Vehicular Embedded System Architecture

2010 ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Chung-Ping Young
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Electronic Stability Program ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Data Acquisition Module

The dramatic advancement of IC technologies makes electronic devices be smaller and run faster, so they are able to implement more functions in a limited space. The car electronics play an increasingly important role in automobile industry, and the embedded system has already been extensively employed for improving the operation and performance of vehicles, such as safety, comfort, convenience, and energy consumption. In terms of electronic system, an automobile is a distributed embedded system, and the control messages to each electronic control unit (ECU), go through in-vehicle networks. An ECU is a computing system, integrated with a data acquisition module or an electromechanical driver. A variety of ECUs implement versatile functions, such as powertrain, antilock braking system (ABS), traction control system (TCS), adaptive cruise control (ACC), and electronic stability program (ESP), etc. Sensors provide measurements of specific vehicle parameters in a format suitable for the digital microcontroller, while actuators are electrically operated devices that drive electromechanical components. Human machine interface is the input and output of vehicle operations to users.

Performance Evaluation of the Embedded System for Automated Manual Transmissions Using Test Rig

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 1427-1430
Author(s):  
Ki Won Han ◽  
Wan Sik Ryu ◽  
Jae Wook Jeon ◽  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Hyun Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
The Embedded System

Drivers are becoming more fatigued and uncomfortable as traffic densities increase, and so, can show slower reaction time. They then face the danger of traffic accidents due to their inability to cope with frequent shifting. To reduce this risk, some drivers prefer automatic transmissions to manual transmissions. However, automatic transmission requires both higher fuel consumptions and costs. For this reason, attention to automated manual transmission that can provide high efficiency, low cost and easy manufacturability has been increasing. In addition, the function and performance of the electronic control unit of automobiles has improved continually and rapidly with the growing electronics technology. The ECU is a representative embedded system in automobiles, which has to satisfy high performance and reliability under the constraints of size and cost. In this paper, the embedded system platform for automobiles is developed on the basis of MPC565, and a test rig is developed to perform the basic function test for automatic clutch actuation. The developed embedded system and clutch control algorithm are validated by the experimental results performed on the test rig.

scholarly journals Continuous Automotive Software Updates through Container Image Layers

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ayres ◽  
Lipika Deka ◽  
Daniel Paluszczyszyn
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Automotive Software ◽  
Software Updating ◽  
Software Updates ◽  
Functional Software

The vehicle-embedded system also known as the electronic control unit (ECU) has transformed the humble motorcar, making it more efficient, environmentally friendly, and safer, but has led to a system which is highly dependent on software. As new technologies and features are included with each new vehicle model, the increased reliance on software will no doubt continue. It is an undeniable fact that all software contains bugs, errors, and potential vulnerabilities, which when discovered must be addressed in a timely manner, primarily through patching and updates, to preserve vehicle and occupant safety and integrity. However, current automotive software updating practices are ad hoc at best and often follow the same inefficient fix mechanisms associated with a physical component failure of return or recall. Increasing vehicle connectivity heralds the potential for over the air (OtA) software updates, but rigid ECU hardware design does not often facilitate or enable OtA updating. To address the associated issues regarding automotive ECU-based software updates, a new approach in how automotive software is deployed to the ECU is required. This paper presents how lightweight virtualisation technologies known as containers can promote efficient automotive ECU software updates. ECU functional software can be deployed to a container built from an associated image. Container images promote efficiency in download size and times through layer sharing, similar to ECU difference or delta flashing. Through containers, connectivity and OtA future software updates can be completed without inconveniences to the consumer or incurring expense to the manufacturer.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of Automatic Temperature Control and Alert System Based PIC16F887

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Jabbar Shaati Jahlool
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Central Control Unit ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Equivalent Program

