scholarly journals Interventions to Deliver Vaccination to, and Improve Vaccination Rates in, People who are Homeless

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Laura McCosker ◽  
Robert Ware ◽  
Martin J. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: In comparison to the general population, people who are homeless have poorer health and health-related outcomes, including for vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination is safe, effective and cost-effective, and many vaccination guidelines specifically recommend vaccination in people who are homeless. This systematic review will identify interventions which are effective in delivering vaccination to, and/or at improving vaccination rates in, people who are homeless. Methods/Design: This systematic review is presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be undertaken on eight electronic databases, using combinations of search terms and subject headings or index terms. Citation chaining will also be undertaken. Literature will be screened for relevance against inclusion/exclusion criteria firstly by title/abstract and secondly by full text. The selected studies will be assessed for quality using an evidence-based tool appropriate to their methods. Data relevant to the topic will be extracted and examined using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Discussion: This systematic review will address an important gap in the literature about vaccination in people who are homeless. The review’s findings are particularly relevant considering the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which is likely to be managed through vaccination.

Effectiveness of Forensic Assertive Community Treatment on Forensic and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110614
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Goulet ◽  
Laura Dellazizzo ◽  
Clara Lessard-Deschênes ◽  
Alain Lesage ◽  
Anne G. Crocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assertive Community Treatment ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Program Success ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Meta Analyses

Given the increasing literature on forensic assertive community treatment (FACT), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effectiveness of FACT among justice-involved individuals with severe mental illness. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review, six of which were included in the meta-analyses for a total of 1,246 participants. Mixed results regarding health-related outcomes were found. The pre-post FACT analysis and comparison with control groups did not yield significant results other than increased outpatient service use. Results on forensic outcomes were more compelling. Both the narrative review and the meta-analysis highlighted that FACT programs may improve justice outcomes such as the number of days spent in jail. More high quality and multisite randomized controlled trials are needed to consolidate findings. Further research is needed to examine other psychosocial factors related to FACT program success.

Abstract 16037: Hybrid Convergent Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
suvash shrestha ◽  
David DeLurgio ◽  
Andy Kiser ◽  
Saumil Oza ◽  
Yisachar Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Event Rate ◽  
Likelihood Estimator ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
One Year ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction: Hybrid convergent epicardial/endocardial ablation was developed in response to the limited effectiveness of endocardial catheter ablation for persistent (PersAF) and longstanding PersAF (LSPAF). The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of reported safety and efficacy outcomes with convergent procedures. Methods: Predefined search terms were used in PubMed; the initial search was performed in June 2019 and updated in May 2020. Abstracts and full text in English were reviewed for peer-reviewed, primary clinical studies of hybrid convergent procedures in PersAF/LSPAF. Meta-analysis was performed with using a random effects model with a restricted maximum likelihood estimator and forest plots. Heterogeneity was tested using Cochran’s Q-test. Results: The updated search yielded 325 unique results. Two articles from meta-analyses were added. Nineteen articles met inclusion with safety and/or efficacy data. Three overlapping studies were excluded. Results from the randomized CONVERGE trial were added, for a total of 1084 patients in 17 studies; 94% had PersAF or LSPAF. The 30-day major adverse event rate was 3.1% (95% CI 1.9% - 4.3%; n=1084; 17 studies), excluding pericardial effusions (PE) (non-emergent inflammatory response) and 5.1% (95% CI 3.6% - 6.6%) overall. The PEs may be mitigated by anti-inflammatory prophylaxis, pericardial drainage and appropriate patient monitoring. Freedom from AF/atrial arrhythmia at one year or later was 75.0% (95% CI 66.0%-83.9%; n=805; 14 studies) regardless of anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD) and 64.9% (95% CI 54.7%-75.1%; n=494; 8 studies) off AADs/ absent increased dosage of failed AADs. Heterogeneity across studies was detected for effectiveness (p<0.0001), but not for safety (p=0.12). Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows high efficacy of hybrid convergent ablation at one year, even off AADs, and a reasonable safety in mostly persistent or long-standing persistent AF.

