Outsourcing to the Post-Soviet Region and Gender

2010 ◽  
pp. 2231-2236
Author(s):  
Elena Gapova
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
World Region ◽  
Software Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Globalized World

The purpose of this article is to analyze the outsourcing of information technology (IT) jobs to a specific world region as a gendered phenomenon. Appadurai (2001) states that the contemporary globalized world is characterized by objects in motion, and these include ideas, people, goods, images, messages, technologies and techniques, and jobs. These flows are a part of “relations of disjuncture” (Appadurai, 2001, p. 5) created by an uneven economic process in different places of the globe and involving fundamental problems of livelihood, equality or justice. Outsourcing of jobs (to faraway countries) is one of such “disjunctive” relationships. Pay difference between the United States (U.S.) and some world regions created a whole new interest in the world beyond American borders. Looking for strategies to lower costs, employers move further geographically; and with digital projects, due to their special characteristics, distribution across different geographical areas can be extremely effective. First, digital networks allow reliable and real-time transfer of digital files (both work in progress and final products), making it possible to work in geographically separated locations. Second, in the presence of adequate mechanisms for coordination through information exchange, different stages of software production (conceptualization, high-level design and low-level analysis, coding) are also separable across space (Kagami, 2002). In the Western hemisphere, the argument for outsourcing is straightforward and powerful. It is believed that if an Indian, Chinese, Russian or Ukrainian software programmer is paid one-tenth of an American salary, a company that develops software elsewhere will save money. And provided that competitors do the same, the price of the software will fall, productivity will rise, the technology will spread, and new jobs will be created to adapt and improve it. But the argument against outsourcing centers on the loss of jobs by American workers. Although there is no statistics on the number of jobs lost to offshore outsourcing, the media write about the outcry of professionals who several years ago considered themselves invulnerable.

Outsourcing to the Post-Soviet Region and Gender

2011 ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
Elena Gapova
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
World Region ◽  
Software Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Globalized World

The purpose of this article is to analyze the outsourcing of information technology (IT) jobs to a specific world region as a gendered phenomenon. Appadurai (2001) states that the contemporary globalized world is characterized by objects in motion, and these include ideas, people, goods, images, messages, technologies and techniques, and jobs. These flows are a part of “relations of disjuncture” (Appadurai, 2001, p. 5) created by an uneven economic process in different places of the globe and involving fundamental problems of livelihood, equality or justice. Outsourcing of jobs (to faraway countries) is one of such “disjunctive” relationships. Pay difference between the United States (U.S.) and some world regions created a whole new interest in the world beyond American borders. Looking for strategies to lower costs, employers move further geographically; and with digital projects, due to their special characteristics, distribution across different geographical areas can be extremely effective. First, digital networks allow reliable and real-time transfer of digital files (both work in progress and final products), making it possible to work in geographically separated locations. Second, in the presence of adequate mechanisms for coordination through information exchange, different stages of software production (conceptualization, high-level design and low-level analysis, coding) are also separable across space (Kagami, 2002). In the Western hemisphere, the argument for outsourcing is straightforward and powerful. It is believed that if an Indian, Chinese, Russian or Ukrainian software programmer is paid one-tenth of an American salary, a company that develops software elsewhere will save money. And provided that competitors do the same, the price of the software will fall, productivity will rise, the technology will spread, and new jobs will be created to adapt and improve it. But the argument against outsourcing centers on the loss of jobs by American workers. Although there is no statistics on the number of jobs lost to offshore outsourcing, the media write about the outcry of professionals who several years ago considered themselves invulnerable.