In this research, the design and simulation of an automatic system for temperature control using embedded system in order to automatically control of multi appliances depend on the temperature value. The appliances will be controlled are ventilation, cooling, heating and alert. This is an order to avoid or reduce to human intervention and increase system reliability. An important feature of this automation process is to reduce or eliminate the possibility of relying on the human factor operator for industries, warehouses and laboratories, and to improve working and performance environments. The system in this paper used the microcontroller PIC16F887 as the central control unit, LM35 temperature sensor as a temperature source,16x2 liquid crystal display (LCD) as indicator to display the different system working status an addition to some of drivers, relay and light emitting diodes (LED) as indicators to display the corresponding working appliance driver. The implementation and simulation of the system work has been achieved by using Proteus professional software v8.0 and mikroc pro for pic v.6.6.1 software to write the equivalent program and generate. Hex file for system working.

scholarly journals Automating Loading and Locking of New Generation Air-cargo Containers

2019 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 04019
Author(s):  
Georgios Bolanakis ◽  
Konstantinos Machairas ◽  
Konstantinos Koutsoukis ◽  
Athanasios Mastrogeorgiou ◽  
Michael Loupis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Position Controller ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Electrical Components

In this paper, an outline of NTUA’s work in the framework of project INTELLICONT is presented. We describe the current state of the air-cargo handling procedures and how the autonomous system that is under development is going to simplify these and increase the overall efficiency. Important issues and challenges regarding the system's development are discussed and a preliminary design of the novel robotic platform is given. The main tasks of this platform include the autonomous motion and locking of containers with mass exceeding one tone, avoiding at the same time obstacles and surpassing terrain discontinuities. Information regarding the selected actuators and other key electrical components, such as motor drivers and sensors are provided also. The architecture of the embedded system and the specifications of the selected Central Control Unit are described, as well as the integration of the motor drivers, sensors and other peripherals with the Robot Operating System (ROS). Further details on the development of a high accuracy localization system, which is mandatory to lock the container safely to the corresponding positions are provided also. In addition, we give details regarding the locking mechanism with integrated monitoring functionalities, an important part of the system. Simulation experiments validate the selected position controller and key system specifications are highlighted based on results. Finally, recent prototype experiments conducted to verify the localization system are presented.

scholarly journals POWER ESTIMATOR DEVELOPMENT FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM MEMORY TUNING

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 459-475
Author(s):  
FRANK VAHID ◽  
TONY GIVARGIS ◽  
SUSAN COTTERELL
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Memory Hierarchy ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
System Memory ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Memory Accesses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Memory accesses account for a large percentage of total power in microprocessor-based embedded systems. The increasing use of microprocessor cores and synthesis, rather than prefabricated microprocessor chips, creates the opportunity to tune a memory hierarchy to the one program that will execute in the embedded system. Such tuning requires fast and accurate estimation of the power and performance of different memory configurations. We describe a general three-step approach to developing such estimators, based on our experiences on several different projects. Each step is increasingly fast, using the previous step to gauge accuracy. The first step uses high-level functional simulation, the second step uses trace simulation, and the third step uses equations. A tool developer can follow these three steps to create a powerful environment for core users to support synthesis of the best memory hierarchy for a particular embedded system. The approach can be applied to components other than memory also.

scholarly journals Estudio de los efectos en los sistemas de iluminación electrónica en función de la calidad de la energía en los sistemas automotrices

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
José Mendoza-Rivera ◽  
Mario Alberto Juarez-Balderas ◽  
Adolfo Rafael Nunez-Lopez ◽  
Gerardo Vázquez-Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Automotive Systems ◽  
Power Stage

Currently, the combustion cars of a large number of electronic equipment: the electronic control unit, position sensors, flow sensors, automatic brake system, ABS system, among others. Currently and in broad strokes cars a set of mechanical parts controlled by an electronic system. In the future, cars are fully electronic, but prior to this step, hybrid cars will be developed which have their respective electric motors controlled by a power stage and their internal combustion engine (Cevallos 2016). This paper identifies the disturbances in the automotive systems that are introduced to the micro network of the automobile, its effects to analyze the effects that may have on the LED lighting system. Objetivos: Estudiar los transitorios y permanentes en automóviles para clasificar su comportamiento. Analizar las perturbaciones que pudieran ser perjudiciales para los sistemas electrónicos del automóvil. Cuantificar de perturbaciones a partir de la Transformada Rápida de Fourier (FFT). Estudio y análisis de los efectos a través de la simulación numérica de los transitorios en convertidos de CD-CD empleado para la iluminación.

