Nation-Wide ICT Infrastructure Introduction and its Leverage for Overall Development

Computer Network ◽

National Level ◽

Academic Community ◽

The State ◽

Research Network ◽

State Budget ◽

Ict Infrastructure

This paper describes 10 years of efforts in introducing the state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICT) and development of ICT infrastructure on the national level. The aim of the project was to build Internet in Croatia and to foster its leverage in the broad range of activities of public interest in the society as a whole. The prime target group was academic and research community, as a vehicle for the overall development in the society. Croatian Academic and Research Network (CARNet) had been started as a project in 1991, and, after five years, it was transformed into a government agency. A broad range of activities had been started, from building and maintaining private nation-wide communication and computer network to information services, user support, education, pilot projects and promotion. The academic community has been treated not only as the main customer, but also as an active partner in developing and providing services. CARNet has been fully funded by the state budget for 10 years, without any participation of the commercial sector, domestic donations or international financial support. Although CARNet is treated as Croatian success story, recognized inside and outside of the country, the question is whether the initial goals have been realistic and achievements sufficient, considering the low penetration of ICT into the Croatian society. Likewise, budget cuts, continuous struggle for political recognition and authority, as well as fights with national telecommunication monopoly, have created an array of questions to be answered at the beginning of the second decade of this highly ambitious endeavor.

Cases on Information Technology Series - Annals of Cases on Information Technology ◽

Nation-Wide ICT Infrastructure Introduction and its Leverage for Overall Development

10.4018/978-1-59140-061-5.ch037 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 585-607

Author(s):

Predrag Pale ◽

Jesanka Gojsic

Keyword(s):

Computer Network ◽

National Level ◽

Academic Community ◽

The State ◽

Research Network ◽

State Budget ◽

Ict Infrastructure

This paper describes ten years of efforts in introducing the state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICT) and development of ICT infrastructure on the national level. The aim of the project was to build Internet in Croatia and to foster its leverage in the broad range of activities of public interest in the society as a whole. The prime target group was academic and research community, as a vehicle for the overall development in the society. Croatian Academic and Research Network (CARNet) had been started as a project in 1991, and, after five years, it was transformed into a government agency. A broad range of activities had been started, from building and maintaining private nation-wide communication and computer network to information services, user support, education, pilot projects and promotion. The academic community has been treated not only as the main customer, but also as an active partner in developing and providing services. CARNet has been fully funded by the state budget for ten years, without any participation of the commercial sector, domestic donations or international financial support. Although CARNet is treated as Croatian success story, recognized inside and outside of the country, the question is whether the initial goals have been realistic and achievements sufficient, considering the low penetration of ICT into the Croatian society. Likewise, budget cuts, continuous struggle for political recognition and authority, as well as fights with national telecommunication monopoly, have created an array of questions to be answered at the beginning of the second decade of this highly ambitious endeavour.

Role of e-states in providing of informational security

Law Review of Kyiv University of Law ◽

10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.79 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 401-406

Author(s):

Aytakin Ibrahimova

Keyword(s):

Electronic State ◽

Public Services ◽

National Level ◽

The State ◽

Public Access ◽

Electronic Environment ◽

Short Period ◽

Information And Communication

Changes and innovations began in information society have affected to economic, social, political and cultural life. Notion of new state; model of e-state begins to gain importance as a result of formed changed in area of managment. Notion of traditional state managment has been replaced with the notion of state managment holding features of clearness, transperancy, convenient, rapidity and effectivness as a result of establishment of e-state. The relocation of information technology in public services to the electronic environment has led to changes in e-government management. That’s why, in the recent time, application of e-state has been widely widespreaded in area of state regarding the international and national level. Governments around the world, taking advantage of growing information and communication technologies, initiate projects to develop political norms aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration. During this time, the efforts of governments are also supported by international organizations. The emphasis of this problem on the part of both international and national structures has led to the fact that, along with the services of the electronic state, various methods of their technological and political characteristics are being formed. In this context, the problem of the electronic state in both the conceptual and applied aspects has been widely discussed and used in many scientific studies and literature for a short period of time. Thanks to the electronic state, which means the provision of public services in the electronic environment, public access to services is becoming faster and cheaper. E-government is also explained as the provision of public services to citizens through information and communication technologies. Although the electronic state is considered as a new concept, the means that determine the novelty of the electronic state are associated with the methods and characteristics used that underline this concept. The concept of the state still retains its original purpose. The only new thing here is how and in what ways the electronic state fulfills its function, in contrast to the traditional one. Consequently, the electronic state is actually considered as a model that emphasizes the structural state of the state, and not as an approach based on the continuation of the traditional state. We can say that the electronic state is not just a government website, but all that exists within the framework of political, social, economic and technological means.

