Women and Globalization

Author(s):  
Mercedes Sánchez-Apellániz ◽  
Miriam Núñez ◽  
Maria José Charlo-Molina

There are two schools of thought in analyzing the effects of globalization on women. One school, basically optimistic but with some reserves, argues that participation in global trade and in financial markets will improve the situation of all citizens, including women. The other has got a more critical perspective and argues that economic globalization will further increase existing inequalities and will lead to new ones. Both sides of the discussion on the effects of globalization on women are valid, but there is a the need to go beyond the sterile debate on whether globalization is good or bad, and reach a more constructive and wider-scope debate on how to achieve the best possible outcomes of globalization for women. Globalization must be analyzed from a multidimensional perspective and it is only by means of this process and by analyzing the real experiences of actors in adapting to globalization that we can understand the true outreach of globalization. According to this alternative perspective and in trying to develop a constructive debate on the impact of globalization on women a set of practices have to be detected, analyzed, and promoted in order to minimize the negative impacts of globalization on women and reinforce the positive ones. They include, among others: cultural change; sustained and mutually-agreed action programs among business schools, companies, and other interest groups such as the public sector; and removing the glass ceiling in MNCs, including codes of conduct as a part of their corporate social responsibility.

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
Elena Vorobey ◽  
Liudmila Belosluttceva ◽  
Olesya Fesenko

The need of corporate social responsibility development is mostly explained with the fact that the states do not cope with the solution of problems of a social assistance of the population. But as the state undertakes all social burden of the population, the need for corporate social responsibility disappears. So, it is substantiate to adopt the other approach -the importance to proceed from essence of society as certain social system -system of people, their certain communities connected with each other by the public relations, and their interests. Stable, steady existence of this system is possible only at mutual adjustment of all its structural parts -adjustment of mutual interests.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Intan Puspitasari

Abstract. Nowadays the community considers social media as one of the most important things in daily life. For the social media community is a form of self-editing exporters, for example, many anonymous accounts that violate ethics in their use in social media such as accounts to spread hoaxes, build hatred, and are provocative, but on the other hand anonymous accounts have a positive impact if used wisely. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of anonymous accounts for the public from the positive and negative sides of using anonymous accounts. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis of anonymous accounts on social media and through interviews from several sources with an analysis of positive and negative impacts. The results showed that an anonymous Twitter account can be a medium to pour out your heart through writing. Twitter can be an entertainment for users through uploading posts, photos and videos.


Author(s):  
Gavin Fridell

The globalization of production chains has triggered an abundance of political consumer campaigns aimed at promoting global social and environmental responsibility. What is the most effective way to conceptualize and gauge the impact of these campaigns? This chapter explores these issues through an examination of the global value chain (GVC) and similar approaches used to assess the impact of codes of conduct and corporate social responsibility on the production end of the chain. After summarizing key GVC research, the discussion examines a range of critiques of both the GVC approach and the limits of political consumerism. The conclusion reflects on two different frameworks, the system of provision and global poverty chain approaches, which provide foundational critiques of GVC analysis and open new paths for research and ways to rethink political consumerism and the globalization of production and consumption.


Author(s):  
Luciano Fanti ◽  
Domenico Buccella

AbstractIn a duopoly network industry with decentralised union wage setting, this paper studies the impact of the firms’ engagement in consumer-friendly corporate social responsibility (CSR) on profitability and welfare. It is shown that, regardless of whether the wage setting occurs prior to or after the choice of the CSR levels, being a CSR-type firm rather than a simple profit-maximiser can lead to larger profits and thus higher welfare for their owners/stakeholders. However, the welfare analysis reveals that there is always conflict of interest between the firms’ owners on the one side and consumers, unions, and society on the other side, with respect for the timing of the decision about CSR relative to that of the wage setting.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter MUCHLINSKI

Abstract This contribution discusses business attitudes to human rights obligations and how the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) have affected them. These are best understood historically through a number of periods. The first, between the mid-1970s and the end of the 1980s, coincides with intergovernmental organization-based codifications relevant to corporate social responsibility. Business representatives were highly defensive towards extensive international legal obligations not only in relation to human rights but to corporate social responsibility (CSR) more generally. This was followed by a period of ‘voluntarism’. By the 1990s, businesses had accepted that there could be a link between their operations and human rights violations but continued to reject binding legal duties. Instead, businesses opted for voluntary codes of conduct based on individual corporate, or sectoral, initiatives. It was out of this period that the UN Global Compact emerged. ‘Voluntarism’ continues into the third period, the era of the UNGPs. The UNGPs can be characterized by ‘institutionalized voluntarism’ achieved through the framework for business and human rights represented by the UNGPs. Each period will be examined followed by a concluding section that considers business attitudes to an emerging fourth period that introduces legal obligations through mandatory due diligence laws.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-36
Author(s):  
Faezy Adenan ◽  
Siti Amirah Abd Rahghni ◽  
Hairunnizam Wahid ◽  
Sanep Ahmad

