Reconstructing Human Intelligence within Computational Sciences

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-98
Author(s):  
Gerd Doeben-Henisch
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
Formal Theories

This chapter outlines a possible research program for computational systems representing humanlike intelligence. After a short historical introduction, a possible theoretical framework is described showing how it is possible to integrate heterogeneous disciplines like neurobiology, psychology and phenomenology within one and the same computational framework. Concrete examples are given by reconstructing behavioural (Morris) and phenomenal semiotics (Peirce) with the aid of formal theories. The author hopes to improve the interdisciplinary discussion about adaptive computational models of humanlike intelligence through a unified theoretical framework.

Reconstructing Human Intelligence within Computational Sciences

2007 ◽  
pp. 106-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Doeben-Henisch
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
Formal Theories

This chapter outlines a possible research program for computational systems representing humanlike intelligence. After a short historical introduction, a possible theoretical framework is described showing how it is possible to integrate heterogeneous disciplines like neurobiology, psychology and phenomenology within one and the same computational framework. Concrete examples are given by reconstructing behavioural (Morris) and phenomenal semiotics (Peirce) with the aid of formal theories. The author hopes to improve the interdisciplinary discussion about adaptive computational models of humanlike intelligence through a unified theoretical framework.

scholarly journals HF-induced airglow at magnetic zenith: theoretical considerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Mishin ◽  
W. J. Burke ◽  
T. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Ion Acoustic Waves ◽  
Heating Facility ◽  
Ion Acoustic ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Magnetic Zenith

Abstract. Observations of airglow at 630nm (red line) and 557.7nm (green line) during HF modification experiments at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility are analyzed. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding the generation of Langmuir and ion acoustic waves during magnetic zenith injections. We show that observations of HF-induced airglow in an underdense ionosphere as well as a decrease in the height of the emitting volume are consistent with this scenario.

Non-Player Characters and Artificial Intelligence

Gamification ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 488-514
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Pereira ◽  
António Brisson ◽  
João Dias ◽  
André Carvalho ◽  
Joana Dimas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Game Environment ◽  
Computational Systems

Serious Games rely on interactive systems to provide an efficient communication medium between the tutor and the user. Designing and implementing such medium is a multi-disciplinary task that aims at an environment that engages the user in a learning activity. User engagement is significantly related to the users' sense of immersion or his willingness to accept the reality proposed by a game environment. This is a very relevant research topic for Artificial Intelligence (AI), since it requires computational systems to generate believable behaviors that can promote the users' willingness to enter and engage in the game environment. In order to do this, AI research has been relying on social sciences, in particular psychology and sociology models, to ground the creation of computational models for non-player characters that behave according to the users' expectations. In this chapter, the authors present some of the most relevant NPC research contributions following this approach.

scholarly journals From Affect Theoretical Foundations to Computational Models of Intelligent Affective Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10874
Author(s):  
Bexy Alfonso ◽  
Joaquin Taverner ◽  
Emilio Vivancos ◽  
Vicente Botti
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The links between emotions and rationality have been extensively studied and discussed. Several computational approaches have also been proposed to model these links. However, is it possible to build generic computational approaches and languages so that they can be “adapted” when a specific affective phenomenon is being modeled? Would these approaches be sufficiently and properly grounded? In this work, we want to provide the means for the development of these generic approaches and languages by making a horizontal analysis inspired by philosophical and psychological theories of the main affective phenomena that are traditionally studied. Unfortunately, not all the affective theories can be adapted to be used in computational models; therefore, it is necessary to perform an analysis of the most suitable theories. In this analysis, we identify and classify the main processes and concepts which can be used in a generic affective computational model, and we propose a theoretical framework that includes all these processes and concepts that a model of an affective agent with practical reasoning could use. Our generic theoretical framework supports incremental research whereby future proposals can improve previous ones. This framework also supports the evaluation of the coverage of current computational approaches according to the processes that are modeled and according to the integration of practical reasoning and affect-related issues. This framework is being used in the development of the GenIA3 architecture.

scholarly journals Music Listening in Classical Concerts: Theory, Literature Review, and Research Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann ◽  
Hauke Egermann ◽  
Anna Czepiel ◽  
Katherine O’Neill ◽  
Christian Weining ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Listening Experience

Performing and listening to music occurs in specific situations, requiring specific media. Empirical research on music listening and appreciation, however, tends to overlook the effects these situations and media may have on the listening experience. This article uses the sociological concept of the frame to develop a theory of an aesthetic experience with music as the result of encountering sound/music in the context of a specific situation. By presenting a transdisciplinary sub-field of empirical (concert) studies, we unfold this theory for one such frame: the classical concert. After sketching out the underlying theoretical framework, a selective literature review is conducted to look for evidence on the general plausibility of the single elements of this emerging theory and to identify desiderata. We refer to common criticisms of the standard classical concert, and how new concert formats try to overcome alleged shortcomings and detrimental effects. Finally, an empirical research program is proposed, in which frames and frame components are experimentally manipulated and compared to establish their respective affordances and effects on the musical experience. Such a research program will provide empirical evidence to tackle a question that is still open to debate, i.e., whether the diversified world of modern-day music listening formats also holds a place for the classical concert – and if so, for what kind of classical concert.

