Implementation of E-Governance

2011 ◽  
pp. 226-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitsen Sharma
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Technical Issues

This chapter deals with some technical issues and challenges in implementing e governance at national level. It also discusses different stages of implementations of e governance system and recommends on developing successful ICT strategies incorporating comprehensive e governance action plans.

Dynamic endogeneity and corporate governance-performance relationship

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-744
Author(s):  
Sujani Thrikawala ◽  
Stuart Locke ◽  
Krishna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Gmm Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Framework

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and microfinance institution (MFI) performance, using a dynamic panel generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator to mitigate the serious issues with endogeneity. Design/methodology/approach Inconsistent findings and a general lack of empirical results for the microfinance industry leave an unclear message regarding the impacts of CG on MFI performance, especially in emerging economies. The authors use GMM estimation techniques to examine whether CG has an influence on MFI performance. Findings This study confirms that the MFIs’ contemporaneous performance and CG characteristics are statistically significantly positively linked with their past performance. This study finds statistically significant governance effects on MFI performance, including the presence of international directors and/or donor representatives on the board, client representatives on the board, percentage of non-executive directors and the quality of the national governance system. Practical implications These findings provide some insights for policy-makers and practitioners to develop suitable policies and guidelines to streamline MFIs’ operations in emerging countries. Moreover, national and international investors and donors may use these finding as a benchmark for their investment and funding decisions. Originality/value This paper is the first to estimate the CG and performance relationship of MFIs in a dynamic framework by applying the GMM estimation method. This approach improves upon traditional estimation methods by controlling the likely sources of endogeneity. Further, this paper examines whether quality of national-level governance characteristics is related to performance measures of profitability and outreach of MFIs.

The Governance System of the European Energy Union and Climate Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Schlacke ◽  
Michèle Knodt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Member States ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Protection Goals

On 24 December 2018, the Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 on the governance system of the Energy Union and Climate Action entered into force. The Governance Regulation provides the European Union with a new regulatory regime for renewable energies and energy efficiency. It has the function of an ‘Umbrella Regulation’ which aims at the overarching control of energy and climate policies for the period 2021 to 2030. Its target is to implement the climate protection goals of the Paris Agreement. At the same time, it represents a compromise and compensation for the European Union’s lack of competences in the area of energy supply, especially concerning the determination of the energy mix of the Member States. Despite choosing a Regulation (which applies automatically) as the legislative tool, its steering and sanctioning mechanisms are in this respect rather ‘soft’: The Regulation gives the Member States a wide scope of decision-making. Which goals and instruments are established by the Governance Regulation, which scope of decision making remains at the national level, how Germany exercises its decision making powers and how it should be exercised are key questions addressed in this article.

Fiscal Responsibility and Multi-Level Governance

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Guarini ◽  
Anna Francesca Pattaro
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Fiscal Responsibility ◽  
Multi Level

Public-policy assumptions regarding sub-national governments' financial behavior are based on economic rationality. Therefore, to achieve fiscal stability at the macro level, central governments use fiscal rules both to constrain the behavior of local policymakers and to resolve deficit/debt biases. Using the Italian fiscal governance system as an illustrative example, this chapter considers both the tensions derived from achieving fiscal responsibility at the national level in a decentralized environment and the difficulties of maintaining adequate performance at the local government level. It is argued that the public management perspective can be helpful not only at the micro level but also at the macro level in developing public policies to promote fiscal stability. It is suggested that public policy should adopt a more holistic approach toward fiscal responsibility in multi-level governance environments. Such an approach requires a deep understanding of the determinants of financial viability of public sector organizations.

International Organization and Bureaucracy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Cold War

The evolution of international administration in theory and practice mirrors the pattern of development of international organizations and the institutionalization of governance for the international system, which can be divided into three time periods: 1815–1945, which marks the initial organization and bureaucratization of the international system; 1945–91, the period of rapid growth of international organizations and reconstitution of the international system that had been destroyed by World War II; and, 1991–present, which represents the end of the Cold War and a transformational moment for the international system as globalization and the technological revolution challenge the structure and function of international governance system. The bureaucratization of the international system is due to the effectiveness of this type of organization for administration and government on the national level. However, the structure and function of international administration is different from national administration. The bureaucracies of today’s international organizations reflect both the changes in the environment in which they observe and the nature of the issue areas they are tasked to manage. Meanwhile, the creation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945 marked the transition from the first stage to the second in the development of international organizations and the system of governance for a new international order. Finally, the end of the Cold War and the dramatic changes in the world’s political, economic, and social landscape brought about by globalization revived interest in international organizations, and the role that they would play in the “new” world order.

scholarly journals Central European MEPs and Their Roles: Behavioral Strategies in the European Parliament

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
András Bíró-Nagy
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Central European ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractThis article helps to better understand the role orientations of the Central European Members of the European Parliament, the factors that influence their strategies, and the relationship between their roles and activities. Based on the results of a quantitative survey research with MEPs from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia in the 2009–2014 term, I argue that it is possible to explain the political roles of MEPs by their attitudes towards politics and policy, and the territorial focus of representation (European vs. national level). Due to the internal mechanisms of the EP and its position in the multi-level governance system of European politics, these two dimensions represent dilemmas that all MEPs face, when it comes to the efficient use of their scarce resources: time and energy. This study demonstrates that socio-demographic factors, attitudes and political socialization all have an influence on what roles MEPs choose. The time spent in the EP, age, previous political experience, party affiliation, left-right self-definition and career ambitions are all important factors that can explain the political behavior of MEPs. The Central European MEPs’ focus on politics vs. policy and the European vs. national political arena have different roots, and different variables explain them. Orientation towards politics and policy largely depends on previous political experience and future career ambitions. Focus on the European or the national level is best explained by age, party affiliation and left-right self-definition.

