. perfringens spores could germinate and its vegetative cells multiply for 7–9 hr. The stock was later used in dressing, which when baked, reached internal temperatures known to destroy vegetative cells of C. perfringens. Meat and gravy, when reheated, did not reach such levels. Clostridium perfringens, Staphylocoocus aureus, and Salmonella were isolated from raw turkey; C. perfringens was isolated from cooked meat, stock, and kitchen equipment. Nine recommendations for heat destruction of vegetative cells, inhibition of bacterial growth during storage, and cleaning and sanitizing equipment are made. These recommendations will help prevent foodborne illness whenever turkey and dressing are prepared.

Organothallium Compounds. XV. Thallation of Polyfluoroaromatic Compounds

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Deacon ◽  
D Tunaley
Keyword(s):  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Organothallium Compounds

Thallic trifluoromethanesulfonate has been prepared by reaction of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid with either thallic oxide or solutions of thallic trifluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid, and has been isolated as the trihydrate on crystallization fromnitromethane. The polyfluoroarenes,p-CH3OC6F4H, p-CH3C6F4H, m-H2C6F4, o-H2C6F4, p-H2C6F4, C6F5H, 1,3,5-F3C6H3 or 1,2,4-F3C6H3, have been thallated by thallic trifluoromethanesulfonate in trifluoroacetic acid, giving the corresponding poly- fluorophenylthallium(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonates), which have been characterized spectroscopically and by conversion into the corresponding (polyfluoro)iodobenzenes on treatment with sodium iodide. Only slight thallation of m-BrC6F4H and m-O2NC6F4H was observed. By contrast with thallic trifluoromethanesulfonate, thallic trifluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid induced little thallation of the most reactive polyfluorobenzene, p-CH3OC6F4H. Thallic trifluoromethanesulfonate also thallated p-CH3OC6F4H in nitromethane, sulfolane, and with the substrate as solvent, but p-CH3C6F4H failed to react. Treatment of the polyfluorophenylthallium(III) bis(trifluoromethane- sulfonates) with boiling aqueous sodium acetate caused symmetrization into the corresponding acetatobis(polyfluorophenyl)thallium(III) compounds. A similar reaction between 2,4,6-trifluoro- phenylthallium(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) and sodium acetate at room temperature yielded 2,4,6-trifluorophenylthallium(III) diacetate. 2,3,4,6-Tetrafluorophenylthallium(III) bis(trifluor0- methanesulfonate) was converted by boiling water into bis(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)thallium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate.

Techniques of Quickly Breaking Seed Dormancy of Tilia amurensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 678-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Hai Na ◽  
Hai Nan Wang ◽  
Hai Long Shen ◽  
Li Xue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Tilia Amurensis ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Water

This paper proposed an orthogonal design L27(313) with four factors(seeds shucked off pericarp, dipped in water, GA3 treatment, 6-BA treatment and stratification)and three levels based on the dormancy of Tilia amurensis seed. The optimal way for quikly breaking seed dormancy was obtained. That was: 1)shucking off the pericarp; 2)scalding seeds for 2s with 100°C boiling water, then soaking in room temperature water for 24h; 3)soaking in 100 mg•L-1 GA3 and 6-BA solution, respectively for 24h; 4)stratification in varying temperature (10-15°C)for 5d, then in low temperature(0-5°C)for 15d. The germination rate of T. amurensis seed could get to 70.2% by above treatment and germination time was shortened to 30 days which was greatly improved compared to previous study.

Loop Studies Addressing the Hydraulic Impact From the Presence of Part-Length Fuel Rods Within a BWR Fuel Element, Using Water and Air-Water Mixtures at Room Temperature and Low Pressure

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Sadeghi ◽  
Jan Blomstrand ◽  
Guillermo Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Element ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Thermal Hydraulics ◽  
Fuel Rods ◽  
Water Reactor ◽  
Hydraulic Impact ◽  
Fuel Assemblies

There are a number of reactivity incidents which could possibly occur at low pressure in boiling water reactor (BWR) cores, and some of them may cause local boiling — entailing reactivity feed-back. Unfortunately, theoretical studies of events of this nature are somewhat hampered by the dearth of knowledge about the thermal-hydraulics involved. The research presented here addresses one particular aspect of this issue: how is BWR core thermal-hydraulics — at low pressure — affected in such fuel assemblies where some full-length rods have been replaced by part-length rods?

Preparation and Cross-Linking Properties of VAc/DAAM Copolymer Emulsion

2019 ◽  
Vol 953 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Yun Xiao Zang ◽  
Xiao Hui Wang ◽  
Li Ming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
High Solid Content ◽  
Polymer Emulsion ◽  
High Solid ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Storage

A new type of polymer emulsion was prepared by the copolymerization of DAAM and VAc monomer with high solid content and storage stability. By addition of ADH (ketonic hydrazide cross-linking reaction), the polymer emulsion can be cross-linked at room temperature. It was found that the degree of cross-linking of the polymer reaches 71.85%, and the resistance to boiling water reaches 180min at the maximum of DAAM of 2% and DAAM / ADH = 1/1.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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