Design for PACS Reliability

2010 ◽  
pp. 170-192
Author(s):  
Carrison K.S. Tong ◽  
Eric T.T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Software Reliability ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Acceptance Test ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Satellite Television ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Baseline System

Nowadays it is hard to think of any applications in modern society in which electronic systems do not play a significant role. In aerospace and aviation, defence, telecommunication and healthcare, to name a few, computers have already assumed the most life-critical tasks. Unlike most human beings, computers seem to do their job pretty well, at most times and under all environmental conditions. Sometimes, however, for some reason, the fresh water supply in a city stops, the mainframe computer of an international security exchange centre malfunctions, or the satellite television goes out abruptly. Possible sources for such dissatisfactory performances are physical deterioration or design faults in hardware components. Fortunately in the 1950s and 1960s quite a number of reliability models were developed for hardware. Another major source for malfunctioning of computer systems is the presence of bugs in the software that controls the system. The modelling of software reliability was only begun in the early 1970s. This chapter presents a comprehensive approach to the development of a reliable PACS, which are capable of meeting the high-quality level required of mission-critical medical devices. To develop a preliminary design, the PACS team would begin with a system description and reliability evaluation of a baseline system, includ ing implementation of hardware redundancy, software provisions, and acceptance test. Through detailed system analyses and electrical, electronic and mechanical reliability studies, a final preliminary design can be derived. In this chapter the essential mathematical and statistical aspects of hardware and software reliability predictions are first presented, followed by a spreadsheet-based approach to model hardware and software reliabilities. A method of designing higher system reliability through parallel and cross-linked configurations is then given. Finally a brief case on the acceptance test of a PACS software is illustrated.

scholarly journals ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕМПІРИЧНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ І МЕТРИК ХОЛСТЕДА ДЛЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ДОДАТКІВ ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Лариса Федорівна Пудовкіна ◽  
Вадим Вікторович Сіняєв
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Software Reliability ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Software Reliability Models ◽  
The Subject

The application of empirical models and Halsted metrics to evaluate software quality is considered. The subject of the study are methods of measuring the reliability of software and its calculation model. The purpose of the work is to perform a promising direction for further research of analytical and empirical models of software reliability. The object of the study is the process of evaluating the quality of the soft-ware, which requires a large number of tasks. This leads to a variety of approaches, methods and tools. Objectives: to carry out comparative analysis of analytical and empirical models of software reliability and quality; describe models and methods for benchmarking these software reliability models; to test and evaluate the effective-ness of the models and methods used for the comparative analysis of the analytical and empirical models of the software's reliability. The methods used are software developed that, using Halsted metrics and static code analyzer methods, allows you to evaluate the complexity and quality of software products. This makes it possible to comprehensively consider all aspects related to analytical and empirical models. As a result, software has been developed that, using Halsted metrics and static code analyzer methods, makes it possible to evaluate the complexity and quality of software products. The software performs the following functions: graphing various parameters; outputting information from graphs to text view (with values obtained during the experiment). The lexical analyzer builds graphs that display the following information about the modules analyzed: commenting; accurate and approximate quality level; real and theoretical length; informative; spent intellectual effort. Conclusions. The relevance of comparative analysis of analytical and empirical models of software reliability is determined by the fact that most software is unreliable. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: by means of comparative analysis of analytical and empirical models of reliability of software functioning, to study in detail the mod-els of reliability and to increase the reliability of software.

Selected Major Issues in Instructional/Communication Technology

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Dilnawaz A. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Technology ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Instructional Communication ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Satellite Television ◽  
Powerful Learning ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Physical Limitations

