Politeness as a Theoretical and Empirical Framework for Studying Relational Communication in Computer-mediated Contexts

2010 ◽  
pp. 776-794
Author(s):  
David A. Morand
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Work ◽  
Relational Communication ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Communicative Efficiency ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Empirical Framework

This conceptual chapter draws on the sociolinguistic theory of politeness, showing how politeness provides a robust theoretical and empirical framework that can be usefully applied to the study of relational ties in computer-medicated-communication. The chapter first reviews politeness theory, and shows how politeness is operationalized relative to a definable set of linguistic indices that are used throughout everyday discourse to communicate respect and esteem for others’ face. The chapter then discusses how recognition of the central role of face-work in social interchange can enhance our understanding of why and where emotion-work might occur in CMC, how such emotion-work (in the form of politeness) can be reliably observed and quantitatively measured at a linguistic level of analysis, and how the distribution of politeness phenomena is systematically related to relational variables that are mainstays of CMC research – variables such as socioemotional versus task orientation, status, cohesion, impersonality, friendship, and communicative efficiency.

The Middle East and Peaceful Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie M. Kacowicz ◽  
Galia Press-Barnathan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
Kurdish Question ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Analysis

The Middle East is often considered a war zone, and it rarely comes to mind as a region that includes cases of peaceful change. Yet several examples of peaceful change can be identified at different levels of analysis: international, regional, interactive, and domestic. This chapter first critically examines the impact of the broader global/systemic level of analysis on the prospects for peaceful change. It then moves to examine the regional level of analysis, exploring the Kurdish question and the Arab-Israeli conflict as a central axis of change, the role of the Arab League, and the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The chapter then examines the interactive, bilateral level of analysis, exploring peaceful territorial change in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, with reference to the successful Israeli-Egyptian negotiations of 1977–1979 and the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace process since 1993. Next, it explores the domestic level of analysis, focusing on domestic politics, the nature of ruling coalitions, and the implications of the domestic turmoil of the Arab Spring. The last section draws conclusions from each level of analysis, with implications about the prospects for peaceful change in the region.

Interventions of Speakers of Polish and British Parliaments in the light of politeness theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-109
Author(s):  
Dorota Brzozowska ◽  
Władysław Chłopicki
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
Politeness Theory

Abstract The present study attempts to analyze the interventions of Speakers of Polish and British Parliaments in the selected exchanges from 2018 to 2019 in terms of discourse-sensitive politeness theory advanced by Jonathan Culpeper. He proposes to use three types of impoliteness that affect three types of interlocutors’ faces via a range of impoliteness strategies. In the analyses we consider the linguistic, personal, and cultural as well as political context of the exchanges against the background of the unique, historically rooted institutional circumstances, with a special emphasis on the role of different physical contexts of respective Parliamentary chambers. We emphasize the discursive nature and continuum of (im)polite/(in)appropriate behaviors. In conclusion, the study falls back on Brown and Levinson’s tradition, argued not to be incompatible with Culpeper’s system, and confirms the existence of largely negative and largely positive politeness cultures, emphasizing the prevalence of Polish formal, impersonal, sometimes also affective impoliteness in contrast to the British somewhat more person-oriented, coercive impoliteness.

scholarly journals “Just Chatting”: Research Ethics and Cyberspace

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
Research Ethic ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Changing Role

Research conducted through computer-mediated communication is challenging traditional definitions of what is ethical research. In this article the author examines the changing role of assent/consent, confidentiality, and participant observation in qualitative research conducted in cyberspace. She concludes that REBs (research ethic boards) might be becoming more conservative in their decisions at the very moment that Internet research requires more flexibility and broader ethical definitions.

scholarly journals A study on the success of group formation and cohesiveness in virtual teams using computer mediated communications

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliel Melon ◽  
Yair Levy ◽  
Laurie P. Dringus
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Academic Major ◽  
Team Formation ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Computer Mediated Communications ◽  
Academic Year

While the Internet is a major business tool nowadays, individuals are still challenged to form teams and collaboration virtually. To evaluate the success of team formation in a virtual setting, this research study assessed the role of different computer-mediated communications (CMC) employed on the success of team formation measured by task performance (TP), team cohesiveness (TC), computer skills (CS) and social bond (SB), while assessing the differences on such relationships when controlled for gender, age, education level, academic major, as well as academic year. This research used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to address the hypotheses proposed. Using three teams and 140 participants, the results indicated that there is a significance difference in the role of CMC levels employed on the level of perception of CS in team formation. Also, there is a significance difference in the role of CMC levels employed on the levels of TP, when controlled for gender. In addition, there is a significance difference in the role of CMC levels employed (No-CMS/F2F, OLS, & OLS+SNS) on the levels of CS, when controlled for education, academic major and academic year. The results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge by helping organizations identify ways to support effective team formations.

