The Role of Standards for E-Commerce in Virtual Worlds

2011 ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg H. Kloss
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
3D Graphics ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
3D Environments ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses the topic of standards for Virtual Worlds with emphasis on their usability as a stable and reliable basis for long-term investments into 3D-E-Commerce. The text explains why standards are important for the success of Virtual Worlds as well as the business in these shared online 3D environments, and what the relevant criteria are to decide for the right technology and/or provider. Although sometimes in the shadow of popular proprietary platforms there are already many different candidates for a Virtual World standard, currently in different states of development. By choosing a 3D platform, E-Commerce providers will decide about their business potential and at the same time strengthen one or another standard in the current technical competition phase. So it is important to get an overview about the current approaches, their advantages and disadvantages as well as the tendencies for the future developments. In this chapter the reader will be sensitized for the issues of standardization, compatibility and interoperability of Virtual Worlds for successful E-Commerce applications. An overview about the current approaches supports the orientation and decision for the different technologies. Some concrete XML-based code examples realized in the international ISO standard for interactive 3D-Graphics X3D demonstrates the practical deployment of highly compatible concepts. An outlook to the further integration of interactive 3D graphics into the Next Generation Web respectively the 3D Internet completes the overview.

The role of motivation in talent selection and ­development in competitive sport

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Talent Selection ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
The Right

The early and long-term development of promising young athletes is a decisive factor in being internationally competitive in top-level sports. Among the multitude of talent criteria suggested in the literature, motivation plays a prominent role in the area of psychological characteristics. It is recognised in practice and research as a relevant criterion for performance development across all sports. This article provides an overview of the current state of talent research in the field of motivation. First, the most common theories of motivation in competitive sports are described, then different measurement methods and their advantages and disadvantages as well as the predictive value of motivation for athletic performance are discussed. Finally, implications for practice are suggested. It can be summarised that motivation in sport is conceptualised and operationalised in different ways and that the decision for the right measurement instrument depends on the goal of the assessment. To get a comprehensive picture of an athlete’s motivational status, it is useful to assess several aspects of motivation through different methods.

scholarly journals Circular Agreements—Exploring the Role of Agreements and Deals as a Political Tool for a Circular Economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Eu

AbstractA problem for a circular economy, embedded in its policies, tools, technologies and models, is that it is driven by the interests and needs of producers, rather than customers and users. This opinion paper focuses on an alternative form of governance—agreements, which thanks to their bargaining approach brings actors from across the value chain into the policy process. The purpose of this opinion paper is to uncover and analyse the potential of such agreements for a circular economy. Circular agreements aim at increasing the circulation of materials and are an emerging form of political governance within the EU. These agreements have different names, involve different actors and govern in different ways. However, circular agreements seem to work when other types of regulations fail to establish circulation. These agreements bring actors together and offer a platform for negotiating how advantages and disadvantages can be redistributed between actors in a way that is more suitable for a circular economy. However, circular agreements are dependent on other policy instruments to work and can generate a free-rider problem with uninvolved actors. The agreements may also become too detailed and long term, which leads to problem shifting and lock-ins, respectively.

Gaining Insight

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-135
Author(s):  
Stacy Landreth Grau
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gaining Insight

Chapter 5 covers the fundamentals of marketing research. Research is vitally important to organizations, but it is not something many nonprofit organizations feel they can easily afford. This chapter outlines the process so that organizations can do it themselves or know enough to ask the right questions of others doing research for them. This chapter covers the various types of research and the advantages and disadvantages of each. It includes why to do marketing research and what types of questions should be asked. It also includes the role of the Internet—with social media in particular—as important avenues for research and insights. The chapter also includes a section on becoming a learning organization by putting these insights to systemic use.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Stents in Resistant Peptic Oesophageal Stricture: Is It the Right Way to Go?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955221881949
Author(s):  
Tom Richardson ◽  
Gerlin Naidoo ◽  
Namal Rupasinghe ◽  
Howard Smart ◽  
Sayantan Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Endoscopic Dilatation ◽  
Oesophageal Stricture ◽  
Peptic Stricture ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Biodegradable Stents ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
The Right