Instructional/Communication Technology has come to mean, in a narrowsense, media hardware or a set of tools enabling human beings toovercome their physical limitations. Etymologically, it means one or moretechniques, both concrete and abstract, that help human beings solveproblems. By extension, instructional technology (IT) means all tools atour disposal for facilitating learning. Tickton (1971) defines the purporeof IT as making "education more productive and more individual, to giveinstruction a more scientific base, and to make instruction more powerful,learning more immediate, and access more equal." While the technologyitself might be neutral as a medium and as a means of instructional communication,it is the natw of its use, in terms of timely and appropriatemessages, that is the key to understanding its consequences. It is this finalfactor upon which society needs to focus.The tecent combination of computer, video, fiber optics, satellite television,and other state-of-the-art technologies has enabled a small groupto control the lives of billions. Instructional technology has also Meritedits own share of this instantaneous global power. As a result traditionalboundaries between IT and mass media communication have blurred somuch that IT sounds like a misnomer.It has now become a platitude to say that the nation that controlledthe sealanes in the nineteenth century, or that controlled the airways inthe twentieth century, controlled the whole world. In the twenty-first century,it appears that whoever controls the airwaves will control the worldand whatever is beyond it. Thus the most explosive confluence of ...

Allegories of Creativity and Territory

PMLA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bartra
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Death Of God

Ecology defines territory as an area defended by an organism or a group of similar organisms with the purpose of pairing off, nesting, resting, and feeding. The defense of this space frequently brings about an aggressive behavior toward intruders and the marking of boundaries by means of repulsive chemical odors. Human beings, though they lack a precise ecological niche and are capable of adapting themselves to diverse spaces, also define territorial limits, from which emanate particular aromas that identify certain social groups. This is a question not of chemical perfumes but rather of codified cultural effusions that fill these groups with pride, even though they may, on occasion, strike others as repulsive. Many years ago, theories established that modern society impels a relentless process of deterritorialization and decodification, a process that tends to be ill regarded by ecologists, the populist left, fundamentalists, and conservatives. The proponents of this idea in the 1970s, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, stated in their renowned but forgotten book Anti-Oedipus (1972) that this process would end in the liberation of “desiring machines” and the dismantling of the oppressive state, in the same way that the death of God announced by Nietzsche was to be a liberating catastrophe. It is curious that these theories should end up hermetically codified and entombed beneath the seven seals of postmodernism and deconstruction, in the territory of an insufferable and unnecessary jargon.

scholarly journals Developing Pandemic Prevention and Control by ANP-QFD Approach: A Case Study on Urban Furniture Design in China Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Khairul Manami Kamarudin ◽  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Jinzhi Zou
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Furniture Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
And Control

Background: An infectious disease can affect human beings at an alarming speed in modern society, where Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide pandemic, posing grave threats to public security and the social economies. However, as one of the closest attachments of urban dwellers, urban furniture hardly contributes to pandemic prevention and control. Methods: Given this critical challenge, this article aims to propose a feasible solution to coping with pandemic situations through urban furniture design, using an integrated method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). Eight communities in China are selected as the research sites, since people working and living in these places have successful experience preventing and containing pandemics. Results: Three user requirements (URs), namely, usability and easy access, sanitation, and health and emotional pleasure, are determined. Meanwhile, seven design requirements (DRs) are identified, including contact reduction, effective disinfection, good appearance, social and cultural symbols, ergonomics, smart system and technology and sustainability. The overall priorities of URs and DRs and their inner dependencies are subsequently determined through the ANP-QFD method, comprising the House of Quality (HQQ). According to the theoretical results, we propose five design strategies for pandemic prevention and control. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the incorporated method of ANP-QFD has applicability and effectiveness in the conceptual product design process. This article can also provide a new perspective for pandemic prevention and control in densely populated communities in terms of product design and development.

Unification of Software Reliability Models by Self-Exciting Point Processes

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Chen ◽  
Nozer D. Singpurwalla
Keyword(s):  
Software Reliability ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Software Reliability Models ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Active Debate ◽  
The Subject

Assessing the reliability of computer software has been an active area of research in computer science for the past twenty years. To date, well over a hundred probability models for software reliability have been proposed. These models have been motivated by seemingly unrelated arguments and have been the subject of active debate and discussion. In the meantime, the search for an ideal model continues to be pursued. The purpose of this paper is to point out that practically all the proposed models for software reliability are special cases of self-exciting point processes. This perspective unifies the very diverse approaches to modeling reliability growth and provides a common structure under which problems of software reliability can be discussed.

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