scholarly journals POWER ESTIMATOR DEVELOPMENT FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM MEMORY TUNING

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 459-475
Author(s):  
FRANK VAHID ◽  
TONY GIVARGIS ◽  
SUSAN COTTERELL
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Memory Hierarchy ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
System Memory ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Memory Accesses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Memory accesses account for a large percentage of total power in microprocessor-based embedded systems. The increasing use of microprocessor cores and synthesis, rather than prefabricated microprocessor chips, creates the opportunity to tune a memory hierarchy to the one program that will execute in the embedded system. Such tuning requires fast and accurate estimation of the power and performance of different memory configurations. We describe a general three-step approach to developing such estimators, based on our experiences on several different projects. Each step is increasingly fast, using the previous step to gauge accuracy. The first step uses high-level functional simulation, the second step uses trace simulation, and the third step uses equations. A tool developer can follow these three steps to create a powerful environment for core users to support synthesis of the best memory hierarchy for a particular embedded system. The approach can be applied to components other than memory also.

Vehicular Embedded System Architecture

2010 ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Chung-Ping Young
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Electronic Stability Program ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Data Acquisition Module

The dramatic advancement of IC technologies makes electronic devices be smaller and run faster, so they are able to implement more functions in a limited space. The car electronics play an increasingly important role in automobile industry, and the embedded system has already been extensively employed for improving the operation and performance of vehicles, such as safety, comfort, convenience, and energy consumption. In terms of electronic system, an automobile is a distributed embedded system, and the control messages to each electronic control unit (ECU), go through in-vehicle networks. An ECU is a computing system, integrated with a data acquisition module or an electromechanical driver. A variety of ECUs implement versatile functions, such as powertrain, antilock braking system (ABS), traction control system (TCS), adaptive cruise control (ACC), and electronic stability program (ESP), etc. Sensors provide measurements of specific vehicle parameters in a format suitable for the digital microcontroller, while actuators are electrically operated devices that drive electromechanical components. Human machine interface is the input and output of vehicle operations to users.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Self-Confidence and Performance of Gymnastic Elements // Povezanost samopouzdanja i uspješnosti izvođenja gimnastičkih elemenata

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Mrđa ◽  
Saša Jovanović ◽  
Sanja Srdić ◽  
Adrijana Ljubojević
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Back Handspring ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Confidence Scale

The aim of this research was to establish a relation between self-confidence and self-concept, on the one hand, and the performance of the apparatus elements and the floor routine, on the other. The research included 29 subjects, aged 20 to 27, with the average age of the subjects being 21 years old (M= 21.16, SD= 1.54). The following measurement instruments were used: RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and SC-6, as well as the evaluation of the performance of the floor exercises (side-to-side and front-to-back cartwheel, roundoff, front and back handspring, forward and backward flip) and a vault (squat through on the vault and straddle vault with pre-flight, front handspring on vault, roundoff vault) and with the apparatus: the high bar (uprise on bars with legs together, kip, front mill circle, back circle, underswing dismount) and the parallel bars (swing, forward roll, back roll, shoulder stand, front toss dismount, back toss dismount) by a three-member committee. The results showed that Rosenberg’s confidence scale produced statistically significant correlations with all the remaining subscales of moderate or high intensity, and the highest one with the scale of the self-concept (rs= .73), while the lowest one with the scale related to the performance of gymnastic elements on the apparatus (rs = .45) (Cohen, 1988 according to Cumming, 2012). In contrast to this scale, the scale of the self-concept is in statistically significant correlation with the gymnastic elements (rs = .61) on the floor and the vault, while the statistically significant correlation of this scale is missing with the gymnastic elements on the apparatus. It can be concluded that a high level of confidence in one’s own abilities through the entire training period enabled a better access to learning, repetition and, finally, the demonstration of the selected gymnastics elements, while the level of general satisfaction was not a decisive factor in the process.

Model-Driven Design and ASM-Based Validation of Embedded Systems

2010 ◽  
pp. 24-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Gargantini ◽  
Elvinia Riccobene ◽  
Patrizia Scandurra
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
System Level ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
On Chip ◽  
High Level

In the embedded system and System-on-Chip (SoC) design area, the increasing technological complexity coupled with requests for more performance and shorter time to market have caused a high interest for new methods, languages and tools capable of operating at higher levels of abstraction than the conventional system level. This chapter presents a model-driven and tool-assisted development process of SoCs, which is based on high-level UML design of system components, guarantees SystemC code generation from graphical models, and allows validation of system behaviors on formal models automatically derived from UML models. An environment for system design and analysis is also presented, which is based on a UML profile for SystemC and the Abstract State Machine formal method.

MATADOR: AN EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT FOR SYSTEM-DESIGN

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 503-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL MARCHAL ◽  
MURALI JAYAPALA ◽  
SAMUEL XAVIER DE SOUZA ◽  
PENG YANG ◽  
FRANCKY CATTHOOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Memory Hierarchy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Design Methodologies ◽  
Level Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Instruction Memory ◽  
Task Level

We present a modular platform simulation environment to estimate the energy consumption and performance of distributed systems in a Systems-on-Chip context. We use the simulation environment to support the development of our high-level design methodologies. More in particular, we steer and verify the development of a task-level data transfer and storage methodology, the development of a task-level scheduling methodology and the development of an instruction memory management methodology. All of these methodologies are focussed on reducing the overall energy consumption of the complex dynamic system on a heterogeneous platform architecture. Compared to research in the academic and industrial context, our contribution is to integrate in a scalable way existing energy and performance simulators of the components of a heterogeneous multiprocessor SoC. Also a novel instruction memory hierarchy is included. The simulation environment consists of multiple processing nodes connected to a distributed memory hierarchy. To reduce the energy consumption of the system, both the processing nodes as well as the memory architecture can be varied: the processing voltage of each node can be tuned and the memory hierarchy can be fully customized. The integration of dynamic real-time applications on this platform is simplified by the availability of a multi-processor RTOS. The use of the simulator to develop our high-level design methodologies is illustrated on real-life multimedia applications.