scholarly journals A theoretical framework for the site-specific and frequency-dependent neuronal effects of deep brain stimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Milosevic ◽  
Suneil K Kalia ◽  
Mojgan Hodaie ◽  
Andres M Lozano ◽  
Milos R Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Ventral Intermediate Nucleus ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractWith the growing interest in the expansion of deep brain stimulation indications, we aimed to provide experimental and computational insights into the brain-region-specific and frequency-dependent effects of extracellular stimulation on human neuronal activity. Experimentally, we demonstrated microstimulation-evoked excitatory neuronal responses in the ventral intermediate nucleus and reticular thalamus, and inhibitory responses in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata; hypothesized to be the result of simultaneous activations of convergent afferent inputs. Higher stimulation frequencies led to a loss of site-specificity and convergence towards neuronal suppression; hypothesized to be mediated by synaptic depression. These experimental findings were reproduced by a computational framework in which relative distributions of convergent excitatory/inhibitory afferents were embedded within a model of short-term synaptic plasticity for the prediction of site-specific and frequency-dependent responses to extracellular stimulation. This theoretical framework may aid in the design of physiologically-informed stimulation paradigms in existing or prospective deep brain stimulation indications.

scholarly journals Towards a neuro-computational account of prism adaptation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Petitet ◽  
Jill X. O’Reilly ◽  
Jacinta O’Shea
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
State Space ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Bayesian Decision Theory ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Functional Explanations

AbstractPrism adaptation has a long history as an experimental paradigm used to investigate the functional and neural processes that underlie sensorimotor control. In the neuropsychology literature, functional explanations of prism adaptation are typically framed within a traditional cognitive psychology ‘box-and-arrow’ framework that distinguishes putative component functions thought to give rise to behaviour (i.e. ‘strategic control’ versus ‘spatial realignment’). However, this kind of theoretical framework lacks precision and explanatory power. Here, we advocate for a computational framework that offers several advantages: 1) an algorithmic explanatory account of the computations and operations that drive behaviour; 2) expressed in quantitative mathematical terms; 3) embedded within a principled theoretical framework (Bayesian decision theory, state-space modelling); 4) that offers a means to generate and test quantitative behavioural predictions. This computational framework offers a route toward mechanistic explanations of prism adaptation behaviour. Thus it constitutes a conceptual advance compared to the traditional theoretical framework. In this paper, we illustrate how Bayesian decision theory and state-space models offer principled explanations for a range of behavioural phenomena in the field of prism adaptation (e.g. visual capture, magnitude of visual versus proprioceptive realignment, spontaneous recovery and dynamics of adaptation memory). We argue that this explanatory framework offers to advance understanding of the functional and neural mechanisms that implement prism adaptation behaviour, by enabling quantitative tests of hypotheses that go beyond mere descriptive mapping claims that ‘brain area X is (somehow) involved in psychological process Y’.

scholarly journals Scalable population-level modelling of biological cells incorporating mechanics and kinetics in continuous time

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Engblom ◽  
Daniel B. Wilson ◽  
Ruth E. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Rate Laws ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
The Individual

The processes taking place inside the living cell are now understood to the point where predictive computational models can be used to gain detailed understanding of important biological phenomena. A key challenge is to extrapolate this detailed knowledge of the individual cell to be able to explain at the population level how cells interact and respond with each other and their environment. In particular, the goal is to understand how organisms develop, maintain and repair functional tissues and organs. In this paper, we propose a novel computational framework for modelling populations of interacting cells. Our framework incorporates mechanistic, constitutive descriptions of biomechanical properties of the cell population, and uses a coarse-graining approach to derive individual rate laws that enable propagation of the population through time. Thanks to its multiscale nature, the resulting simulation algorithm is extremely scalable and highly efficient. As highlighted in our computational examples, the framework is also very flexible and may straightforwardly be coupled with continuous-time descriptions of biochemical signalling within, and between, individual cells.

scholarly journals Designing Embodied Cues for Dialog with Robots

AI Magazine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilge Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Embodied Interaction ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
And Task

Of all computational systems, robots are unique in their ability to afford embodied interaction using the wider range of human communicative cues. Research on human communication provides strong evidence that embodied cues, when used effectively, elicit social, cognitive, and task outcomes such as improved learning, rapport, motivation, persuasion, and collaborative task performance. While this connection between embodied cues and key outcomes provides a unique opportunity for design, taking advantage of it requires a deeper understanding of how robots might use these cues effectively and the limitations in the extent to which they might achieve such outcomes through embodied interaction. This article aims to underline this opportunity by providing an overview of key embodied cues and outcomes in human communication and describing a research program that explores how robots might generate high-level social, cognitive, and task outcomes such as learning, rapport, and persuasion using embodied cues such as verbal, vocal, and nonverbal cues.

Computational Framework for Determining Patient-Specific Total Knee Arthroplasty Loading

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Lundberg ◽  
Markus A. Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Testing Standards

The demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing steadily. In 2007, Kurtz et al. [1] predicted that TKA procedures would increase from 402,100 in 2003 to 3.48 million by 2030. Recent US national inpatient survey data have borne out these trends [2, 3]. Furthermore, demand is growing fastest in people younger than 65 [4] — patients who will need their implants to last the longest. The major factors limiting prosthesis longevity involve wear of the polyethylene bearing surfaces. Wear continues to be a problem at the knee; for example, advances that reduce hip implant wear such as crosslinking of polyethylene are not widely used in TKA due to fears of early material breakdown under knee loading conditions [5]. Preclinical TKA testing is performed with knee wear simulators under generic walking conditions. Efforts are ongoing by us [6] and others [7] to improve the physiological relevance of current testing standards. Nevertheless, a simulator would need to run ∼eight months continuously to simulate 20 years of walking, assuming one-million steps per year and speed of one cycle per second. As a complementary tool, computational models can test multiple conditions efficiently and ensure a faster turnaround time in the design process to eliminate inferior designs earlier. The purpose of this work is to describe a computational framework for predicting TKA loading, and ultimately implant longevity, on a patient-specific basis. The rationale is that, after developing a patient-specific computational framework, TKA designs of any material and under any patient behavior can be modulated to promote contact conditions best for implant longevity.

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