“Can’t You See I’m White?”

differences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Ducille
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
White Males ◽  
Conference Theme ◽  
Vassar College ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Masses

This essay was originally delivered as the keynote address at a conference on passing held at Vassar College in April of 2019. Titled “Quiet As It’s Kept: Passing Subjects, Contested Identities,” the conference was inspired by the legacy of Vassar’s first African American graduate, Anita Hemmings, who passed for white before being outed by her roommate shortly before graduation in 1897. DuCille maintains that the timeliness and importance of the conference theme are signaled by what both the media and the masses tout as the most diverse slate of candidates ever to vie for the office of president of the United States. Challenging the practical application of theoretical claims of race as a social construction, “Can’t You See I’m White?” explores the ways in which their racial and gender “difference” from the typical roster of white males seeking the presidency has made some of the candidates—most notably Senators Kamala Harris of California and Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts—the subjects of unprecedented debates about identity, biology, and culture. These debates, which raise questions not only about who gets to be black or brown or red but also who gets to be American, duCille claims, take on even greater significance in the time of Trump and the rise of white nationalism.

Essay Reviews: The Hidden Message in Anti-Violence Public Service Announcements

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Gerbner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Service Announcements ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Time Warner

In this essay, George Gerbner reviews eight television public service announcements (PSAs) that deal with urban violence and are produced by the media conglomerate HBO/Time Warner. Gerbner couches his critique of the PSAs in terms of the historical tension between the commercial nature of television in the United States and broadcasters' mandated role to serve the public. In creating a framework to understand the anti-violence PSAs, Gerbner broadens the discussion to include both the media industry in the United States and the demand for violence television programming in the international marketplace. Although he acknowledges the high production value of the PSAs, Gerbner contends that the race, age, and gender of the characters, as well as the situations depicted, constitute a hidden message of stereotyped violence. Gerbner argues that the images portrayed in the PSAs reflect the type of violence that is presented by the television industry itself, not the kinds of violence that may actually exists in the United States.

scholarly journals Racialized Rescue Narratives in Public Discourses on Youth Prostitution and Sex Trafficking in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-800
Author(s):  
Carrie N. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Sex Trade ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender

This article presents an analysis of how activists, politicians, and the media framed youth involvement in the sex trade during the 1970s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in the United States. Across these periods of public concern about the issue, similar framing has recurred that has drawn upon gendered and racialized notions of victimization and perpetration. This frame has successfully brought attention to this issue by exploiting public anxieties at historical moments when social change was threatening white male dominance. Using intersectional feminist theory, I argue that mainstream rhetoric opposing the youth sex trade worked largely within neoliberal logics, ignoring histories of dispossession and structural violence and reinforcing individualistic notions of personhood and normative ideas about subjectivity and agency. As part of the ongoing project of racial and gender formation in US society, this discourse has shored up neoliberal governance, particularly the build-up of the prison industrial complex, and it has obscured the state's failure to address the myriad social problems that make youth vulnerable to the sex trade.

scholarly journals Proliferating Panic: Regulating Representations of Sex and Gender during the Culture Wars

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristyn Davies
Keyword(s):  
Performance Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Karen Finley ◽  
The Arts ◽  
American Citizen ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender

During the culture wars in the United States surveillance of representations of the American citizen reached a particular frenzy. This article explores the moral panic that has accompanied attempts by the New Right to shape and define the American citizen as heterosexual, monogamous, white, and a believer in middle-class family values. Davies focuses on the work of performance artists Karen Finley and Holly Hughes whose work challenges hegemonic discourses of gender and sexuality. They were two of those artists branded by the media as the ‘NEA Four’, practitioners whose work was considered indecent and consequently de-funded by the National Endowment for the Arts. The article imagines performance art as a queer time and space; that is, not only does performance art contest normative structures of traditional theatrical performance, so too does it challenge understandings of normative subjects, and the relation of the arts to structures of power.

