Development of Box Behnken Design to Predict the Optimum Operating Condition of Rectangular Sheet Membrane to Increase Permeate Flux

2020 ◽  
pp. 399-413
Author(s):  
Anirban Banik ◽  
Sushant Kumar Biswal ◽  
Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Feed Velocity ◽  
Sheet Membrane

The chapter focuses on the implementation of Box Behnken Design (BBD) to increase permeate flux of rectangular sheet membrane. Box Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the membrane operation by predicting the optimum conditions. The factors such as operating pressure, feed velocity, and pore size were selected as the input of the model. The study illustrates the optimum conditions of operating pressure, feed velocity, and pore size, which was found to be 14.5Pa, 0.179 m/s, and 0.59µm respectively. Analysis of variance was used to identify the significant terms in the model equation. The effect of input parameters on the model output evaluated using Pareto analysis. It shows that operating pressure is the most significant parameter in the developed model. The BBD predicted results follow the actual results with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Prediction of maximum permeate flux (%) of disc membrane using response surface methodology (RSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Banik ◽  
Suman Dutta ◽  
Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Sushant Kumar Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Velocity ◽  
Disc Membrane ◽  
Influencing Parameters

The paper investigates increasing permeate flux (%) of the disc membrane which can improve the quality of rubber industrial effluent of Tripura. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the independent influencing parameters to improve the permeate flux. The effect of different influencing parameters like operating pressure, membrane pore size, and inlet feed velocity on membrane permeate flux were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions within the predefined boundary. The experiments were pre-planned and designed according to central composite rotatable design, and second-order polynomial regression model was developed for regression and analysis of variance study. Results show the membrane has maximum permeate flux (%) when the operating pressure is 14.50 Pa, pore size is 0.20 μm, and inlet feed velocity is 2.10 m/s. The Pareto analysis in the study established that the inlet velocity was the most influential parameter in the model equation.

Development of Self-Organized Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) Algorithm to Increase Permeate Flux (%) of Helical-Shaped Membrane

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Anirban Banik ◽  
Mrinmoy Majumder ◽  
Sushant Kumar Biswal ◽  
Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Velocity ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Input Parameters

The chapter focuses on enhancing the permeate flux of helical shaped membrane using group method of data handling (GMDH) algorithm. The variables such as operating pressure, pore size, and feed velocity were selected as input parameters, and permeate flux as model output. The uncertainty analysis evaluates the acceptability of the model, and it was found that values of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the ratio of the root mean squared error to the standard deviation (RSR), percent bias (PBIAS) were close to the best value which shows the model acceptability. The effect of input parameters on model output is calibrated using sensitivity analysis. It shows that pore size is the most sensitive parameter followed by feed velocity. The optimum values of pore size, operating pressure, and feed velocity were calibrated and found to be 2.21µm, 1.31×10-03KPa, and 0.37m/sec, respectively. The errors in GMDH model were compared with multi linear regression (MLR) model. It shows that GMDH predicts results with minimum error. The predicted variable follows the actual variables with good accuracy.

scholarly journals Optimization of Anthraquinone Dye Wastewater Treatment using Ozone in the Presence of Persulfate Ion in a Semi-batch Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
N A M Hussin ◽  
C Z A Abidin ◽  
Fahmi ◽  
A H Ibrahim ◽  
R Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Anthraquinone Dye ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Reactive Blue 19 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The degradation of anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 19 by using O3 and O3 / S2O8 2- in the advanced oxidation processes is studied to investigate the performance of these two systems. The response surface method with a Box-behnken Design was successfully applied to identify the relationship between operating variables such as initial concentration, S2O8 2- dosage and contact time in order to determine the optimum operating condition. The quadratic model for the percentage COD removal (response) proved to be significant for the degradation of the dye. The COD removal efficiency under Box-behnken Design and experimental test were found to be 96.2% and 83.9% under the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the result obtained showed that the O3 / S2O8 2- system is more effective than the O3 only in treating the Reactive Blue 19.