Abstract The awareness of paying zakat among Muslim entrepreneurs in Selangor is still low. In fact, the study found that the contribution of business zakat collection is still low compared to the payment of income zakat in Selangor. This phenomenon will actually reduce the space and potential distribution of zakat by Selangor Zakat Board (LZS) that can be more comprehensive and fair. The question is whether this issue can be resolved by the LZS by introducing a form of obedience paying business zakat awards in the form of a specific logo? Of course, the award of this logo is as recognition to the organizations that adhere consistently paying business zakat and has carried out corporate social responsibility (CSR). The logo is actually a form of good corporate image to an organization that is likely to be a form of product marketing medium to the public and will ultimately benefit the economy. Therefore, this study aims to measure the impact of the introduction of this logo to the entrepreneurs’ possibilities to pay business zakat. The study also tested several variables that affect the adherence of paying business zakat including the attitude of entrepreneurs, corporate image, as well as a factor of economic profitability. The study interviewed 210 Muslim entrepreneur respondents in Klang and Petaling, Selangor. A model of compliance payment of zakat was built by inserting variable paying zakat compliance logo. The study found that the awareness of paying business zakat is still low, but if the introduction of a compliance logo to pay business zakat was introduced by LZS, there is a possibility that the corporate zakat payment will increase. The study found that the proposals to create this logo have reacted positively and significantly correlated with the formation of the identity and CSR image of an organization or company. Some implications are also being discussed in this study. Keywords: Muslim entrepreneur, Recognition logo of paying business zakat, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Abstrak Kesedaran membayar zakat perniagaan dalam kalangan usahawan Muslim di Selangor masih lagi rendah. Malah kajian ini mendapati sumbangan kutipan zakat perniagaan juga masih lagi rendah berbanding pembayaran zakat pendapatan di Selangor. Fenomena ini sebenarnya akan mengurangkan ruang dan potensi pengagihan zakat oleh Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) yang lebih menyeluruh dan adil. Persoalannya adakah isu ini dapat diatasi oleh pihak LZS dengan memperkenalkan satu bentuk anugerah kepatuhan membayar zakat perniagaan dalam bentuk logo tertentu. Sudah pastilah penganugerahan logo ini sebagai satu pengiktirafan kepada organisasi yang patuh membayar zakat perniagaan secara konsisten dan telah menjalankan tanggungjawab sosial syarikat (CSR). Logo ini sebenarnya merupakan satu bentuk imej korporat yang baik kepada sesebuah organisasi yang berkemungkinan menjadi satu bentuk medium pemasaran produk kepada masyarakat dan akhirnya akan mendapat keuntungan ekonomi. Justeru kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kesan cadangan pengenalan logo ini terhadap kemungkinan usahawan tersebut membayar zakat perniagaan. Kajian ini juga turut menguji beberapa pemboleh ubah yang lain yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan membayar zakat perniagaan termasuklah faktor sikap usahawan, imej korporat, serta faktor untung ekonomi. Kajian menemu bual seramai 210 responden usahawan Muslim di daerah Klang dan daerah Petaling, Selangor. Satu model kepatuhan pembayaran zakat perniagaan dibina dengan memasukkan pemboleh ubah logo kepatuhan membayar zakat. Hasil kajian mendapati kesedaran membayar zakat perniagaan masih lagi rendah namun sekiranya pengenalan logo kepatuhan membayar zakat ini diperkenalkan oleh LZS, kajian mendapati kemungkinan berlaku peningkatan dalam pembayaran zakat korporat. Kajian mendapati cadangan-cadangan mewujudkan logo ini mendapati reaksi yang positif dan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan pembentukan identiti serta imej CSR sesebuah organisasi atau syarikat. Beberapa implikasi kajian turut dibincangkan dalam kajian ini. Kata kunci: Usahawan Muslim, Logo Pengiktirafan Membayar Zakat Perniagaan, CSR


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmiani Asmiani ◽  
Hayari Hayari