scholarly journals Transformer Parameters Monitoring System using MATLAB Simulink

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish C. Jangam1 ◽  
Prof. D.G. Chougule ◽  
A. S. Mali
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
System Memory ◽  
The Embedded System

Transformer is an important component of an electrical distribution system. Hence it is important to monitor transformers for problems before faults occur. This system is about design and implementation of embedded system to monitor and record key parameters of a distribution transformer like load currents,voltage and temperature. It is installed at the distribution transformer site and the above parameters are recorded using the analog to digital converter (ADC) of the embedded system. The obtained parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If any abnormality or an emergency situation occurs the system takes immediate action to avoid it. This system will help the transformers to operate smoothly and identify problems before any failure. proposed system is low cost, easy to use capable of monitoring and displaying data using matlab[1,6].

scholarly journals Hardware/Software Co-design Flow Using Automatic Generation of Embedded System Framework Based on Interacting FSM Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-877
Author(s):  
Arif Sasongko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
System Framework ◽  
Code Generator ◽  
Finite State ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Automatic Code ◽  
High Level

Today’s embedded System is complex. An embedded system design project may involve of various engineering field. A rapidly-available and well-defined framework code brings advantages to the team consists of many engineers from various domains. This framework must be easy to use for communication purpose and analysis (model). This paper proposes a design flow based on a model which is high level but precise enough to use in automatic generation of the embedded system framework code. The model is flexible for rapid modification. The event driven paradigm and the FSM are used in the model. The design flow uses the model to generate framework code based on an existing platform. The work presented in this paper produces tool for the generation which is called EBGES. The proposed model describes the system as set of finite state machines (FSM) and events. This model serves for two purposes: (1) to be discussed by the developers/various engineers before deciding the platform and the architecture of the system, (2) to be used for generating the framework code. An automatic code generator is developed to produce a framework code from the model. The framework consists of (1) the FSM for every block, (2) communications between the FSMs, (3) function prototypes (for software) for function used by FSM, (4) interface of hardware module used by the FSMs, (5) instantiation of the platform. The generator software takes the model in form of annotated diagrams which are created schematically using a GUI environment. The diagrams follow UML standard. The outputs are VHDL code for hardware and C code for the software part. Example of calculator application is developed to test the tool and the flow. The generated framework code in the calculator experiment accelerated the development. Up to 51% of the code is generated automatically and 49 % of the code is written manually. The result of the experiment shows significantly improvement on design productivity which is the comes from: (1) abstraction of the behavior of subsystems/modules (HW or SW) by hiding unnecessary detail and (2) automatic generation of the framework code.

Size Matters – Embedding as an Enabler of Next-Generation SiPs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000740-000744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Renaud-Bezot
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Passive Component ◽  
3D Packaging ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Large Production ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Electrical Connections

Embedding is a relatively new packaging technology involving the use of (for example) laminates to encapsulate the active and/or passive component, as well as PCB and/or SMT processes for electrical connections. The embedded system can be used in that condition, or further processed to create a System-in-Package (or System-in-Board in case of larger assemblies). In that last case, the SiP (respectively SiB) is treated like any other substrate (respectively PCB). In the search for higher integration, embedding is gaining traction as an alternative 3D-packaging solution, due to its multiple advantages: high integration, large production format, intrinsic matching to PCB in terms of pitch and CTE characteristics, mechanical stability and possibility to adapt substrate properties based on specific requirements (Dk, thermal conductivity…). The various players in the field are raking in new design-ins, and production volumes are rapidly increasing. Those characteristics mean that embedded packages are directly competing with several other packaging architectures routinely used in smartphone applications:- Almost as small as WL-CSPs while being more robust and offering better thermal behavior,- Smaller than QFNs with similar thermal properties,- Thinner than PoPs while allowing easier 3D integration,- SiP architecture to decrease PCB-level cost-of-ownership. Smartphone manufacturers are constantly demanding increased reliability and performance, while requesting from packages to enable higher functionalities in smaller form factors. This document compares multiple architectures meeting the tight height requirements from the smartphone industry, and proves that embedding is a valid enabler in the quest for higher integration. It also shows the latest developments in terms

scholarly journals FUNDING AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-LEVEL INDIVIDUAL SPORT IN BENIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 532-537
Author(s):  
Akouete Coffi David ◽  
◽  
Ahounouaïkpe Fifamin Judith ◽  
Hounsou Semako Julien ◽  
Dansou H. Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Individual Sports

This research work entitled Financing of high performance individual sport in Benin aims to analyze on the one hand, the effects of insufficient funding of high performance athletes in Benin on the development of individual sport and support of their elites and, on the other hand, the type of funding that would be best suited to this situation in Benin. It focuses on three sources of funding for sport: public funding, self-funding and other sources of funding. The results of the study show that, on the one hand, the insufficiency of the budgets allocated to high-performance individual sports constitutes in part an obstacle to the development of this type of sport, and on the other hand, that public funding does not favor not the improvement of the performance of high performance individual athletes, compared to other sources of sport funding.

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