scholarly journals Sleep Deprivation and Oxidative Stress in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Villafuerte ◽  
Adán Miguel-Puga ◽  
Eric Murillo Rodríguez ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Elias Manjarrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Because the function and mechanisms of sleep are partially clear, here we applied a meta-analysis to address the issue whether sleep function includes antioxidative properties in mice and rats. Given the expansion of the knowledge in the sleep field, it is indeed ambitious to describe all mammals, or other animals, in which sleep shows an antioxidant function. However, in this paper we reviewed the current understanding from basic studies in two species to drive the hypothesis that sleep is a dynamic-resting state with antioxidative properties. We performed a systematic review of articles cited in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2015 using the following search terms:Sleep or sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, nitric oxide, catalase or superoxide dismutase. We found a total of 266 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 articles were included, which are presented and discussed in this study. The complex relationship between sleep duration and oxidative stress is discussed. Further studies should consider molecular and genetic approaches to determine whether disrupted sleep promotes oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Services and Interventions for People who are Homeless with Companion Animals (Pets)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Laura McCosker ◽  
Martin J. Downes ◽  
Annick Maujean ◽  
Natalie Hill
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Background Many people who are homeless own a companion animal (a ‘pet’). Pet ownership has positive impacts on health and wellbeing. However, for people who are homeless, pet ownership also creates multiple challenges and may be a barrier to exiting homelessness. This systematic review will identify the types, and outcomes, of services and interventions to support people who are homeless with pets. Methods This review will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be undertaken on five databases. Combinations of search terms and subject headings or index terms will be used. Citation chaining and citation tracking will also be undertaken. Literature will be screened for relevance in a two-step process. Each study will be quality assessed using an evidence-based tool relevant to its methods. Relevant data will be extracted and synthesised using a meta-analytic, or narrative, approach. Discussion This review will address an identified gap in the knowledge about the types, and outcomes, of services/interventions for people who are homeless with pets. The results may increase recognition about the importance of protecting and promoting the relationship between people who are homeless and their pets, and inform future work.

scholarly journals The contribution of NintendoWii Fitseries in the field of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Tripette ◽  
Haruka Murakami ◽  
Katie Rose Ryan ◽  
Yuji Ohta ◽  
Motohiko Miyachi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Wii Fit ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Journal ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundWii Fitwas originally designed as a health and fitness interactive training experience for the general public. There are, however, many examples ofWii Fitbeing utilized in clinical settings. This article aims to identify the contribution ofWii Fitin the field of health promotion and rehabilitation by: (1) identifying the health-related domains for which theWii Fitseries has been tested, (2) clarifying the effect ofWii Fitin those identified health-related domains and (3) quantifying this effect.MethodA systematic literature review was undertaken. The MEDLINE database andGames for Health Journalpublished content were explored using the search term “Wii-Fit.” Occurrences resulting from manual searches on Google and material suggested by experts in the field were also considered. Included articles were required to have measurements fromWii Fitactivities for at least one relevant health indicator. The effect ofWii Fitinterventions was assessed using meta-analyses for the following outcomes: activity-specific balance confidence score, Berg balance score (BBC) and time-up-and-go test (TUG).FindingsA total of 115 articles highlighted that theWii Fithas been tested in numerous healthy and pathological populations. Out of these, only a few intervention studies have focused on the prevention of chronic diseases. A large proportion of the studies focus on balance training (N= 55). This systematic review highlights several potential benefits ofWii Fitinterventions and these positive observations are supported by meta-analyses data (N= 25). For example, the BBC and the TUG respond to a similar extend toWii Fitinterventions compared with traditional training.ConclusionWii Fithas the potential to be used as a rehabilitation tool in different clinical situations. However, the current literature includes relatively few randomized controlled trials in each population. Further research is therefore required.