scholarly journals Automotive Real-Time Data Acquisition Using Wi-Fi Connected Embedded System

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faiz Ab Rahman ◽  
Hazlina Selamat ◽  
Ahmad Jais Alimin ◽  
Mohd Taufiq Muslim ◽  
Muhammad Mazizan Msduki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Minimal Data

The advancement in embedded systems, which includes the mass deployment of internet-connected electronics, allows the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), to become a reality. This paper discusses one example of how an internet-connected embedded system is utilized in an automotive system. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which functions as a control unit in a fuel injection system, are equipped with Wi-Fi capability and installed on 110cc motorcycle. The ECU is connected to multiple sensors that is used by the ECU as part of control system, as well as giving raw data in real time to the server by using Wi-Fi as the communication medium. The server will accumulate data transmitted from ECU by using MQTT protocol, chosen due to its minimal data profile. The data can be visualized through web portal, or opened by any other web-enabled devices. The data collected may also be used later for any other purposes, such as On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system, etc.

Size Matters – Embedding as an Enabler of Next-Generation SiPs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000740-000744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Renaud-Bezot
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Passive Component ◽  
3D Packaging ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Large Production ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Electrical Connections

Embedding is a relatively new packaging technology involving the use of (for example) laminates to encapsulate the active and/or passive component, as well as PCB and/or SMT processes for electrical connections. The embedded system can be used in that condition, or further processed to create a System-in-Package (or System-in-Board in case of larger assemblies). In that last case, the SiP (respectively SiB) is treated like any other substrate (respectively PCB). In the search for higher integration, embedding is gaining traction as an alternative 3D-packaging solution, due to its multiple advantages: high integration, large production format, intrinsic matching to PCB in terms of pitch and CTE characteristics, mechanical stability and possibility to adapt substrate properties based on specific requirements (Dk, thermal conductivity…). The various players in the field are raking in new design-ins, and production volumes are rapidly increasing. Those characteristics mean that embedded packages are directly competing with several other packaging architectures routinely used in smartphone applications:- Almost as small as WL-CSPs while being more robust and offering better thermal behavior,- Smaller than QFNs with similar thermal properties,- Thinner than PoPs while allowing easier 3D integration,- SiP architecture to decrease PCB-level cost-of-ownership. Smartphone manufacturers are constantly demanding increased reliability and performance, while requesting from packages to enable higher functionalities in smaller form factors. This document compares multiple architectures meeting the tight height requirements from the smartphone industry, and proves that embedding is a valid enabler in the quest for higher integration. It also shows the latest developments in terms

scholarly journals Low-Cost FPGA-Based Electronic Control Unit for Vehicle Control Systems

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Pérez Fernández ◽  
Manuel Alcázar Vargas ◽  
Juan M. Velasco García ◽  
Juan A. Cabrera Carrillo ◽  
Juan J. Castillo Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Binary File ◽  
Arm Processor

The development of new control algorithms in vehicles requires high economic resources, mainly due to the use of generic real-time instrumentation and control systems. In this work, we proposed a low-cost electronic control unit (ECU) that could be used for both development and implementation. The proposed electronic system used a hybrid system on chip (SoC) between a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and an Advanced RISC (reduced instruction set computer) Machine (ARM) processor that allowed the execution of parallel tasks, fulfilling the real-time requirements that vehicle controls demand. Another feature of the proposed electronic system was the recording of measured data, allowing the performance of the implemented algorithm to be evaluated. All this was achieved by using modular programming that, without the need for a real-time operating system, executed the different tasks to be performed, exploiting the parallelism offered by the FPGA as well as the dual core of the ARM processor. This methodology facilitates the transition between the designing, testing, and implementation stages in the vehicle. In addition, our system is programmed with a single binary file that integrates the code of all processors as well as the hardware description of the FPGA, which speeds up the updating process. In order to validate and demonstrate the performance of the proposed electronic system as a tool for the development and implementation of control algorithms in vehicles, a series of tests was carried out on a test bench. Different traction control system (TCS) algorithms were implemented and the results were compared.

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