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Apa latar belakang pembangunan Bandara Matahora di Pulau Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi, (2) Apa kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembangunan Bandara Matahora di Pulau Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi? (3) Apa dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap pembangunan Bandara Matahora di Pulau Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi? dan (4) Bagaimana Perkembangan pembangunan Bandara Matahora di Pulau Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang dikemukakan oleh Helius Sjamsuddin, yang terdiri atas 3 tahap yaitu: (1) Heuristik yakni mencari sumber melalui wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan penelitian lapangan, (2) Kritik Sumber terdiri atas kritik eksternal dan kritik internal guna mendapat data yang akurat, (3) Historiografi yang dimaksudkan dalam bentuk karya tulis kronologis, sistematis dan ilmiah. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa latar belakang perkembangan Bandara Matahora berawal dari pemikiran atau ide bupati wakatobi Ir. Hugua yang yang tergambar dalam visi misinya membangun dan menjadikan Kabupaten Wakatobi menjadi daerah yang digemari oleh banyak orang dengan visi “Terwujudnya Surga Nyta Bawah Laut di Pusat Segitiga Karang Dunia” (2) Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembangunan Bandara Matahora dapat dilihat dari pandangan masyarakat yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk respon dari masyarakat berkaitan dengan pembangunan Bandara Matahora serta kecenderungan rencana yang dilakukan pasca Bandara terbangun. Respon yang dimaksud adalah respon mengenai pembangunan Bandara Matahora. Misalnya dari satu pihak menerima adanya Bandara Matahora dipihak lain ada yang menolak pembangunan Bandara Matahora. (3) Dampak dari pembangunan Bandara Matahora ialah terdapat dampak yang bersifat positif dan yang bersifat negatif bagi masyarakat dan daerah. (4) Perkembangan pembangunan Bandara Matahora dari tahun ke tahun semakin bagus, dimana Bandara yang menjadi kebanggaan masyarakat tersebut digunakan dengan semaksimal mungkin dan pembangunan tambahan Bandara terus berkelanjutan hingga saat ini. Disamping itu, banyak wisatawan dalam dan luar negeri yang menggunakan Bandara Matahora tersebut sebagai alternatif yang memungkinkan perjalanan masyarakat bisa dijangkau dengan cepat. Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Bandara Matahora, Pulau Wangi-Wangi, dan Wakatobi ABSTRACT: The main problems in this study are: (1) What is the background of the development of Matahora Airport on Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi Regency, (2) What are the obstacles faced in the construction of Matahora Airport on Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi Regency? (3) What are the impacts on the construction of Matahora Airport on Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi Regency? and (4) How is the development of Matahora Airport development on Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi Regency? This research uses the historical method proposed by Helius Sjamsuddin, which consists of 3 stages, namely: (1) Heuristics which is looking for sources through interviews, library research, and field research, (2) Source Criticism consists of external criticism and internal criticism in order to obtain data accurate, (3) Historiography intended in the form of chronological, systematic and scientific writing. This research shows that the background of the development of Matahora Airport originated from the thoughts or ideas of the Regent of Wakatobi, Ir. Hugua, who is depicted in his vision and mission to build and make Wakatobi Regency a favorite area for many people with the vision of "Realizing the Underwater Paradise of the Sea at the Center of the World Coral Triangle" (2) Constraints faced in the construction of Matahora Airport can be seen from the view of the community that is realized in the form of response from the public relating to the construction of Matahora Airport and the tendency of plans to be carried out after the Airport was built. The response in question is the response regarding the construction of Matahora Airport. For example, from one party accepting the existence of Matahora Airport, on the other hand there are those who reject the construction of Matahora Airport. (3) The impact of Matahora Airport development is that there are positive and negative impacts on the community and the region. (4) The development of the Matahora Airport development from year to year is getting better, where the Airport which is the pride of the community is used to the maximum extent possible and the construction of additional airports continues to the present. In addition, many domestic and foreign tourists who use the Matahora Airport as an alternative that allows people's trips can be reached quickly. Keywords: History, Matahora Airport, Wangi-Wangi Island, and Wakatobi


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Yesi Herlina ◽  
Dian Anggraini Oktavia ◽  
Elvawati Elvawati