Valodu apguve: problēmas un perspektīva : zinātnisko rakstu krājums = Language Acquisition: Problems and Perspective : conference proceedings - Valodu apguve: problēmas un perspektīva = Language Acquisition: Problems and Perspective ◽

Lecturers’ Role in Design and Implementation of E-Learning Processes

10.37384/va.2020.16.287 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 287-298

Author(s):

Mārtiņš Spridzāns

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

English Language ◽

The State ◽

Ict In Education ◽

Policy Documents ◽

Strategic Approach ◽

E Learning

The potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is playing increasing role in various pedagogical contexts. The necessity to integrate technologies in learning enhances educators’ digital competences is constantly highlighted in education policy documents European Union and national strategic documents and recommendations. Following the advance of digital technologies, the State Border Guard College of Latvia is constantly looking after innovations in ICT and education contexts. Since 2011 Specialized English language e-learning course for border guards is being implemented, other professional e-learning courses are being systematically introduced, currently 8 specialised qualification courses are available, on average 300 border guards graduate e-learning courses annually. Having in mind the continuous advancement of ICT in education contexts as well as the strategic approach of the State Border Guard College to continue the development of e-learning systems author of this article intends to describe the system of e-learning used in border guards’ training, explore and summarize the theory and best practices on using ICT in pedagogical context, educators’ roles in development and implementation of e-learning courses.

Upotreba interneta u obrazovanju odraslih: istorijsko-organizaciona perspektiva

Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education ◽

10.53617/issn2744-2047.2017.17.1_2.35 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 35-52

Author(s):

Bojan Ljuijić

Keyword(s):

Adult Education ◽

Computer Network ◽

The Internet ◽

Other Information ◽

Educational Computer ◽

Internet In Education ◽

Historical Periods

Beside the fact that the Internet was not primarily educational network (it didn’t emerge from the intention to be systematically used in the field of education), shortly after it emerged, possibilities of its application in education were recognised. This paper is dedicated to analysis of the most important chronological moments (technological and social in the first place) that were crucial in sense of comprehensive application of the Internet in service of education in general, but also in service of adult education. Having all mentioned in focus, in more details, we analysed emergence and development of the Internet observed as educational computer network in frame of general development of information and communication technologies. While realising mentioned analysis, our focus was on four historical periods of educational computer technologies. We also intended to emphasize the activities of international institutions that followed, encouraged and supported the development of the Internet use and the use of other information and communication technologies in the field of education. According to that, we distinguished the main moments referring activities of these organisations which describe in the best manner their contributions to growing application of the Internet in education in general, but also in adult education.

Kybernetická bezpečnosť – analýza legislatívneho prostredia Slovenskej republiky a aktivít na národnej a medzinárodnej úrovni

Vojenské reflexie ◽

10.52651/vr.a.2021.1.47-60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60

Author(s):

Michaela Šimonová ◽

Keyword(s):

Cyber Security ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

The State ◽

Security System ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Information And Communication

The arrival of information and communication technologies is nothing new. The number of people using these technologies and moving in cyberspace is growing, and therefore it is an important role of the state to respond sufficiently to such developments. A fundamental role of the state is to create a stable security system consisting of complex legislation as well as creation of a legislative environment capable of responding flexibly to the growing number of diverse incidents in cyberspace. Sufficient legal regulation consisting of unambiguous determination of competencies and tasks of individual subjects represents the basic pillar for the creation of a stable security system. The role of the state is also to maintain existing and create new partnerships with organizations that are able to provide relevant information and knowledge in the field of cyber security.