scholarly journals Digital Archiving and Data Stewardship in French Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amala Marx ◽  
◽  
Kai Salas Rossenbach ◽  
Emmanuelle Bryas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
National Level ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Archiving ◽  
Data Stewardship ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Critical Overview

In France, the archaeological sector has undergone a major shift in the last 10 years in terms of digital data creation and management. The digital transformation of the profession and its practices is still in progress and is not uniform. If general policies and laws are now clearly adopted at a national level, then institutional or individual situations are more complex. We can clearly separate the development-led and academic sectors, with reference to the volume of data produced and the challenges faced. A critical overview of the barriers highlights the fact that, beyond technical issues, data management (specifically sharing) is a human challenge in terms of scientific priority and in the adoption of new practices. This article gives an overview of the main questions and issues with reference to major nationwide initiatives.

MULTI–LEVEL GOVERNANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: FEATURES AND PERSPECTIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-218
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER I. CHERKASOV
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Mutual Relations

The system of multi-level governance is being established in the countries — members of the European Union, within the framework of which there is considerable redistribution of authority between the main levels of power. These levels — supranational, national and subnational — are becoming increasingly interdependent, and there is the lack of unambiguous domination of a single particular level of power or an institute.The decision-making mechanism within the multi-level governance system is sufficiently fragmented. It is consensus — based and involves participation of not only formal state institutions but also of different non-governmental structures connected with the civil society. Finally, we have a new system of mutual relations between the state and the society with borders becoming more transparent.There are two major dimensions of the multi-level governance being described in the scientific literature — the "vertical", based on the interaction of three power levels mentioned above, and the "horizontal", involving the dynamic interaction of state and non-governmental structures, with the activities of the latter being often of a network origin. Mutual relations of the power levels in the European Union are complex and dialectical. The subnational level begins to play an increasingly important role, and this role is no longer necessarily mediated by governments of the corresponding countries, i.e. by the national level. Subnational authorities are active on the European arena through their representative offices and channels of communication available to them. Meanwhile many European states failed so far to create more or less strong regions able to perform significant powers and to serve as real limiters to the powers of their national governments.With consideration of asymmetry typical for the territorial organization of public power in the European Union and the growing economic and political crisis the perspectives of the multi-level governance seem to be rather vague. The ideologists of the corresponding concept managed only to give a new interpretation of the decision-making process in the European Union, but they failed to describe clearly enough the mechanisms of further development of the European integration.

scholarly journals Transmission Quality Measurements in DAB+ Broadcast System

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gilski ◽  
Jacek Stefański
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
National Level ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Transmission Quality ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability ◽  
Quality Measurements

AbstractIn the age of digital media, delivering broadcast content to customers at an acceptable level of quality is one of the most challenging tasks. The most important factor is the efficient use of available resources, including bandwidth. An appropriate way of managing the digital multiplex is essential for both the economic and technical issues. In this paper we describe transmission quality measurements in the DAB+ broadcast system. We provide a methodology for analysing parameters and factors related with the efficiency and reliability of a digital radio link. We describe a laboratory stand that can be used for transmission quality assessment on a regional and national level.

scholarly journals Dissemination of Environmental Information in the E-Governance system: World Trends and Experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Viktor Ladychenko ◽  
Olena Chomakhashvili ◽  
Olena Uliutina ◽  
Julia Kanaryk
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Government

The UN E-Government Survey 2016 on «E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development» offers a brief overview of e-government trends in the world. According to the survey, more and more governments are using information technology to provide services and engage people in decision-making processes in rural areas in their countries. Talking about the emerging economies in East Europe, the Ukrainian economy is growing faster with 50% of population living in rural areas, which develops incredible pressure on the government to give more focus on many ways of environmental safety of Ukraine. Ukraine is predominantly rural country and in order to improve the environmental conditions it is important that both central and local governments carried out national environment information activity. Modern information technology helps to disseminate environmental information in rural areas and is a major provider of information opportunities for the rural population. By 2020 Ukrainian government has a goal to achieve interaction at all levels by electronic mode. There are various electronic databases that are already functioning at the national level such as the Real Estate Register, Public Cadastral Map, etc. that can help the Ukrainian government to achieve greater transparency and successful governance. However, access to such registers is currently not possible for regional communities. Therefore, disposing of environmental information, avoiding environmental threats to the local population and enhancing the effectiveness of local governance is a goal for local governments. This paper offers a modern vision of information technologies in the field of natural resources management. E-government projects and ways to solve problems in the sphere of dissemination of information in rural areas in order to improve e-governance in contemporary Ukraine were explored. Keywords: Environmental information, information human rights, sustainable development, EU environmental policy

Fiscal Responsibility and Multi-Level Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 2268-2294
Author(s):  
Enrico Guarini ◽  
Anna Francesca Pattaro
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Fiscal Responsibility ◽  
Multi Level

Public-policy assumptions regarding sub-national governments' financial behavior are based on economic rationality. Therefore, to achieve fiscal stability at the macro level, central governments use fiscal rules both to constrain the behavior of local policymakers and to resolve deficit/debt biases. Using the Italian fiscal governance system as an illustrative example, this chapter considers both the tensions derived from achieving fiscal responsibility at the national level in a decentralized environment and the difficulties of maintaining adequate performance at the local government level. It is argued that the public management perspective can be helpful not only at the micro level but also at the macro level in developing public policies to promote fiscal stability. It is suggested that public policy should adopt a more holistic approach toward fiscal responsibility in multi-level governance environments. Such an approach requires a deep understanding of the determinants of financial viability of public sector organizations.

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