Shift Length and Shift Length Preference Among Acute Care Surgeons

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110257
Author(s):  
John Kepros ◽  
Susan Haag ◽  
Karen Lewandowski ◽  
Frank Bauer ◽  
Hirra Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shift Length

Background Work hour restrictions have been imposed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education since 2003 for medical trainees. Many acute care surgeons currently work longer shifts but their preferred shift length is not known. Methods The purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution of the current shift length among trauma and acute care surgeons and to identify the surgeons’ preference for shift length. Data collection included a questionnaire with a national administration. Frequencies and percentages are reported for categorical variables and medians and means with SDs are reported for continuous variables. A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between call shift choice and trauma center level (level 1 and level II), age, and gender. Results Data from 301 surgeons in 42 states included high-level trauma centers. Assuming the number of trauma surgeons in the United States is 4129, a sample of 301 gives the survey a 5% margin of error. The median age was 43 years (M = 46, SD = 9.44) and 33% were female. Currently, only 23.3% of acute care surgeons work a 12-hour shift, although 72% prefer the shorter shift. The preference for shorter shifts was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between call shift length preference and trauma center level, age, or gender. Conclusion Most surgeons currently work longer than 12-hour shifts. Yet, there was a preference for 12-hour shifts indicating there is a gap between current and preferred shift length. These findings have the potential to substantially impact staffing models.

Deviant Subcultures in European Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Stupperich ◽  
Helga Ihm ◽  
Shannon B. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Intentional Communication ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unequal Opportunities

Since the late 1950s, criminological research has focused on the question of why particular groups are more likely to become involved in criminal and/or deviant behavior. Theories about subcultures start from the premise that smaller sub- or countercultural groupings exist within a larger society and differentiate themselves by developing their own moral precepts, values, and norms. Subcultural theories were originally developed in the United States and have a long theoretical tradition dating back to the 1930s. Structural-functionalist sociologist Albert Cohen in 1955 first used the term, “delinquent subculture.” In his book Criminal Youth, Cohen defined subculture as the sum of dominant knowledge, convictions and beliefs, conventions, preferences, and prejudices within and acquired by participation in the particular group. Deviant behavior arises when these values and norms run counter to those of the dominant culture. Cohen interpreted delinquency as a collective, practical, and quick solution to problems caused by unequal opportunities in the class system. The basic assumption of early subcultural theories was that members of the lower socioeconomic classes established their own value system and norms due to their inability to conform to middle-class values and norms and achieve middle-class goals. Later in the 1970s, subcultural theory was altered and further expanded by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) at Birmingham University. The CCCS posits that criminal subcultures favor delinquency due to intersecting attitudes such as the rejection of authority, hedonism, or sensation-seeking. Moreover, the relationships between members within a subculture are important due to the shared nature of values, norms, and identities. Regionality is no longer a criterion for a delinquent/criminal subculture due to modern Europe’s high level of mobility and digital networks. Instead, modern delinquent/criminal subcultures utilize social media outlets not limited to region to disseminate their values and norms and establish identity. Islamic fundamentalism and the Reich Citizens and Sovereign Citizens movements are examples of subcultures that utilize the Internet to rapidly spread programs and ideologies in a targeted and simple manner. While earlier subcultural studies tended to explain the relationship between subculture and criminality as due to frustration over social and economic inequality, more recent research argues that subcultural theories need to be macro-level focused. Consequently, recent scholarship frames subcultural criminality as an expression of groups’ social and material life, which are defined by stylistic factors such as intentional communication, homology, and specific (piecemeal) solutions to problems.

scholarly journals The American newsroom in the new era: factors that influence the adoption or rejection of new technologies by non-management newspaper news producers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sintia Radu
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Media ◽  
False News ◽  
High Level