scholarly journals Optimizing Operating Parameters of High-Temperature Steam for Disinfecting Total Nematodes and Bacteria in Soil: Application of the Box−Behnken Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-An Huh ◽  
Woo Ri Chae ◽  
Hong Lyuer Lim ◽  
Joung Ho Kim ◽  
Yoo Sin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Concerns about the widespread use of pesticides have been growing due to the adverse effects of chemicals on the environment and human health. It has prompted worldwide research into the development of a replacement to chemical disinfection of soil. The efficiency of steam sterilization, an alternative to chemical methods, has improved as technology has advanced, and the Agricultural Research and Extension Service in Korea recommends the use of steam sterilization. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects and operating conditions of high-temperature steam disinfection. In this study, we present the optimum operating conditions of a high-steam disinfector, to maximize the cost-effectiveness and removal efficiency of total nematodes and total bacteria in soil using the Box−Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, with coefficients of determination (R2) for each model of 0.9279, 0.9678, and 0.9979. The optimum conditions were found to be a steam temperature of 150.56 °C, running speed of 1.69 m/min, and spray depth of 15.0 cm, with a corresponding desirability value of 0.8367. In the model, these conditions cause the prediction of the following responses: nematode removal efficiency of 93.99%, bacteria removal efficiency of 97.49%, and oil consumption of 70.49 mL/m2. At the optimum conditions for the steam disinfector, the removal efficiencies of nematodes and bacteria were maximized, and the oil consumption was minimized. The results of our study can be used as basic data for efficient soil disinfection using high-temperature steam.

scholarly journals Fouling Removal of UF Membrane with Coated TiO2Nanoparticles under UV Irradiation for Effluent Recovery during TFT-LCD Manufacturing

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. You ◽  
C. T. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux

An ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process was employed to treat the secondary effluent discharged from a manufacturing of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) in this study. A bench-scale system was performed to evaluate the fouling removal of a UF membrane with coated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles under UV irradiation. The operating pressure and feed temperature were controlled at 300 KN/m2and 25°C, respectively. It was found that the optimum operating conditions were attained with TiO2concentrations of 10 wt% for both 5 KD and 10 KD MWCO. Continuous UV irradiation of 5 KD MWCO improved the permeate flux rate from 45.0% to 59.5% after 4 hours of operation. SEM-EDS analysis also showed that the photocatalytic effect had reduced the average thickness of cake fouling on the membrane from 6.40 μm to 2.70 μm for 5 KD MWCO and from 6.70 μm to 3.1 μm for 10 KD MWCO. In addition, the membrane contact angle was reduced from 54° to 44°. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2apparently increased the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, thereby reducing membrane fouling.

scholarly journals Impact of Membrane Pore Size on the Clarification Performance of Grape Marc Extract by Microfiltration

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mora ◽  
Pérez ◽  
Quezada ◽  
Herrera ◽  
Cassano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Fouling Mechanism ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

The influence of membrane pore size on the permeate flux, fouling mechanism, and rejection of soluble and suspended solids, as well as of phenolics and anthocyanins, in the clarification of grape marc extract by microfiltration (MF) was studied. MF was operated by using three monotubular ceramic membranes with a pore size of 0.14, 0.2, and 0.8 µm, respectively, according to a batch concentration configuration in selected operating conditions (2.25 bar as operating pressure, 4.93 L/min as feed flow rate, and 25 °C as operating temperature). No significant differences in the permeate flux values were appreciated despite the difference in pore size. The mathematical analyses of the flux behavior revealed that intermediate pore blocking is the predominant mechanism for 0.14 and 0.2 µm membranes, whereas complete pore blocking prevails for the 0.8 µm membrane. Differences in the fouling mechanism were associated with differences in the total phenols rejection: the highest rejection was observed for the 0.8 µm membrane followed by 0.2 and 0.14 µm membranes. All selected membranes showed low rejection of sugars, with values lower than 10%, and no retention towards anthocyanins. All the clarified extracts showed a turbidity lower than 4.87 NTU. Based on the experimental results, the 0.14 µm membrane appeared as the best option for the clarification of grape marc extract.

