Global Sourcing

2011 ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Ashima Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Diffusion Of Benefits ◽  
Short Run ◽  
And Training

This chapter shows that ICTs make possible a more inclusive global trade, since now labour intensive components of production can be unbundled and sent where it is cheaper. The new mobility of virtual labour, together with the rise in capital mobility, will lead to a wider diffusion of benefits. ICTs reduce frictions and search costs in labour markets, and allow access to new hitherto excluded segments, whether firms or workers in developing countries or women. The smaller scale of efficient production induces more entry of new firms, thus raising wages and employment more than profits, and benefiting workers. Higher levels of employment and learning-by-doing can, in turn, induce more labour using technological progress and further raise both productivity and wages. Policy that targets education and training of workers and reduces barriers to the entry of new firms can minimize underinvestment and short-run job loss for developed country workers.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MONEY ON OUTPUT IN CZECH REPUBLIC AND ROMANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela SIMIONESCU ◽  
Adam P. BALCERZAK ◽  
Yuriy BILAN ◽  
Anna KOTÁSKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Vector Error Correction Models ◽  
The Impact

The problem of relationship between output and money has become again a subject of special interests of economists after the most recent global financial crisis and monetary stabilization policies applied by central banks of almost all developed economies. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to assess the relation between GDP and the most important monetary variables in two countries: Romania and Czech Republic over the period of 1995:Q1 – 2015:Q4. The choice of these economies was deliberate. The selected countries are different from the viewpoint of rate and results of transformation from the centrally planned to market economy, which have influenced their current economic environment stability. Czech Republic is currently classified as middle or even developed country, whereas Romania is still considered as a developing economy. Thus, differences between these two countries make them interesting in the case of comparative studies. In the empirical part of our research the vector error correction models (VECM) were applied. The main findings of the article are the following: in Romania, there is a short-run causality from money supply (M3) to GDP and a long-run relationship between GDP, internal credit and M3. According to Granger causality test, the rate of M3 in Romania was a cause for economic. In Czech Republic, there is a short-run causality from M3 to GDP and a long-run causality between GDP, internal credit and M3. Thus, the results contradict the money neutrality hypothesis in post-transformation Central European economies.

scholarly journals The Cost of Job Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1757-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Burdett ◽  
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela ◽  
Melvyn Coles
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Wage Formation ◽  
Optimal Contracting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
German Data

Abstract This article identifies an equilibrium theory of wage formation and endogenous quit turnover in a labour market with on-the-job search, where risk averse workers accumulate human capital through learning-by-doing and lose skills while unemployed. Optimal contracting implies the wage paid increases with experience and tenure. Indirect inference using German data determines the deep parameters of the model. The estimated model not only reproduces the large and persistent fall in wages and earnings following job loss, a new structural decomposition finds foregone human capital accumulation (while unemployed) is the worker’s major cost of job loss.

scholarly journals The Violent Consequences of Trade-Induced Worker Displacement in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Dell ◽  
Benjamin Feigenberg ◽  
Kensuke Teshima
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Worker Displacement ◽  
Criminal Organizations

Mexican manufacturing job loss induced by competition with China increases cocaine trafficking and violence, particularly in municipalities with transnational criminal organizations. When it becomes more lucrative to traffic drugs because changes in local labor markets lower the opportunity cost of criminal employment, criminal organizations plausibly fight to gain control. The evidence supports a Becker-style model in which the elasticity between legitimate and criminal employment is particularly high where criminal organizations lower illicit job search costs, where the drug trade implies higher pecuniary returns to violent crime, and where unemployment disproportionately affects low-skilled men. (JEL F16, J24, J64, K42, L60, O15, R23)

scholarly journals OC 8718 WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM PANACEA 1 CLINICAL TRIALS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A17.2-A17
Author(s):  
Nyanda E Ntinginya
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Phase Ii Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Learning Through Experience ◽  
And Training

BackgroundThe Pan African Consortium for the Evaluation of Anti-Tuberculosis Antibiotics (PanACEA) was designed to build clinical tuberculosis (TB) trial capacity whilst conducting clinical trials on novel and existing agents to shorten and simplify TB treatment. One of the objectives was to conduct, mentor and monitor observational and clinical studies at sites in 6 Sub-Saharan TB-endemic countries (Gabon, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia)MethodsLearning through experience. All centres in the 6 countries self-assessed their requirements for capacity development in the following fields: a) clinical staff availability and experience; b) TB laboratory infrastructure and staff; c) safety laboratory infrastructure and staff; d) clinical site facilities and equipment; e) pharmacy facilities and staff; IT facilities; and f) overall training needs of site personnel.ResultsFrom March 2011 – June 2014, we conducted four epidemiological studies (characterising TB patient populations in preparation for future studies) and five phase II studies (GCP standard intervention trials).By working together in epidemiological and clinical trials, the sites identified their needs for resources and training as well as developing capabilities to perform independent large-scale TB clinical trials beyond PanACEA-initiated trials. Through the ReMoxTB study, for example, laboratories were brought to an international standard for safety and mycobacterial expertise. Furthermore, through developing skill-sets related to EBA studies, sites have since then attracted other sponsors for further studies.Sites could be mentored to perform GCP-compliant clinical TB trials that is built on sound physical infrastructure, training and strong on-site leadership.ConclusionThe learning-by-doing approach meant that staff could be trained whilst acquiring new core competencies and revealing operational gaps. Our experience of conducting TB trials within an environment of mentoring, networking and training has provided a platform for establishing future sustainable research centres that has capacities to conduct highly regulated studies.