The complex geographies of telelactation and access to community breastfeeding support in the state of Ohio

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0242457

Author(s):

Tony H. Grubesic ◽

Kelly M. Durbin

Keyword(s):

Community Support ◽

The State ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Face To Face ◽

Support Resources ◽

Information And Communication

The availability of breastfeeding support resources, including those provided by Baby-Friendly Hospitals, International Board Certified Lactation Consultants, breastfeeding counselors and educators, and volunteer-based mother-to-mother support organizations, such as La Leche League, are critically important for influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation for the mother-child dyad. In addition, the emergence of community support options via information and communication technologies such as Skype and Facetime, social media (e.g., Facebook), and telelactation providers are providing mothers with a new range of support options that can help bridge geographic barriers to traditional community support. However, telelactation services that use information and communication technologies to connect breastfeeding mothers to remotely located breastfeeding experts require reliable, affordable, high-quality broadband connections to facilitate interaction between mothers and their support resources. The purpose of this paper is to explore the complex spatial landscape of virtual and face-to-face breastfeeding support options for mothers in the state of Ohio (U.S.), identifying barriers to support. Using a range of spatial and network analytics, the results suggest that a divide is emerging. While urban areas in Ohio benefit from both a density of face-to-face breastfeeding support resources and robust broadband options for engaging in telelactation, many rural areas of the state are lacking access to both. Policy implications and several potential strategies for mitigating these inequities are discussed.

The impact of information and communication technologies on the economic efficiency of agricultural production

Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises ◽

10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-4-30-32 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-32

Author(s):

E.G. Abdulla-Zade ◽

◽

R.E. Shertsel ◽

A.I. Ivanus ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

The State ◽

Information Support ◽

New Production ◽

Production Relations ◽

The Impact

Questions and problems related to new production relations arising from the use of information and communication technologies in the technological processes of agricultural production (point farming, differentiation of information support through the reception, processing, presentation of information about the state of the soil, animals, the environment, etc.) between the object and the subject of management are investigated and analyzed. The system of collecting and wireless transmission of data on the state of the soil by means of mobile and stationary sensors with the subsequent analysis of information for making optimal management decisions in crop production is considered.

Human Rights and Information Communication Technologies - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

ICT Policies Favouring Human Rights

10.4018/978-1-4666-1918-0.ch002 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 21-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rolf H. Weber

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Civil Society ◽

Mass Media ◽

Freedom Of Expression ◽

Global Network ◽

Right To Development ◽

Ict Infrastructure

The tremendous developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) over the last 20 years have substantially changed communication practices across the world. The Internet and mobile phones help to open new horizons for connections between people, leading to a global network for the sharing of information and ideas. In this new environment, human rights need to have a place, and traditional notions related to mass media need to be adapted to the needs of civil society. Freedom of expression has become much more individualistic, with information exchanges no longer relying on the traditional intermediaries (mass media) but on the exchange of ideas on social networking and other platforms. Civil society participation in the information world requires the necessary infrastructure however. And since states have an obligation to see to it that human rights are realized in practice, this may mean the facilitation of private investments to improve the ICT infrastructure. In this context, ICT policies favoring human rights must encompass a right to development.

An Overview of E-Commerce Security and Critical Issues for Developing Countries

Electronic Commerce ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-943-4.ch007 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 56-65

Author(s):

Pierre F. Tiako

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Significant Research ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Ict Infrastructure ◽

Transaction Services ◽

Financial Transactions

Deficient information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure, lack of awareness on e-commerce issues, network payment and secure transaction services present enormous challenges to developing countries. For e-commerce to be a viable tool for trade in developing countries (DC), a “secure infrastructure” which makes possible the electronic exchange of financial transactions is a necessary prerequisite. There has been significant research on e-commerce security, although most of these studies have focused on developed countries. Less attention has been paid to underdeveloped countries that face different circumstances due to the above challenges. From technological perspectives, this work discusses important issues of e-commerce security for developing countries in regards to lack of fraud repression and justice in those countries.