scholarly journals 1245. Does Complexity of Infection Prevention Bundles Matter in Colorectal Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S448-S448
Author(s):  
Aurora E Pop-Vicas ◽  
Cybele Lara R Abad ◽  
Fay Osman ◽  
Kelsey Baubie ◽  
Nasia Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Bundle Size ◽  
Mechanical Bowel Prep ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Dressing Change

Abstract Background Surgical site infection (SSI) prevention bundles in colorectal surgery are common. The optimal bundle composition and impact of increasingly complex and resource-intensive bundled interventions on SSI remain unclear. Methods (1) A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and observational trials with pre-post implementation data for colorectal SSI prevention bundles to study their effect on superficial, deep, and organ-space SSI. (2) A meta-regression to determine whether the bundle size (number of different bundle elements) affects SSI. (3) A correlation analysis to identify individual bundle elements with greatest SSI reduction. We used the METAN, METAEFF, and METAREG packages in STATA SE 15 for analysis. Results We included 38 studies in the systematic review, and 29 studies (49,589 patients) in the meta-analysis. Bundle composition was highly variable, ranging from 3 – 13 guideline-recommended elements per bundle. Meta-analyses showed bundles to be associated with relative risk reductions of 43% for any SSI (RR 0.57 [95% CI 0.48–0.67]; 44% for superficial SSI (RR 0.56 [95% CI 0.42–0.75]; 33% for deep SSI (RR 0.67 [95% CI 0.45–0.98], and 37% for organ/space SSI (RR 0.63 [95% CI 0.49 – 0.81]). On meta-regression, bundle size, especially ≥10 elements, was significantly associated with SSI reduction for any SSI (P = 0.04) and for superficial SSI (P = 0.005). Individual bundle elements correlated with strongest SSI reductions were mechanical bowel prep combined with oral antibiotics (R = −0.68, P = 0.0028) and pre-operative chlorhexidine showers (R = −0.49, P = 0.04) for organ/space SSI. Protocols including separate instrument trays and glove ± gown change prior to surgical wound closure (R = −0.55, P = 0.009), and standardized postoperative wound dressing change at 48 hours (R = −30.59, P = 0.005) correlated with highest superficial SSI reductions. Conclusion Complex colorectal bundles with ≥10 clinical guideline-recommended prevention elements are associated with higher reductions in any SSI and in superficial SSI. Further research should evaluate how complex SSI prevention colorectal bundles can be implemented and sustained with high fidelity in the clinical setting in a cost-effective manner. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Comparison of splint and conventional cast for treating wrist torus fractures in children (systematic review)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alsawadi ◽  
Mustafa Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

<span>Wrist torus fractures in children are common. Although it might be simple and straightforward, the management of these injuries remains controversial and depends on the personal experience and preference of the treating physician. The consensus agreement, however, is that these fractures are inherently stable. Some authors argue that splints should replace the traditional method of cast immobilisation. The splints are viewed as easier to use, more convenient and do not require follow up clinics for removal. It has also been argued that splints are more cost-effective than casts. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of removable splints versus casts in the treatment of torus wrist fractures of children in the current literature. This review followed the Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for reporting. Comprehensive electronic database search and handsearch were conducted. Studies were considered for review if they were randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trial and compared removable splints and casts for treating torus fractures of distal radius and/or ulna in children. Four papers identified by two reviewers as potentially eligible for inclusion were appraised and two identified for inclusion were further assessed for any risk of bias. Data were narratively presented and discussed as meta-analysis would not have been possible for the identified studies. The limited available data favours the use of splint as a clinically effective and more cost-effective method of immobilisation. However, the findings of the systematic review are limited by the quality of the identified studies. It has been viewed that explanation to patients and parents and involving them in the decision, plus implementation of safety protocol to avoid under-treatment of misdiagnosed fractures and allow easy access of patients to the clinic, is an alternative way to provide safe, convenient and cost-effective treatment. </span>

What do Patients Want? Correlates of Patient Satisfaction and Treatment Engagement

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S90-S90
Author(s):  
R. Gearing ◽  
A. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Engagement ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Research Assistants