Capital Mobility, Job Loss, and Union Strategy

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Danford ◽  
Mike Richardson ◽  
Paul Stewart ◽  
Stephanie Tailby ◽  
Martin Upchurch
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Job Loss

Short-run effects of parental job loss on children's academic achievement

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Huff Stevens ◽  
Jessamyn Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Short Run

Capital Mobility, Consumption Substitutability and the Effects of Monetary Policy in Open Economies

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pierdzioch
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
International Capital ◽  
International Capital Mobility ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Optimizing Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract I use a dynamic general equilibrium two-country optimizing model to analyze the implications of international capital mobility for the short-run effects of monetary policy in an open economy. The model implies that the substitutability of goods produced in different countries plays a central role for the impact of changes in the degree of international capital mobility on the effects of monetary policy. Paralleling the results of the traditional Mundell-Fleming model, a higher degree of international capital mobility magnifies the short-run output effects of monetary policy only if the Marshall-Lerner condition, which is linked to the cross-country substitutability of goods, holds.

Team microfranchising as a response to the entrepreneurial capacity problem in low-income markets

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Camenzuli ◽  
Kevin McKague
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Training

Purpose – Drawing on a qualitative study of youth microfranchising in the Tanzanian computer sales, service, and training sector, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges and advantages of a team-based approach to owning and operating a microfranchise business in the context of a least developed country. However, disadvantaged entrepreneurs typically still lack a critical mass of specialized technical skills and general managerial skills to manage a differentiated and competitive microenterprise business. A team-based approach to microfranchising can allow for combining specialized skills among more than one business owner; however, the potential risks and opportunities of team-microfranchising have not been studied. This study makes a contribution toward filling this gap by identifying five challenges and five advantages of team microfranchising which provide guidance for future research and practice. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative data (interviews, observation and archival documents) were analyzed from an in-depth case study of youth microfranchising in the Tanzanian computer sales, service and training sector. Findings – Results revealed that microfranchise businesses in sectors that require multiple complementary higher-level skills are suited to a team microfranchise approach. Findings suggest that the greater the limitations on franchisee skills and the more pronounced the lack of public goods and institutions, the greater the potential for team microfranchising to overcome the entrepreneurial capacity constraints and institutional voids in low-income market contexts. Further, team-based microfranchises may be able to compete more effectively in sectors where economies of scale are not a significant factor, such as service industries and small-scale niche manufacturing. Also identified are five potential challenges and five areas of opportunity for practitioners seeking to implement a team-microfranchise approach. Research limitations/implications – The current study examined microfranchising among teams of youth in the Tanzanian computer sales and service sector. Further research could examine team microfranchising among other demographic groups in different sectors and the different regulatory, institutional and cultural contexts of other regions and countries. Social implications – If developed effectively in the right contexts, the team-based approach to microfranchising can potentially double the job-creation impacts of microfranchising ventures. Originality/value – This study is the first to assess the viability and boundary conditions of a team-based approach to microfranchising.

scholarly journals Indonesia-Germany Cooperation in Vocational Education and Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Astrid Wiriadidjaja ◽  
Lelly Andriasanti ◽  
Andrea Jane
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
And Training

To reduce the unemployment rate, Indonesia has focused since 2007 on the development of Vocational Education and Training (VET). VET is one of solutions that would enhance human resources quality in Indonesia, which has 262 million people. However, the number of unemployed graduates from vocational education is still high until 2019. It means there is something wrong in Indonesia’s current VET system. Meanwhile in Germany, VET is a pillar of national education which is based on a dual system. This system is successful in Germany. As one of the biggest donor countries in promoting VET, Germany tries to introduce a dual education system through bilateral relations with developing countries such as Indonesia. Indonesia seems to need to try to develop VET base on dual education system through cooperation with Germany. Thus, the research question of this article is “why does Indonesia need to make a co-operation with Germany in developing VET based on a dual education system?’ To answer the research question, this paper uses qualitative method which results in the following conclusion: Cooperation with Germany would open the opportunity for abundant human resources in Indonesia to fulfill a huge labor demand in Germany particularly and Europe in general. Moreover, the cooperation makes Indonesia gain support in developing the VET system in this country and get transfer of knowledge and technology from Germany as a developed country

scholarly journals Are EU Members’ Economies an “Engine” of the EU Candidates’ Economies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Marija Radulović ◽  
Milan Kostić
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Research background: Economic relations between countries members of the EU and EU candidates are very strong. Germany and France have the leading economies of the EU, are in the top ten economies worldwide, and drivers of EU development. Serbia has strong economic relations with Germany and France, especially with Germany. Therefore, it is necessary to examine whether Germany and France impact the development of Serbia. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine if there is a positive influence of a developed country on a developing country. The aim of the paper is to determine whether there is a long- and short-term positive relationship between Germany and France (EU members) and the Serbian economy (EU candidate). Research methodology: A Vector Error Correction Model is used to analyze quarterly data from 2002Q2 to 2018Q2. Results: The results showed a statistically significant long-term relationship between Germany and France and Serbia’s real GDPs, so EU members have a long-term positive impact on the economy of EU candidates. In the case of the French, there is a short-run positive impact on the Serbian economy. For Germany, it is not the case. Novelty: This paper fills the literature gap about the influence of a developed country on a developing country. Recommendations for policymakers in EU candidates could be that if they want to motivate people to accept the process of access to the EU, they must provide them with more information about long-run economic benefits from the association to the EU.

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