Synergistic Technologies for Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Moses Oluwafemi Onibonoje ◽  
Nnamdi Nwulu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Technology Access ◽  
Water Nutrients

Precision agriculture (PA) as a concept allows input optimization by farmers and food producers in order to improve productivity and enhance quality yields while minimizing costs and environmental impacts. Developed countries typically identify with precision agriculture due to very large sizes of farms and the possibility of mechanized systems of crop production. The method involves the data collection, analysis, and plotting on productivity, soil quality parameters, and environmental levels at different locations within the field to decide on the amounts of the applicable inputs (such as water, nutrients, and fertilizers) to the field. In most developing countries, precision agriculture technology is still largely missing. The field sizes are smaller, and technology access, training, and financial capital are still grossly limited. Nonetheless, the farmers in the developing countries still explore the available resources and means at their disposal to increase their agricultural production and productivity.

scholarly journals Can Digital Research be an Alternative Method during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Bahtiar Rifai ◽  
Meilinda Sari Yayusman ◽  
Vera Bararah Barid
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Research

Unprecedented COVID-19 global pandemic entails uncertain conditions, which lead people to seek alternative solutions to make activities running accordingly. Limited movements due to travel restriction and health protection confine people’s activities, including the research process. Postponing research activities is arguably not the best solution for scholars, mainly while conducting data collection. In social and humanities research, researchers mostly undertake data collection through field studies and face-to-face communications prior to the pandemic. Social distancing procedures, however, encourage people to avoid close contacts and cancel visit plans. Thus, researchers are necessary to find an alternative method during uncertainty situation. Digital research method (DRM) seems to be a plausible way to keep research ongoing, although the implementation of that method in the developing countries’ research activities, compared to the developed countries, remains lagging behind. This research aims to position DRM amidst the pandemic situation and show possibilities in using this method as an alternative in the developing countries by taking Indonesia as a case study. Results show that to make DRM works in Indonesia, some requirements need to be fulfilled to meet academic standards, and whether relevant or not the research topic applies to be processed utilizing digital method are also essential to be considered.

Application of Sensors to Assess Soil Conditions in a Korean Paddy Field

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1213-1216
Author(s):  
Sun Ok Chung ◽  
Byong Hak Chong ◽  
Suk Won Kang ◽  
Gi Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Optimum Sampling ◽  
Field Information ◽  
Korean Rice

Precision agriculture, also called as site-specific crop (or field) management, is a recent trend in crop production that uses field information collected at different within-field locations to optimize amount, timing, and location of agricultural inputs according to the site-specific requirements. Recent development of soil property sensors has facilitated sensor-based data collection for SSCM in many countries around the world. In this study, commercial soil strength, electrical conductivity, and water content and temperature sensors were applied to a Korean rice (Oriza Sativa L) field and spatial and non-spatial statistical techniques were used to assess soil conditions and the variability, and investigate optimum sampling intensity. Results of the study would be useful for establishment of data collection schemes and better application of soil property sensors to Korean paddy fields for successful precision agriculture.

scholarly journals Light Drone-Based Application to Assess Soil Tillage Quality Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Fanigliulo ◽  
Francesca Antonucci ◽  
Simone Figorilli ◽  
Daniele Pochi ◽  
Federico Pallottino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Contact Devices ◽  
The One ◽  
Laser Profile

The evaluation of soil tillage quality parameters, such as cloddiness and surface roughness produced by tillage tools, is based on traditional methods ranging, respectively, from manual or mechanical sieving of ground samples to handheld rulers, non-contact devices or Precision Agriculture technics, such as laser profile meters. The aim of the study was to compare traditional methods of soil roughness and cloddiness assessment (laser profile meter and manual sieving), with light drone RGB 3D imaging techniques for the evaluation of different tillage methods (ploughed, harrowed and grassed). Light drone application was able to replicate the results obtained by the traditional methods, introducing advantages in terms of time, repeatability and analysed surface while reducing the human error during the data collection on the one hand and allowing a labour-intensive field monitoring solution for digital farming on the other. Indeed, the profilometer positioning introduces errors and may lead to false reading due to limited data collection. Future work could be done in order to streamline the data processing operation and so to produce a practical application ready to use and stimulate the adoption of new evaluation indices of soil cloddiness, such as Entropy and the Angular Second Moment (ASM), which seem more suitable than the classic ones to achieved data referred to more extended surfaces.

scholarly journals How the Small Object Detection via Machine Learning and UAS-Based Remote-Sensing Imagery Can Support the Achievement of SDG2: A Case Study of Vole Burrows

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3191
Author(s):  
Haitham Ezzy ◽  
Motti Charter ◽  
Antonello Bonfante ◽  
Anna Brook
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Small Object Detection

Small mammals, and particularly rodents, are common inhabitants of farmlands, where they play key roles in the ecosystem, but when overabundant, they can be major pests, able to reduce crop production and farmers’ incomes, with tangible effects on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals no 2 (SDG2, Zero Hunger) of the United Nations. Farmers do not currently have a standardized, accurate method of detecting the presence, abundance, and locations of rodents in their fields, and hence do not have environmentally efficient methods of rodent control able to promote sustainable agriculture oriented to reduce the environmental impacts of cultivation. New developments in unmanned aerial system (UAS) platforms and sensor technology facilitate cost-effective data collection through simultaneous multimodal data collection approaches at very high spatial resolutions in environmental and agricultural contexts. Object detection from remote-sensing images has been an active research topic over the last decade. With recent increases in computational resources and data availability, deep learning-based object detection methods are beginning to play an important role in advancing remote-sensing commercial and scientific applications. However, the performance of current detectors on various UAS-based datasets, including multimodal spatial and physical datasets, remains limited in terms of small object detection. In particular, the ability to quickly detect small objects from a large observed scene (at field scale) is still an open question. In this paper, we compare the efficiencies of applying one- and two-stage detector models to a single UAS-based image and a processed (via Pix4D mapper photogrammetric program) UAS-based orthophoto product to detect rodent burrows, for agriculture/environmental applications as to support farmer activities in the achievements of SDG2. Our results indicate that the use of multimodal data from low-cost UASs within a self-training YOLOv3 model can provide relatively accurate and robust detection for small objects (mAP of 0.86 and an F1-score of 93.39%), and can deliver valuable insights for field management with high spatial precision able to reduce the environmental costs of crop production in the direction of precision agriculture management.

Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽  
Paul Walter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
New Science ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

Country Rankings of Women's Status: An Alternative Index

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 1025-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Mohiuddln
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
Country Rankings ◽  
Population Crisis ◽  
Status Of Women

The purpose of the present paper is to formulate a composite index of the status of women and to rank both developed and developing countries on the basis of that index. This index is presented as an alternative or complement to the current status of women index, published by the Population Crisis Committee (PCC) and used by the World Bank and the United Nations, which focuses on indicators measuring health, education, employment, marriage and childbearing, and social equality. The paper argues that these indicators have a poverty-bias and measure women's status in terms of structural change rather than in terms of their welfare vis-ii-vis men. The PCC index is also based on the implicit assumption that women's status in developing countries ought to be defined in a similar way as in developed countries, thus including primarily only those indicators which are more relevant for developed countries. To remedy these defects, the paper presents an alternative composite index, hereafter labelled the Alternative Composite (AC) index, based on many more indicators reflecting women's issues in both developed and developing countries. The results of the statistical analysis show that the ranking of countries based on the AC index is significantly different from the PCC index.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

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