Policy Making, Crisis Management, and Leadership Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-78
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Management And Leadership

Leadership analysts support policymakers by producing and delivering written and oral assessments of foreign leaders and key decision-makers. This chapter explores how the foreign policy of a state is strongly influenced by the personality of the president and the type of government in office. Some case studies are referred and analyzed, such as the Gulf War of 1991. The authors apply a new framework of analysis, called Orientism Management (OM), that proposes 10 different knowledge management types.

Making Foreign Policy Through Twitter

2021 ◽  
pp. 380-394
Author(s):  
Duygu Dersan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method

Through the development of technology, the understanding of traditional foreign policy has changed. Foreign policy making, which was shaped by diplomatic correspondence, visits, agreements, and notes between countries, is carried out today via messages sent over the Internet. Twitter is the most frequently used internet tool in the hands of institutions, decision makers, and leaders in foreign policy making. US President Donald J. Trump is one of the leaders who use Twitter most effectively. Twitter was the center of Trump's messages, both during the presidential campaign and after his election. Trump is not just using Twitter as a platform for meeting his supporters and announcing the country's official policies. Twitter has also been an important way for Trump to challenge and send harsh messages to certain countries, companies, and individuals. Iran is one of the countries that Trump targets through Twitter. This study aims to examine the use of Twitter as a platform in foreign policy making by using content analysis method through Trump's tweets about Iran.

Decision-Making in Revolutionary States: Beyond the Whims of Charismatic Leaders

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-463
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rouhi ◽  
Jonathan L Snow
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Made In

Abstract Understanding how foreign policy decisions are made in revolutionary states has proven to be a difficult puzzle for scholars and practitioners alike. While political scientists have made great strides in developing standard decision-making frameworks, those have generally been based on the experiences and conditions of Western states and rely on stable government structures for their explanatory power. Revolutionary states by their very nature lack this stability, since the conditions of revolution commonly result in major reorganizations or wholesale removal of preexisting government structures. In this article, we begin to build a new framework for understanding decision-making in revolutionary states and employ case studies of Iran, Russia, Sudan, and Afghanistan to show that the process in these states involves input and considerations from various actors and therefore cannot be understood by simply looking at the desires of the charismatic leaders that are so often the focus of outside analysts.

Human Rights in the 1980s: Revolutionary Growth or Unanticipated Erosion?

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Framework

All people are entitled to share human rights equally. Claims to respect rights may —indeed often must—be made against “foreign” governments and peoples as well as one's own. As interdependence deepens, more human rights problems require global solutions; yet sovereignty inhibits cooperation. Thus the present international system impedes advancement of human rights. Even within countries, tensions are growing between human rights and national sovereignty because governments can no longer fulfill traditional functions. To prevent a decline in human rights caused by the rising incongruity between the few who make decisions nationally and the many who are affected by them globally, individuals, private organizations, and intergovernmental institutions must play an expanded role in shaping foreign policy making within a new framework of human rights.

scholarly journals Foreign Policy Making in the Age of Populism: The Uses of Anti-Westernism in Turkish Politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oğuzhan Göksel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Domestic Support

Many foreign policy analysts portray leaders as “chief negotiators” responsible for delicately sustaining a balancing act between the interests of their domestic constituents and the wishes of extra-national actors (e.g. other governments, international organisations, multinational companies). This depiction may accurately explain the behaviour of decision-makers in liberal democratic societies, but foreign policy making function differently in illiberal populist polities. This article argues that contemporary Turkey constitutes an illiberal populist regime where foreign policy making is subjugated to domestic policy concerns, and an assertive anti-Western foreign policy rhetoric is often systematically employed to generate public support to the incumbent AKP (Justice and Development Party) administration. Using the AKP’s 2017 Constitutional Referendum campaign as a case study, I suggest that anti-Westernism is an effective discourse to garner domestic support under illiberal populism.   

Two Views of Chinese Foreign Policy

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Internal Affairs

The authors of the two volumes under review present different approaches to an analysis of the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China. Gurtov and Hwang stress the importance of national interest and the interaction of domestic factors and foreign policy; they make a connection between China's sensitivity to external threat and its reaction to it, especially at times of domestic political weakness. Armstrong asserts that ideology has played a major role in Chinese foreign policy making. In both volumes, case studies are cited to support the authors' hypotheses. The article concludes that national interest is the principal factor determining the foreign policy of the PRC. Mao Zedong's thought continues to play an important role in Chinese thinking; it is concerned with domestic economic and social change and not with the internal affairs of other countries.

A New Approach to Knowledge Management Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Naghizadeh ◽  
Ahad Zare Ravasan ◽  
Mohammad Naghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
New Framework

Knowledge management (KM) has been regarded as a critical issue for the practitioners and academicians in these years. Recently, knowledge management strategies have been highly considered in organizations. The article tries to explore knowledge management strategies from different aspects and explains the most important factors in its success. Here, nine main factors are considered for the success of the knowledge management strategies and it has been tried to present a new framework for knowledge management strategies based on experts’ opinions and exploring two case studies. The presented strategies for knowledge management include two relation and substitution strategies. Also, characteristics of each strategy are investigated and the differences with current strategies in the field are discussed.

The Road to Iraq

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrees Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cohesive Group ◽  
Political Agents

The Road to Iraq is an empirical investigation that explains the causes of the Iraq War, identifies its main agents, and demonstrates how the war was sold to decision makers and by decision makers to the public. It shows how a small but ideologically coherent and socially cohesive group of determined political agents used the contingency of 9/11 to outflank a sceptical foreign policy establishment, military brass and intelligence apparatus and provoked a war that has had disastrous consequences.

scholarly journals Imaging Spectroscopy for Conservation Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Megan Seeley ◽  
Gregory P. Asner
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Broad Array

As humans continue to alter Earth systems, conservationists look to remote sensing to monitor, inventory, and understand ecosystems and ecosystem processes at large spatial scales. Multispectral remote sensing data are commonly integrated into conservation decision-making frameworks, yet imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral remote sensing, is underutilized in conservation. The high spectral resolution of imaging spectrometers captures the chemistry of Earth surfaces, whereas multispectral satellites indirectly represent such surfaces through band ratios. Here, we present case studies wherein imaging spectroscopy was used to inform and improve conservation decision-making and discuss potential future applications. These case studies include a broad array of conservation areas, including forest, dryland, and marine ecosystems, as well as urban applications and methane monitoring. Imaging spectroscopy technology is rapidly developing, especially with regard to satellite-based spectrometers. Improving on and expanding existing applications of imaging spectroscopy to conservation, developing imaging spectroscopy data products for use by other researchers and decision-makers, and pioneering novel uses of imaging spectroscopy will greatly expand the toolset for conservation decision-makers.

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