Peptic oesophageal stricture can be considered as the end result of prolonged gastro-oesophageal reflux. The ‘gold standard’ treatment for peptic stricture is endoscopic dilatation with balloon or bougie. It is predicted that up to 40% of patients remain symptomatic with dysphagia due to refractory (resistant to treatment) or recurrent strictures, needing frequent interventions at short intervals. Such patients have poor nutritional status due to the primary disease and are susceptible to complications related to repeated endoscopic dilatation such as bleeding and perforation. This general review aims to analyse existing published evidence and address the role of biodegradable stents in resistant peptic strictures as an alternative treatment to provide long-term dysphagia-free intervals.

scholarly journals Translation, Copyright & Authority

Pólemos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right

Abstract The UK copyright law regime presents the right to adapt as the sole, authoritative instrument in matters of legitimising translation; a legal “Big Other” conferring an otherwise unreal objective commodity status on what are instead always only ever individual and subjective acts of translation. Drawing primarily on the work of Theo Hermans, and the experiences of poet Jack Underwood in unsuccessfully attempting to formally translate poems by Mascha Kaléko, this article argues for (a) the development and (at the very least) implicit recognition of deviationist and subversive translative replies within – or at the very least alongside – the traditional UK legal schema and (b) a softening of the UK right to adapt by application of the integrity moral right to translations. In addition, a deeper quasi-Ungerian notion of institutional change that accommodates both principles (e. g. legitimate translations can, of course, be argued to exist, to which copyright accords) and counterprinciples (there are also, however, in the long term only multiple acts of translation, some preferred and commoditized, some existing outside that sphere, less functional and more creative/expressive but no less important and not to be prevented for those reasons) can also be advanced. Finally, a much broader critical point regarding the nature and role (or non-role) of law in the context of creative practices more generally can also be presented.

Analysis of the concept of «efficiency» and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Zaykin ◽  
Irina V. Kosorukova
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Comparative Description

Relevance. The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of «efficiency», which is a rather complex category of economic science. The essence of this concept is revealed. Today, evaluating the effectiveness of enterprises is a necessary requirement for maintaining and improving their competitiveness, and making the right management decisions. The purpose of the study is to develop a system for evaluating performance that would take into account the results of long-term investment decisions and changes in the external environment of enterprises. The objectives of the study are to analyze the modern interpretation of the concept of «efficiency», analyze approaches to assessing the effectiveness of enterprises and determine practically significant approaches to assessing the effectiveness of enterprises. Research result. The analysis of the studied definitions of the concept of «efficiency» has shown that today there is no single interpretation of this category. Common to all definitions is the idea of efficiency as the ability of the system to achieve the goal with minimal cost. As a result of the study, the systematization of the main approaches and methods for evaluating the efficiency of the state of enterprises was carried out. The article presents a comparative description of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of enterprises, which have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, which determines their use in different situations and for different industries. Special attention is paid to modern approaches to assessing the effectiveness of enterprises based on the assessment of strategic efficiency.

scholarly journals Creative Documentary Today: Challenges and Opportunities for Directors and Producers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Mirković
Keyword(s):  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
The One ◽  
High Risk Situation ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Situation

In today’s creative documentary, a director often decides to simultaneously assume the role of producer. This new situation has its own advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it gives the director/producer more freedom in story development and in leading a project. In addition, he or she is able to work more flexibly with the film budget and has a chance to change the direction of the project while following the storyline without fear that a producer will refuse such ideas. This position gives the director/producer room to work with smaller budgets and to claim the entire profit in the end. On the other hand, he or she must be prepared to work within a high-risk situation and assume complete responsibility.The new digital economy has opened opportunities to identify the most innovative ways to integrate digital platforms into the phases of story development, direction, promotion, and distribution of documentaries, thus allowing filmmakers to identify their niche audiences, build new value with it and find the right ways for monetization and revenue increase. Article received: December 30, 2017; Article accepted: January 10, 2018; Published online: April 15, 2018; Preliminary report – Short Communications How to cite this article: Mirković, Željko: "Creative Documentary Today: Challenges and Opportunities for Directors and Producers." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies15 (2018): . doi: 10.25038/am.v0i15.240

scholarly journals The Role of Entrepreneurship in Changing The Employment Rate in The European Union

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Anastasiou ◽  
Vasiliki Argiri ◽  
Dimitrios Komninos ◽  
Zacharias Dermatis ◽  
Christos Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Jobs

