Measurement of Strain Using Strain Gauge and Piezoelectric Sensors

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kamal ◽  
Vinayak Kulkarni ◽  
Niranjan Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensors ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Optical Strain ◽  
Semiconductor Strain

Today, measurement of strain plays a crucial role in different areas of research such as manufacturing, aerospace, automotive industry, agriculture, and medical. Many researchers have used different types of strain transducers to measure strain in their relevant research fields. Strain can be measured using mainly two methods (i.e., electrical strain sensors and optical strain sensors). Electrical strain sensors consist basically of strain gauges, piezo film, etc. In electrical strain sensors, the strain gauge is one of the oldest and reliable strain sensors which are available in different types (i.e., wire strain gauge, foil strain gauge, and semiconductor strain gauge). Piezofilm is also playing an important role in the field of strain measurement due to easy availability and less cost.

Real-Time Detection of the Flexible Needle Shape by Using Strain Gauges

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 2906-2909
Author(s):  
Ji Chao Zhang ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Zhi Jiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Basic Approach ◽  
Needle Path ◽  
Curvature Information

In flexible needle insertion procedures, the needle path tracking plays a crucial role in the trajectory control. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to detect the shape of the flexible needle in real time by using the strain gauge sensing. The curvature information of the flexible needle can be obtained based on the stain signal of the gauges which are glued on the needle body markers. Based on this basic approach, the trajectory of the needle can be calculated and displayed, which integrates the discrete markers curvature information. The work reported in this paper indicates a practical significance in the smart medical system implementation without medical imaging equipments.

Torsional Vibration Amplitudes at Non-Resonant Speeds with Special Reference to the Interpretation of Torsiograph Records

1945 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ker Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Torsional Vibration ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Seismic Instrument ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Torsional Strain ◽  
Vibratory Motion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Components

The seismic torsiograph is commonly used for recording torsional vibration because it can be applied to many different types of oscillating system without elaborate preparatory measures. This instrument is available in several types each suitable for a particular measuring range so that there is little difficulty in selecting equipment to record with reasonable accuracy, the vibratory motion at a chosen point in any present-day transmission system. The motion recorded by a seismic instrument may, however, be very complex; and this implies that care must be taken when attempting to interpret the records in terms of shaft stress, particularly at non-resonant speeds. This problem can be very difficult, and is discussed in the present paper with the help of typical examples. It is shown that the interpretation of records obtained at resonant speeds is comparatively straight-forward, provided that the system is reasonably linear and does not contain components having a complex distribution of mass and, or alternatively, elasticity. Methods for computing shaft stresses from measured amplitudes are discussed, and attention is drawn to the use which can be made of tabulation methods when dealing with records obtained at non-resonant speeds and with systems containing complex components or having a marked degree of non-linearity. Cases where shaft stresses at non-resonant as well as at resonant speeds must be taken into account are by no means unknown. It is shown that under certain conditions a seismic type torsiograph will show no appreciable response or will become very unreliable at some non-resonant speeds. Finally, attention is drawn to the use of torsional strain gauges as an alternative to seismic torsiographs. The strain gauge method enables measurements of total shaft stresses to be made even if the system is markedly non-linear or contains complex components. The development of compact and reliable torsional strain gauge equipment for general use appears to be desirable.

Optical Strain Measurement Techniques to Assist in Life Monitoring of Power Plant Components

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Morris ◽  
Chris Maharaj ◽  
Miltiadis Kourmpetis ◽  
Ian Dear ◽  
Amit Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Creep Strain ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Optical Strain ◽  
Plant Components

Sensors for monitoring creep strain in high-pressure steam pipes and other power plant components are subjected to very demanding environmental and operational conditions. It is important that the sensors are of a rugged design and that measurement can be made that only relates to creep movements in power plant components. The E.ON UK auto-reference creep management and control (ARCMAC) optical strain gauges have been designed to have this capability. These optical strain gauges are installed across sections of welded steam pipe and other plant components in locations that provide the best monitoring points to reveal the early onset of failure processes. Reported in this paper are recent developments to improve optical creep strain measurement to achieve a 65 microstrain accuracy level with an error of less than 10%. Also reported are trials of combining optical strain gauges with digital image correlation (DIC) to obtain detailed information of the creep strain distribution around the gauges. The DIC data for known defect geometries have been validated with finite element analysis.

scholarly journals A Flexible Carbon Nanotubes-Based Auxetic Sponge Electrode for Strain Sensors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2365
Author(s):  
Francesco La Malfa ◽  
Salvatore Puce ◽  
Francesco Rizzi ◽  
Massimo De Vittorio
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Doped Semiconductors ◽  
Open Cell

Soft compliant strain gauges are key devices for wearable applications such as body health sensor systems, exoskeletons, or robotics. Other than traditional piezoresistive materials, such as metals and doped semiconductors placed on strain-sensitive microsystems, a class of soft porous materials with exotic mechanical properties, called auxetics, can be employed in strain gauges in order to boost their performance and add functionalities. For strain electronic read-outs, their polymeric structure needs to be made conductive. Herein, we present the fabrication process of an auxetic electrode based on a polymeric nanocomposite. A multiwalled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (MWCNT/PDMS) is fabricated on an open-cell polyurethane (PU) auxetic foam and its effective usability as an electrode for strain-gauge sensors is assessed.