This article talks about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT. Visi Utama Mandir (PT. VUM). The company is engaged in mining iron ore. This article describes the company's CSR programs implemented, and to describe the impact of CSR programs to the community Jorong Koto Sungai Kunyit subdistrict Sangir Balai Janggo. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and descriptive. Determination of informants done Snowbolling Sampling. Collect data through interviews, observation and document study. The results showed that the company's CSR prorgam: the first, physical program, which the company provided assistance to the opening of new roads, road repair help communities, disaster relief, assistance for sports facilities, places of worship aid, and assistance every month. Second, non-physical program: health education and entrepreneurship training. Help the opening of new roads, easier access to public transportation. Help community road improvement, repair roads damaged in a residential area residents Jorong Koto Sungai Kunyit, to meet the public demand for transportation smoothly. Disaster relief, PT. VUM provide assistance such as: issuing machine, giving money, giving them the tools kitchen utensils, and others. Sporting equipments, awarded when a proper sports venues to be renovated in order to better the welfare of society. Help places of worship, giving donations and assistance to local houses of worship, with the aim of increasing public worship and religious knowledge. Help regularly every month, every month the implementation of assistance is provided to all households in Jorong Turmeric and Jorong Koto Sungai Sungai Sungkai, to help meet the basic needs of societyTulisan ini mengulas tentang program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT.VUM. Perusahaan ini bergerak dalam bidang tambang biji besi. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan program CSR yang dilaksanakan perusahaan, serta mendeskripsikan dampak program CSR kepada masyarakat Jorong Koto Sungai Kunyit Kecamatan Sangir Balai Janggo. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif. Penentuan informan dilakukan secara Snowbolling Sampling. Cara mengumpulkan data dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prorgam CSR yang dilakukan perusahaan ada dua;pertama, program fisik, dimana perusahaan memberi bantuan untuk pembukaan jalan baru, bantuan perbaikan jalan masyarakat, bantuan bencana, bantuan untuk sarana olahraga, bantuan tempat ibadah, dan bantuan rutin setiap bulan. Kedua, program non fisik yaitu: penyuluhan kesehatan dan pelatihan kewirausahaan. Bantuan pembukaan jalan baru, mempermudah akses transportasi masyarakat. Bantuan perbaikan jalan masyarakat, perbaikan jalan yang rusak di daerah perumahan warga Jorong Koto Sungai Kunyit dan jalan sekitar Nagari Sungai Kunyit, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap transportasi yang lancar. Bantuan bencana, PT. VUM memberi bantuan seperti: mengeluarkan alat berat, memberi uang, memberi alat perkakas dapur, dan lain-lain. Bantuan sarana olahraga, diberikan apabila tempat-tempat olahraga semestinya untuk direnovasi agar kesejahteraan masyarakat lebih baik. Bantuan tempat ibadah, memberikan sumbangan serta bantuan kepada rumah ibadah setempat, dengan tujuan meningkatkan ibadah dan pengetahuan agama masyarakat. Bantuan rutin setiap bulan, penerapan bantuan rutin setiap bulan ini diberikan kepada seluruh KK yang ada di Jorong Koto Sungai Kunyit dan Jorong Sungai Sungkai, untuk membantu pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok masyarakat


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Kelly Basile

Purpose Despite the significant investment in research on corporate social responsibility (CSR), there still exists a lack of clarity in terms of how different types of CSR activities lead to the outcomes a firm desires with their investment in CSR. The purpose of this paper is to provide greater insight on the relationship between types of CSR activities and brand equity (BE). The authors develop and test a conceptual framework, which examines the unique relationship between each CSR dimension and BE, as well as the interaction of product-related CSR activities and employee-related CSR activities with CSR activities across the other dimensions. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from multiple secondary sources, including Kinder, Lydenberg and Domini (KLD) Research and Analytics Inc., Interbrand, Compustat and CMR. The authors used random-effect estimations to estimate panel regressions of BE as a function of the different dimensions of a firm’s CSR, interaction terms between CSR dimensions and product quality and interaction terms between employee relations and other CSR dimensions, as well as a set of control variables and Year dummy variables. Findings Based upon a large-scale panel data set including 78 firms for the period of 2000–2014, the results show that diversity- and governance-related CSR have a positive effect on BE, employee-related CSR has a negative effect on BE and both product and employee dimensions play important roles in the relationships between other CSR dimensions and BE. These results have important implications for both theory and practice. Originality/value This study makes several contributions to extant literature on CSR and brand strength. First, this study examines the impact of CSR on BE vs alternative measures of brand-related outcomes. This study uses the KLD database to determine scores for firm CSR activity. It is the first to use the extensive KLD database to examine the relationship between types of CSR activities and BE. Last, this study seeks to better understand some of the organizational factors which influence the success of CSR outcomes. Specifically, the research will examine the interaction of product-related and employee-related CSR activities with CSR activities across the other dimensions.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7965
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kurowski ◽  
Katarzyna Huk

The development of the economy is related not only to its benefits, but also its negative aspects. One of the negative impacts is the impact on the environment and society. Many types of industry and, in a narrower sense, of enterprises, adversely affect their surroundings. It is one of the many factors that has contributed to the growing popularity of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It is important to balance business and industry with the environment and community impacts. This study presents selected aspects of corporate social responsibility, such as society, the environment, and corporate governance in relation to the industry responsible for energy production and distribution. This group includes the energy sector (mining oil, gas, consumer fuels, and energy equipment and services), the materials sector (metallurgy and mining), as well as distribution (gas, electricity supply, independent energy producers, and renewable energy). The aim of the article was to present the level of implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility in enterprises responsible for the production and supply of energy. The article uses the analysis of the literature and the statistical analysis showing the level of use of the described concept in the analysed entities. It was based on an analysis of 1904 companies from 41 countries around the world. The article presents the level of implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility in selected sectors, divided into three areas: social, environmental, and corporate governance. In each of them, the analysis was performed with regard to the selected, most important factors. In addition, an analysis of the described industry, in relation to the others, is presented, which shows the level of use of individual CSR aspects. Thus, it shows which criteria are followed by enterprises in their activities and indicates the real areas of CSR impact on companies.


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