Multilayer Polymeric Nano composite Membrane for Oxygen Separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gobi Nallathambi ◽  
Hazel Dhinakaran
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Oxygen Selectivity ◽  
Multilayer Membrane ◽  
Spun Fiber

Air separation is a process of separating primary components from the atmospheric air. Development of membrane technologies plays a key role in air separation. Multi-layer polymeric nanocomposite membranes have been developed by a novel technique using Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) along with nano silica particles (SiO2) to obtain a higher oxygen selectivity and permeability. For the construction of the multilayer membrane, the Box-Behnken design has been used by employing three independent variables namely PAN Electro spinning time, the SiO2 percentage in the PAN polymer and CA/PEG polymer concentration. The developed membranes have been characterized for its surface morphology and physical properties. Along with the analysis of compound desirability, the results were also subject to statistical analysis in order to form regression equations. The electro spun fiber diameter increases along with the concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles and the range is from 50 nm to 400 nm. Moreover, the maximum pore size on the surface of the membrane lies between 200 to 400 nm whereas the maximum percentage of oxygen purity obtained is 48 with the permeate flux of 5.45 cm3/cm2/min.

Optimisation of the Oil Extraction from Nigella sativa Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Gabriela Isopencu ◽  
Mirela Marfa ◽  
Iuliana Jipa ◽  
Marta Stroescu ◽  
Anicuta Stoica Guzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Experimental Values

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin, an annual herbaceous plant growing especially in Mediterranean countries, has recently gained considerable interest not only for its use as spice and condiment but also for its healthy properties of the fixed and essential oil and its potential as a biofuel. Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil, due to its high content in linoleic acid followed by oleic and palmitic acid, could be beneficial to human health. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for the solvent extraction of Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil using a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained experimental data, fitted by a second-order polynomial equation were analysed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). From a total of 10 coefficients of the statistical model only 5 are important. The obtained experimental values agreed with the predicted ones.

Experimental and Modelling of Aqueous Radioactive Waste Treatment by Ultrafiltration

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1151
Author(s):  
Laura Ruxandra Zicman ◽  
Elena Neacsu ◽  
Felicia Nicoleta Dragolici ◽  
Catalin Ciobanu ◽  
Gheorghe Dogaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Volumetric Flux

Ultrafiltration of untreated and pretreated aqueous radioactive wastes was conducted using a spiral-wound polysulphonamide membrane. The influence of process factors on its performances was experimental studied and predicted. Permeate volumetric flux and permeate total suspended solids (TSS) were measured at different values of feed flow rate (7 and 10 m3/h), operating pressure (0.1-0.4 MPa), and feed TSS (15 and 60 mg/L). Permeate flux (42-200 L/(m2�h)) increased with feed flow rate and operating pressure as well as it decreased with an increase in feed TSS, whereas permeate TSS (0.1-33.2 mg/L) exhibited an opposite trend. A 23 factorial plan was used to establish correlations between dependent and independent variables of ultrafiltration process.

Vacuum Operation for Overloaded Anaerobic Treatment Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
J. De Santis ◽  
A. A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
High Concentrations

Overloaded anaerobic treatment systems are characterized by high concentrations of volatile fatty acids and molecular hydrogen and poor conversion of primary substrates to methane. Previous experiments with fixed–film reactors indicated that operation with reduced headspace pressures enhanced anaerobic treatment. For these studies, four suspended culture, anaerobic reactors were operated with headspace pressures maintained between 0.5 and 1.0 atm and a solids retention time of 15 days. For lightly loaded systems (0.4 g SCOD/g VSS-day) vacuum operation provided minor treatment improvements. For shock organic loads, vacuum operation proved to be more stable and to support quicker recovery from upset conditions. Based on these studies and a companion set of bioassay tests, it was concluded that: (a) a loading rate of about 1.0 g SCOD/g VSS-day represents a practical loading limit for successful anaerobic treatment, (b) a headspace pressure of approximately 0.75 atm appears to be an optimum operating pressure for anaerobic systems and (c) simple modification to existing systems may provide relief for organically overloaded systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document