Critical Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
pp. 870-878
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Wilby
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Literature Searching ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Questions

This chapter discusses the process of systematic review and the critique of the design of such processes and their research questions and contexts, whether in the natural or social science arenas. This work is part of an on-going research program to develop a process of critical systematic review applicable for addressing issues arising in complex systems, such as those found in health and health-related disciplines. The methodology proposed in this chapter for critical systematic review extends the remit of systematic review, moving beyond extensive literature searching, the application of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to the retrieved literature, quality assessment, evaluation, synthesis, and review of the data, to a process that is self- and process-critical and reflective, and iterative in that critique.

scholarly journals Clinical Anatomy of the Posterior Meniscofemoral Ligament of Wrisberg: An Original MRI Study, Meta-analysis, and Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596712097319
Author(s):  
Przemysław A. Pękala ◽  
Dominik P. Łazarz ◽  
Mateusz A. Rosa ◽  
Jakub R. Pękala ◽  
Adam Baginski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Meniscofemoral Ligament ◽  
The Mean

Background: The posterior meniscofemoral ligament (pMFL) of Wrisberg attaches to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the lateral intercondylar aspect of the medial femoral condyle and passes posteriorly to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The pMFL plays a role in recovery after PCL injuries and offers stability to the lateral meniscus, promoting normal knee function. Purpose/Hypothesis: The aim of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arm of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the pMFL in Polish patients. The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical relevance of the pMFL in knee surgery. It was hypothesized that extensive variability exists in reports on the prevalence, function, and clinical significance of the pMFL. Study Design: Cross-sectional study and systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective MRI investigation was conducted on 100 randomly selected lower limbs of Polish patients (56 male, 44 female) performed in 2019 to determine the prevalence of the pMFL. Additionally, an extensive literature search of major online databases was performed to evaluate all reported data on the pMFL. Assessments of article eligibility and data extraction were completed independently by 2 reviewers, and all disagreements were resolved via a consensus. A quality assessment of the included articles was performed using the Anatomical Quality Assessment tool. Results: In the MRI arm of this study, the pMFL was observed in 73 of the 100 limbs. In the meta-analysis, 47 studies were included, totaling 4940 lower limbs. The pooled prevalence of the pMFL was found to be 70.4% (95% CI, 63.4%-76.9%); the mean length was 27.7 mm (95% CI, 24.8-30.5 mm) and the mean widths were 4.5, 6.1, and 4.1 mm for the meniscal and femoral attachments and midportion, respectively. The mean pMFL thickness was 2.3 mm (95% CI, 1.8-2.7 mm). Conclusion: Despite the variability in the literature, the pMFL was found to be a prevalent and large anatomic structure in the knee joint. The shared features of this ligament with the PCL necessitate the consideration of its value in planning and performing arthroscopic procedures of the knee.

scholarly journals A systematic review on AI/ML approaches against COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Dogan ◽  
Sanju Tiwari ◽  
M. A. Jabbar ◽  
Shankru Guggari
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Prediction ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Review Study

AbstractA pandemic disease, COVID-19, has caused trouble worldwide by infecting millions of people. The studies that apply artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods for various purposes against the COVID-19 outbreak have increased because of their significant advantages. Although AI/ML applications provide satisfactory solutions to COVID-19 disease, these solutions can have a wide diversity. This increase in the number of AI/ML studies and diversity in solutions can confuse deciding which AI/ML technique is suitable for which COVID-19 purposes. Because there is no comprehensive review study, this study systematically analyzes and summarizes related studies. A research methodology has been proposed to conduct the systematic literature review for framing the research questions, searching criteria and relevant data extraction. Finally, 264 studies were taken into account after following inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research can be regarded as a key element for epidemic and transmission prediction, diagnosis and detection, and drug/vaccine development. Six research questions are explored with 50 AI/ML approaches in COVID-19, 8 AI/ML methods for patient outcome prediction, 14 AI/ML techniques in disease predictions, along with five AI/ML methods for risk assessment of COVID-19. It also covers AI/ML method in drug development, vaccines for COVID-19, models in COVID-19, datasets and their usage and dataset applications with AI/ML.

scholarly journals Interventions to Deliver Vaccination to, and Improve Vaccination Rates in, People who are Homeless