Today, journalists need to engage in the most advanced technological methods of reaching their audience more efficiently as media professionals now battle a fast spread of unverified news. Journalists need to be quicker, but also retain the high level of accuracy that distinguishes the media from other sources of information. A very good example of the importance of the media needing to be faster and more accurate than ever, especially in the online environment, is the bombardment with false news on Facebook and Google during the 2016 U.S. elections. The purpose of my thesis is to explore what influences the adoption or resistance to new technology in newsrooms and how new technologies change the journalistic processes. I looked at how nonmanagement news producers dealt with technology throughout time, referring to the previous adoption of now embraced technologies. I also inquired about technologies that they are currently experimenting with, and attempted to predict the probability of them using other new technologies that they might not be familiar with. The research method that I used is qualitative semi-structured interviews with 11 news producers from newspapers across the United States, who talked about their perception on how their newsrooms deal with technology-related decisions. My results showed that non-management news producers believe newspaper newsrooms adopt technology based on preferences and industry practices. The media seems keen on experimenting with new types of technologies, but there are several aspects that they fail to consider. This makes the implementation of these technologies either hard to understand by users or very hard to carry out per se. News producers complained they are overburdened with tasks because of new technology that newsrooms are forcing onto them just because their peers in the industry are using it, while they admitted they would be interested in trying anything that might get them closer to their readers. If the technology serves them or not, they thought this is mostly related to leadership in the company. These results are to be considered by those who build technology for the media and those in charge of incorporating it in the work of news producers. Future research could take into consideration both including more diverse subject categories, as well as the academic environment in which journalism is still taught.

scholarly journals Uloga medija u procesu socijalizacije djece i adolescenata

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bjelobrk
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender

Contemporary discourse of global information exchange as well as the media saturated cultural, social and economic spheres tend to influence the psychological and social development of children and adolescents. Cognitive and social processes, as well as the linguistic development, are marked by the media’s influence, which in turn creates a developmental framework of media socialization, having some positive effects on the children’s maturation, but also reflecting certain antisocial behaviors. The development of multimedia within the virtual environment brings about some new patterns of behavior to modern generations of “digital natives”. In addition, individual factors such as age and gender, along with some social factors such as peer relationships, characterize the media socialization of children. Furthermore, modern multimedia communication has increased the flow and availability of information, which raises questions about the dual role of the media in the socialization process of young people, i.e. it raises questions of transparency, ethics, adequacy of media content, as well as the emergence of antisocial behaviors that are implicitly or explicitly related to the media context.

scholarly journals Social Responsibility

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Sameera Mian
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Keynote Address ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Market Driving ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender

The 2nd Annual AMSS-UK Conference, “Social Responsibility:Challenges for the Future,” took place October 21-22 at the University ofWestminster, London. Scholars from the United Kingdom, Ireland,Malaysia, the United States, Western Europe, and Turkey presented fortytwopapers. Over one hundred participants attended the two-day event. TheConference featured scholars such Malik Badri, Kamal Hassan, MuradHofmann, Abdelwahab El-Affendi, in addition to emerging intellectualssuch as Mashood A. Baderin and Fauzi Ahmad. The vital participation ofgraduate students and junior faculty at the AMSS-UK and the AMSS-USconference in Washington, DC, the prior weekend indicates the growingpresence of Muslims in western academia.Asad Ahmad was master of ceremonies and Yusuf El-Khoie from theKhoie Foundation gave the opening remarks. The keynote address inauguratedthe conference and was followed by a plenary session. Paper sessionscomprised the rest of the event with a “book Iaunch” and final plenary sessionconcluding the program Sunday afternoon.Paper sessions were organized around various subthemes directly relatedto social responsibility and the future. Presenters reflected upon social welfare,the state, social policy and community development, law, health andsocial care, grassroots action, globalization and the media, education, andmethodologies and gender. The direct link between the Conference themeand paper sessions encouraged a lucid and fertile ground for intense discussion,paving the way for an emerging discourse on social responsibilityin Islam.The keynote address was delivered by Kamal Hassan, rector,International Islamic University, Malaysia, and established the importanceof scholars and academics in promoting social responsibility. He reflectedupon the role of universities in promoting social responsibility under globalization.At present, universities are reacting to globalization by adoptinga “corporatization of curriculum” and a “market driving” approach to ...

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