Experimental Verification of Effect of Adhesive Layer Thickness Used for Strain Gauge Mounting

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 789-793
Author(s):  
K. Subrahmanya ◽  
K. Vadivuchezhian ◽  
N. Chockappan
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Thickness Effect ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Adhesive Thickness ◽  
Basic Strength ◽  
Adhesive Materials

Strain measurement from the strain gauge is partially affected by carrier and adhesive materials and their thickness. Effect of adhesive layer thickness has been addressed in this paper. Well characterized tensile experiments have been conducted using Al 6061-T6 specimens attached with strain gauges at mid length of the specimen and strain gauges are attached with different materials namely epoxy and polyurethane to understand the effect of adhesive layer thickness in strain measurement. The strain at a location has been noted for one particular adhesive layer thickness value (0.13 mm) and similar experiments have been carried out with different adhesive thickness values (0.16 mm, 0.18 mm and 0.26 mm). The results obtained from experiments have been compared with analytical results from Basic Strength of Materials approach. Good agreement is seen between the experimental and analytical results. It has been observed that the thickness of the adhesive layer plays significant role for getting accurate strain.

Traceability of Optical Techniques for Strain Measurement

2006 ◽  
Vol 3-4 ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Hack ◽  
Richard L. Burguete ◽  
E.A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Dimensionless Quantity ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Optical Strain Measurement ◽  
Optical Strain

Strain is a dimensionless quantity derived from displacement. To measure strain, devices such as resistive strain gauges and extensometers but also imaging methods are applied in engineering and experimental mechanics. The lack of standards and reference materials related to optical methods of strain measurement is tackled by the SPOTS project. It is intended to make full use of the modularity of different methods in order to develop a unified approach to standardisation. In this contribution we focus on the problem of traceability of optical strain measurement values and underline the role of strain measurement standards. We clarify the terminology and outline routes for traceability in analogy to widespread procedures for single value strain measurements.

Optical strain gauge vs. traditional strain gauges for concrete elasticity modulus determination

Optik ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (18) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Huang ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
F.C. Sham ◽  
Y.S. Chan ◽  
S.P. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Optical Strain

scholarly journals Giant gauge factor of Van der Waals material based strain sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Yan ◽  
Huei-Ru Fuh ◽  
Yanhui Lv ◽  
Ke-Qiu Chen ◽  
Tsung-Yin Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Small Deformations

AbstractThere is an emergent demand for high-flexibility, high-sensitivity and low-power strain gauges capable of sensing small deformations and vibrations in extreme conditions. Enhancing the gauge factor remains one of the greatest challenges for strain sensors. This is typically limited to below 300 and set when the sensor is fabricated. We report a strategy to tune and enhance the gauge factor of strain sensors based on Van der Waals materials by tuning the carrier mobility and concentration through an interplay of piezoelectric and photoelectric effects. For a SnS2 sensor we report a gauge factor up to 3933, and the ability to tune it over a large range, from 23 to 3933. Results from SnS2, GaSe, GeSe, monolayer WSe2, and monolayer MoSe2 sensors suggest that this is a universal phenomenon for Van der Waals semiconductors. We also provide proof of concept demonstrations by detecting vibrations caused by sound and capturing body movements.

scholarly journals Comparison of Resistive and Optical Strain Measurement for Early Fracture Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Alina Carabello ◽  
Constanze Neupetsch ◽  
Michael Werner ◽  
Christian Rotsch ◽  
Welf-Guntram Drossel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Local Strains

AbstractTo increase learning success in surgical training, physical simulators are supplemented by measurement technology to generate and record objective feedback and error detection. An opportunity to detect fractures following hip stem implantation early can be measurement of occurring strains on bone surface. These strains can be determined while using strain gauges, digital image correlation (DIC) or photoelasticity. In this research strain gauges and DIC were compared regarding their suitability as strain measurement tools for use in physical simulators. Therefore a testing method was described to replicate the implantation of a hip stem. Testing devices modelled on a realistic prosthesis were pressed into prepared porcine femora in a two-step procedure with a material testing machine. The local strains occurring on bone surface were determined using an optical measurement system for DIC and strain gauges. The initial fractures in the tested femora are located medial-anterior in most cases (73,6%). With increasing indentation depth of the test device, the strains on bone surface increase. Comparing the local strains determined by DIC and strain gauges consistencies in curves are noticeable. Maximal determined strains before fracturing amount to 0,69% with strain gauges and 0,75% with DIC. In the range of the fracture gap, strain gradients are determined by using DIC. However the detected surfaces are of low quality caused by gaps and motion artefacts. The results show strains on bone surfaces for early fracture detection are measurable with strain gauges and DIC. DIC is assessed as less suitable compared to strain gauges. Furthermore strain gauges have greater level of integration and economic efficiency, so they are preferred the use in surgical training simulators.

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