scholarly journals Impact of Membrane Pore Size on the Clarification Performance of Grape Marc Extract by Microfiltration

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mora ◽  
Pérez ◽  
Quezada ◽  
Herrera ◽  
Cassano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Fouling Mechanism ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

The influence of membrane pore size on the permeate flux, fouling mechanism, and rejection of soluble and suspended solids, as well as of phenolics and anthocyanins, in the clarification of grape marc extract by microfiltration (MF) was studied. MF was operated by using three monotubular ceramic membranes with a pore size of 0.14, 0.2, and 0.8 µm, respectively, according to a batch concentration configuration in selected operating conditions (2.25 bar as operating pressure, 4.93 L/min as feed flow rate, and 25 °C as operating temperature). No significant differences in the permeate flux values were appreciated despite the difference in pore size. The mathematical analyses of the flux behavior revealed that intermediate pore blocking is the predominant mechanism for 0.14 and 0.2 µm membranes, whereas complete pore blocking prevails for the 0.8 µm membrane. Differences in the fouling mechanism were associated with differences in the total phenols rejection: the highest rejection was observed for the 0.8 µm membrane followed by 0.2 and 0.14 µm membranes. All selected membranes showed low rejection of sugars, with values lower than 10%, and no retention towards anthocyanins. All the clarified extracts showed a turbidity lower than 4.87 NTU. Based on the experimental results, the 0.14 µm membrane appeared as the best option for the clarification of grape marc extract.

scholarly journals Microfiltration of distillery stillage: Influence of membrane pore size

2012 ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vasic ◽  
Marina Sciban ◽  
Aleksandar Jokic ◽  
Jelena Prodanovic ◽  
Dragana Kukic
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

Stillage is one of the most polluted waste products of the food industry. Beside large volume, the stillage contains high amount of suspended solids, high values of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, so it should not be discharged in the nature before previous purification. In this work, three ceramic membranes for microfiltration with different pore sizes were tested for stillage purification in order to find the most suitable membrane for the filtration process. Ceramic membranes with a nominal pore size of 200 nm, 450 nm and 800 nm were used for filtration. The influence of pore size on permeate flux and removal efficiency was investigated. A membrane with the pore size of 200 nm showed the best filtration performance so it was chosen for the microfiltration process.

scholarly journals Temperature Impact on Reverse Osmosis Permeate Flux in the Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ihab Shigidi ◽  
Ali E. Anqi ◽  
Abubakar Elkhaleefa ◽  
Azam Mohamed ◽  
Ismat H. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

Reverse osmosis technique was applied in removing hexavalent chromium ions from artificial wastewater. Different operating conditions were studied to monitor the separation process using commercial Reverse Osmosis BW30XFR membrane. Different concentrations of hexavalent chromium; 5, 30, and 100 ppm were tested. Samples were subjected to incrementally increasing operating pressure; 10, 30, and 45 bar and flow rates; 2.2, 3.4, and 4.5 L/min under various temperatures; 25, 35, 45, and 55 °C. Collected permeate and concentrations were measured after each experiment using a UV spectrophotometer. Results obtained presented a higher rejection percentage at lower feed concentrations with a value up to 99.8% for 5 ppm in comparison to 94.3% for 30 ppm and 77.2% for 100 ppm concentration due to concentration polarization; however, it showed no effect of increasing operating flow rates. Moreover, the increase in feed temperature from 25 to 55 °C had positively increased permeate flux to more than 300 times. The permeate flux at 25 °C is recorded for all tested samples in the range of 30 to 158 kg/h·m2, this range has risen at 55 °C under the same conditions to the range of 70 to 226 kg/h·m2, indicating alteration within the membrane pore size due to temperature increase and high applied pressure concluding high sensitivity of polymeric membranes towards changing permeate flow rate with increasing temperatures.

Performance and fouling characteristics of different pore-sized submerged ceramic membrane bioreactors (SCMBR)

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Jin ◽  
How Yong Ng ◽  
Say Leong Ong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

The membrane bioreactor (MBR), a combination of activated sludge process and the membrane separation system, has been widely used in wastewater treatment. However, 90% of MBR reported were employing polymeric membranes. The usage of ceramic membranes in MBR is quite rare. Four submerged ceramic membrane bioreactors (SCMBRs) with different membrane pore size were used in this study to treat sewage. The results showed that the desirable carbonaceous removal of 95% and ammonia nitrogen removal of 98% were obtained for all the SCMBRs. It was also showed that the ceramic membranes were able to reject some portions of the protein and carbohydrate, whereby the carbohydrate rejection rate was much higher than that of protein. Membrane pore size did not significantly affect the COD and TOC removal efficiencies, the composition of EPS and SMP or the membrane rejection rate, although slight differences were observed. The SCMBR with the biggest membrane pore size fouled fastest, and membrane pore size was a main contributor for the different fouling potential observed.