Abstract The aim of this research is to examine the concept of entrepreneurship in the context of modern economic realities by presenting features and factors that contribute to economic growth. High unemployment, low economic growth and shrinking investment are key features of the long-term economic crisis at both national and European level.New entrepreneurship, combined with the strengthening of the existing one, is a powerful antidote to the fight against unemployment, as it provides the opportunity, mainly to young people, to innovate and create new products and services contributing to the wider economic and social whole, reducing unemployment while creating the right conditions for a remarkable and outward-looking economy. Taking into account the literature research, it is examined how the development of entrepreneurship actually contributes to the encouragement of economic activity, creating a favorable ground for growth in all sectors of the economy and the creation of new jobs.

scholarly journals On the analysis of non-coding roles in open source development

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Luis Cánovas Izquierdo ◽  
Jordi Cabot
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
Role Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
Open Source Development

AbstractThe role of non-coding contributors in Open Source Software (OSS) is poorly understood. Most of current research around OSS development focuses on the coding aspects of the project (e.g., commits, pull requests or code reviews) while ignoring the potential of other types of contributions. Often, due to the assumption that these other contributions are not significant in number and that, in any case, they are handled by the same people that are also part of the “coding team”. This paper aims to investigate whether this is actually the case by analyzing the frequency and diversity of non-coding contributions in OSS development. As a sample of projects for our study we have taken the 100 most popular projects in the ecosystem of NPM, a package manager for JavaScript. Our results validate the importance of dedicated non-coding contributors in OSS and the diversity of OSS communities as, typically, a contributor specializes in a specific subset of roles. We foresee that projects adopting explicit policies to attract and onboard them could see a positive impact in their long-term sustainability providing they also put in place the right governance strategies to facilitate the migration and collaboration among the different roles. As part of this work, we also provide a replicability package to facilitate further quantitative role-based analysis by other researchers.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Human intelligence — From RNA and Synapse to Broadband

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Traill
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Label Sequence

Simple thought has been explained by the action-potential (AP) system with its synapses. In contrast, in-depth details for “Declarative” intellectual thought have been a complete mystery because (it is argued here) its main underlying mechanism is fundamentally different. Declarative thinking depends heavily on linear coding based on digit-like elements — something which an unaided AP system could never offer......Looking instead to psychology, Piaget (1920s) proposed basic units of action-sequences (“schèmes” whereby one could mentally construct object-concepts). There is now evidence that some ncRNA serves this verb-like action-coding role. — (Other ncRNA demonstrably serves as adjectival/adverbial “regulators” — while the remaining ≈3% of RNA encodes physical structures, the traditional noun-like role). If valid, then:–•NEW FOCUS ONTO ULTRAMICRO: — The whole Piagetian structure-coding for a concept could fit into one of the many 125nm capsids (“granules”). Moreover, many more concepts (and duplicates) could fit into a cell-body. — The vast abundance of coding-sites would allow comprehensive “wasteful” rapid use of Jerneian/Darwinian selection instead of problematic “writing down” of new learnings. — Estimates of memory-capacity increase vastly. — And hereditary-schèmes obviously explain inherited behaviour-traits. — Piaget’s other theory about develop¬mental stages also seems compatible.•Quantum-constraints ensure that such micro-sites would USE OPTICAL FREQUENCY signalling. That opens the way to greatly enhanced “Gigabit” rates, and optical-interference tricks.•MYELIN gets the EXTRA ROLE OF OPTIC-CABLE.So nerve-fibres become seen as simultan¬eous paths for two different types of signal (also demonstrated by Sun-et-al, 2010), with AP still dominant in some roles, but subservient to “UPE” optical signals elsewhere.•LOCATING MEMORIES? Choosing the right address means selecting some sort of “phone-number or numbered plug-socket.” That is best provided as an “address-label” sequence on the transmitted version of the schème-coding — in which case, actual destination-location may be less important.•“Moving-house” TO CORTICAL LONG-TERM MEMORY. The memory-move must preserve existing (i) memory-structure, and (ii) links to distant static archives. This “impossible” task would seem feasible if memories are actually held within individual cells (as above). There is indeed lifelong flow of such neurons in some mammals; but these flows seem to cease in adulthood for humans and dolphins! So the search continues.

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