IntroductionMotivation and ability to engage with treatment may deteriorate or falter if a patient is not satisfied with their protocols or provider. Improving patient satisfaction may more effectively strengthen treatment engagement.Objectives1) Determining what patients want from their provider relationship; and 2) identifying means for a provider to effectively assess and evaluate patient satisfaction in relation to treatment engagement.MethodsA systematic review of published meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and literature reviews between 1996 and 2016 was conducted across three databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL). Using variations of the search terms patient; satisfaction; medication, medical and psychiatric treatment; and engagement/adherence, a total of 1667 articles were identified. After removing duplications, 1582 articles were independently screened for eligibility (e.g. conceptual focus, methodological limitations) by two research assistants, resulting in the final inclusion of 50 meta-analysis, systematic review, or literature review articles that focused on predictors or barriers to patient satisfaction and/or predictors or barriers affecting engagement/adherence.ResultsBarriers and predictors of patient satisfaction centered on two fundamental domains:– relationship with Provider (sub-factors: multicultural competence, shared decision making, communication skills, continuity of care, empathy) and;– outcomes (sub-factors: therapeutic outcome, patient expectations).Eight treatment engagement/adherence barrier and predictor domains were identified, specifically treatment regimens; illness beliefs, emotional/cognitive factors; financial and logistic; social support; symptom/illness characteristics; demographics and patient-provider relationship.ConclusionsKey findings highlight actions psychiatrists and other clinical providers may consider in addressing barriers and highlighting promoters to improve patient satisfaction and overall engagement and adherence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Massage Therapy on Pain and Dysfunction in Patients with Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Cheng ◽  
Gui Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Valid Evidence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective. To systematically evaluate the evidence of whether massage therapy (MT) is effective for neck pain.Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of 5 English and Chinese databases (to December 2012). The search terms included neck pain, neck disorders, cervical vertebrae, massage, manual therapy, Tuina, and random. In addition, we performed hand searches at the library of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed the methodological quality of RCTs by PEDro scale. And the meta-analyses of improvements on pain and neck-related function were conducted.Results. Fifteen RCTs met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that MT experienced better immediate effects on pain relief compared with inactive therapies (n=153; standardised mean difference (SMD), 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09 to 2.50;P=0.03) and traditional Chinese medicine (n=125; SMD, 0.73; 95% CI 0.13 to 1.33;P=0.02). There was no valid evidence of MT on improving dysfunction. With regard to follow-up effects, there was not enough evidence of MT for neck pain.Conclusions. This systematic review found moderate evidence of MT on improving pain in patients with neck pain compared with inactive therapies and limited evidence compared with traditional Chinese medicine. There were no valid lines of evidence of MT on improving dysfunction. High quality RCTs are urgently needed to confirm these results and continue to compare MT with other active therapies for neck pain.

scholarly journals Low Protein Intake Is Associated with Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio Coelho-Júnior ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues ◽  
Marco Uchida ◽  
Emanuele Marzetti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Meta Analyses

(1) Background: Several factors have been suggested to be associated with the physiopathology of frailty in older adults, and nutrition (especially protein intake) has been attributed fundamental importance in this context. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between protein intake and frailty status in older adults. (2) Methods: A search of scientific studies was conducted in the main databases (Medline, Scopus, Cochrane library), and in the reference lists of selected articles. The search terms included synonyms and Medical Subject Headings and involved the use of Boolean operators which allowed the combination of words and search terms. Observational studies—cross-sectional and longitudinal—that met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Article selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with random effects were performed. Publication bias was measured using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology instrument. (3) Results: In the final sample, 10 articles, seven cross-sectional and three longitudinal, were included in the present study. Overall, studies investigated a total of 50,284 older adults from three different continents between 2006 and 2018. Four cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses. The results demonstrated that a high protein intake was negatively associated with frailty status in older adults (odds ratio: 0.67, confidence interval = 0.56 to 0.82, p = 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a high consumption of dietary protein is inversely associated with frailty in older adults.

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