scholarly journals Achieving employee support during the COVID-19 pandemic – the role of relational and informational crisis communication in Austrian organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Einwiller ◽  
Christopher Ruppel ◽  
Julia Stranzl
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relational Communication ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Crises

PurposeBased on social exchange theory, the study examines the influence of informational and relational internal communication on cognitive and affective responses and job engagement during organizational crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by means of an online survey among people working in organizations with a minimum of 10 employees (N = 1,033) and analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsResults show that informational and relational communication as organizational resources have a significant but distinct influence on how employees support their employer during the crisis. While informational communication influences employees' acceptance of managerial decisions, relational communication exerts most influence on affective commitment, which is the strongest driver of job engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design, specific crisis situation and geographic location are limitations of the study.Practical implicationsDelivering relevant information to employees quickly and reliably is important. Yet, relationship-oriented communication that demonstrates appreciation and allows for participation has even stronger effects on job engagement, which is essential to mastering challenges arising from a crisis.Social implicationsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations demanded much from their employees. In exchange, organizations should provide the resources information, status and love (Foa and Foa, 1980) by means of internal crisis communication.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates the role of different types of internal communication during organizational crises used to convey organizational resources, and it highlights the mediating role of acceptance and commitment to enhance employees' engagement at work.

scholarly journals The role of sex differences in detecting deception in computer-mediated communication in English

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Anna Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Detection Probabilities

<p>While  deception  seems  to  be  a  common  approach  in  interpersonal  communication,  most examination on interpersonal deception sees the sex of the interlocutor as unconnected with the capability to notice deceptive messages. This research studies the truth and deception detection capability  of  both  male  and  female  receivers  when  replying  to  both  true  and  deceptive messages  from  both  male  and  female  speakers.  The  outcomes  indicate  that  sex  may  be  a significant variable in comprehending the interpersonal detection probabilities of truth and of lies. An interaction of variables including the speakers’ sex, receivers’ sex, and whether the message appears to be truthful or deceptive is created to relate to detection capability.</p>

scholarly journals Hacia una caracterización lingüística de las interacciones en WhatsApp

Triangle ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Marina Silva Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technological Context ◽  
New Type ◽  
Linguistic Level

The emergence of new communicative contexts and new forms of interaction has led to changes in the ways of communicating. Some authors speak of a new communicative paradigm caused by a new level of interaction arisen in the technological context. In this article, we focus on a new technology that can be included in the so-called computer mediated communication: WhatsApp. The aim of this work is to study WhatsApp interactions understood as a particular type of computer-mediated talks. Specifically we will: 1) Characterize the language used in WhatsApp interactions at every linguistic level, from phonetics to pragmatics, through morphology, vocabulary and syntax. 2) Analyze how the absence of nonverbal communication (paralanguage and kinesics) in such interactions is managed. 3) Determine whether WhatsApp interactions are manifestations of spoken or written language, or, on the contrary, they are a new type of language that cannot be classified as oral or written. And 4) determine whether WhatsApp interactions can be qualified as conversational.

scholarly journals Behavioral CEOs: The Role of Managerial Overconfidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Malmendier ◽  
Geoffrey Tate
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Corporate Investment ◽  
Financing Constraints ◽  
Managerial Overconfidence ◽  
Empirical Framework

In this paper, we provide a theoretical and empirical framework that allows us to synthesize and assess the burgeoning literature on CEO overconfidence. We also provide novel empirical evidence that overconfidence matters for corporate investment decisions in a framework that explicitly addresses the endogeneity of firms' financing constraints.

scholarly journals Personal and Social Responsibility Among Athletes: the Role of Self-Determination, Achievement Goals and Engagement

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Martins ◽  
António Rosado ◽  
Vítor Ferreira ◽  
Rui Biscaia
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Personal And Social Responsibility

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between motivation, engagement and personal and social responsibility among athletes. Based on the literature, a survey was conducted including measures of motivation, considering task orientation and ego orientation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. We also measured the components of engagement (dedication, confidence, vigor and enthusiasm) and the components of personal and social responsibility. A total of 517 athletes from different types of sports participated in the study. The results gathered through a structural equation model revealed that task orientation had the strongest relationship with personal responsibility and social responsibility, followed by engagement. Self-determination levels were not associated with personal and social responsibility. These results suggest that monitoring of task orientation and engagement levels should be performed by coaches as a strategy to develop personal and social responsibility among their athletes. Moreover, findings from this study provide scholars with a tool to aid them in managing athletes’ levels of personal and social responsibility.

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