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Laura McCosker ◽  
Robert Ware ◽  
Martin J. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: In comparison to the general population, people who are homeless have poorer health and health-related outcomes, including for vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination is safe, effective and cost-effective, and many vaccination guidelines specifically recommend vaccination in people who are homeless. This systematic review will identify interventions which are effective in delivering vaccination to, and/or at improving vaccination rates in, people who are homeless. Methods/Design: This systematic review is presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be undertaken on eight electronic databases, using combinations of search terms and subject headings or index terms. Citation chaining will also be undertaken. Literature will be screened for relevance against inclusion/exclusion criteria firstly by title/abstract and secondly by full text. The selected studies will be assessed for quality using an evidence-based tool appropriate to their methods. Data relevant to the topic will be extracted and examined using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Discussion: This systematic review will address an important gap in the literature about vaccination in people who are homeless. The review’s findings are particularly relevant considering the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which is likely to be managed through vaccination.

Research Issues in Training Device Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Hays ◽  
Michael J. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Instructional Systems ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Army Research Institute ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Training Community ◽  
Design Guidance

The Army Research Institute (ARI) has an ongoing research program to systematically accumulate the data necessary to provide design guidance for the development of training simulators. As part of this research program, an extensive literature review was conducted. On the basis of this literature review, a series of research questions, which require empirical investigation was accumulated. This presentation is designed to bring these research issues to the largest possible audience. The goal of this paper is to sensitize researchers to the types of questions that have the highest payoff for the Army and the training community. The research questions are organized around a model of the Instructional Systems Development (ISD) process. Each ISD section is further subdivided into specific subareas where empirical research is needed.

scholarly journals Cognition in eco and naturalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avel GUÉNIN--CARLUT
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Human cognition typically happen in a social and institutional context that is essentially foreign to the empirical analysis of cognitive psychology. As shown within the discipline of complex systems, it is untractable to ground an understanding of collective behaviour only through the analysis of individual properties. Numerous approaches within social and human sciences adress this problem, both within modern and explicitly naturalistic disciplines and within old-established ones. This matter of fact casts doubt on the possibility of founding a whole new social science from the bottom-up perspective of cognitive sciences, and motivates an epistemological reflexion on the grounding of the naturalist research program.

scholarly journals Introduction to Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Therapeutic Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtadha Al-Khabori ◽  
Wasif Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Therapeutic Research

A systematic review is a specific and reproducible method to search, identify, select, appraise, and summarize all studies relevant to a particular health care question. In this paper, we will review the concept of level of evidence, define the terms systematic review and meta-analysis, and outline the steps in performing a systematic review and meta-analysis with an illustrative example. In addition, we will introduce some important concepts in systematic reviews and meta-analyses like heterogeneity, publication bias, forest plots, and quality assessment. Finally, this review will focus on systematic reviews addressing therapeutic research questions.

Adverse Effects of Natural Products: A Brief Pre-Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Pires ◽  
Ana Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Natural products are commonly used for treating health problems. These products may be associated with adverse events, which are defined as "noxious and unintended response to a medicinal product" by the European Medicine Agency. Objectives: To identify studies describing at least one adverse event (or with potential to promote an adverse event) related to the use of natural products, as well as to describe the involved product(s) and adverse event(s). Methods: A pre-systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Keywords: "natural product(s)" and ["adverse drug reaction(s)" or "adverse effect(s)"]. Screened databases: PubMed, SciELO, DOAJ and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria: papers describing at least one adverse event associated with the use of natural products and published between 2017 and 2019. Exclusion criteria: Repeated studies, reviews and papers written in other languages than English, Portuguese, French or Spanish. Results: 104 studies were identified (20 PubMed; 0 SciELO; 2 DOAJ; 82 Google Scholar), but only 10 were selected (4 PubMed and 6 Google Scholar): 1 in-vitro study; 2 non-clinical studies, 1 study reporting in-vitro and clinical data and 5 studies were cases reports. Globally, 997 reports of adverse drug reactions with natural products were identified, mainly non-severe cases. Conclusion: Since a limited number of studies was found, we conclude that adverse events due to natural products may be underreported, or natural products may have a good safety profile. This review contributes for assuring the safety of natural products consumers, by evaluating the knowledge/information on the potential adverse events and interactions of these products.

scholarly journals Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
Nadia Monacelli ◽  
Livia Concetta Eugenia Cocimano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

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