scholarly journals Effect of carbon nanotubes loading and pressure on the performance of a polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mlungisi Martin Ngoma ◽  
Machodi Mathaba ◽  
Kapil Moothi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Pes Membrane

AbstractThis paper focuses on modifying a PES membrane with acid-functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNT) for industrial wastewater treatment. Embedding acid functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the membrane matrix would increase the membrane flux by increasing the membrane pore size and surface area, rejection and thermal stability. Pure PES membranes were prepared by phase inversion method and infused with CNTs at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% loading to fabricate PES/2.5 wt% CNT, PES/5 wt% CNT, PES/7.5 wt% CNT and PES/10 wt% CNT membranes respectively. Characterisation was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine CNT morphology, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the functional groups attached to CNTs, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal stability of the membranes, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine membrane morphology, Bunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method to obtain pore size information and Contact Angle (CA) to determine the membrane hydrophilicity. Membrane performance was then evaluated with a dead-end stirred cell using industrial wastewater containing traces of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cl. Permeate flux results showed a direct proportion relationship with increasing CNT loading and increasing pressure (100 kPa, 300 kPa, 500 kPa, 700 kPa, 900 kPa and 1100 kPa). PES/5 wt% CNT membrane showed the most enhanced performance compared to the other membranes, achieving reasonably high flux of 43.7 L/m2h and rejection of 89.6% Cu, 100% Fe, 90.5% Ni, 68.8% Zn and 99.99% Cl at 300 kPa. The results obtained showed that the PES membrane embedded with functionalised CNTs could be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Influence of Membrane Properties on Pineapple Wine Clarification and Fouling Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Youravong ◽  
M. Phukdeekhong ◽  
P. Taksinpatanapong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Stirred Cell

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and hydrophobicity on the quality of clarified pineapple wine and fouling characteristics, using stirred cell dead–end microfiltration. The test membranes were mixed cellulose acetate (MCE, pore size 0.45 and 0.22 μm), modified polyvinylidene fluoride (MPVDF, 0.22 μm) and polyethersulfone (PESF, 0.22 μm). It was found that all types of membrane successfully clarified the pineapple wine. The membrane pore size and hydrophobicity played an importance role in membrane fouling, both reversible and irreversible. Regarding the permeate flux and fouling, 0.45 μm MCE was the most suitable for pineapple wine clarification. However, intensive organoleptic test with pilot scale would be needed.

scholarly journals Prediction of maximum permeate flux (%) of disc membrane using response surface methodology (RSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Banik ◽  
Suman Dutta ◽  
Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Sushant Kumar Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Velocity ◽  
Disc Membrane ◽  
Influencing Parameters

The paper investigates increasing permeate flux (%) of the disc membrane which can improve the quality of rubber industrial effluent of Tripura. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the independent influencing parameters to improve the permeate flux. The effect of different influencing parameters like operating pressure, membrane pore size, and inlet feed velocity on membrane permeate flux were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions within the predefined boundary. The experiments were pre-planned and designed according to central composite rotatable design, and second-order polynomial regression model was developed for regression and analysis of variance study. Results show the membrane has maximum permeate flux (%) when the operating pressure is 14.50 Pa, pore size is 0.20 μm, and inlet feed velocity is 2.10 m/s. The Pareto analysis in the study established that the inlet velocity was the most influential parameter in the model equation.

scholarly journals Recovery of Anthocyanins and Monosaccharides from Grape Marc Extract by Nanofiltration Membranes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Paul Muñoz ◽  
Karla Pérez ◽  
Alfredo Cassano ◽  
René Ruby-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Wastewaters and by-products generated in the winemaking process are important and inexpensive sources of value-added compounds that can be potentially reused for the development of new products of commercial interest (i.e., functional foods). This research was undertaken in order to evaluate the potential of nanofiltration (NF) membranes in the recovery of anthocyanins and monosaccharides from a clarified Carménère grape marc obtained through a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microfiltration. Three different flat-sheet nanofiltration (NF) membranes, covering the range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) from 150 to 800 Da, were evaluated for their productivity as well as for their rejection towards anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-(acetyl)-glucoside, and malvidin 3-(coumaroyl)-glucoside) and sugars (glucose and fructose) in selected operating conditions. The selected membranes showed differences in their performance in terms of permeate flux and rejection of target compounds. The NFX membrane, with the lowest MWCO (150–300 Da), showed a lower flux decay in comparison to the other investigated membranes. All the membranes showed rejection higher than 99.42% for the quantified anthocyanins. Regarding sugars rejection, the NFX membrane showed the highest rejection for glucose and fructose (100 and 92.60%, respectively), whereas the NFW membrane (MWCO 300–500 Da) was the one with the lowest rejection for these compounds (80.57 and 71.62%, respectively). As a general trend, the tested membranes did not show a preferential rejection of anthocyanins over sugars. Therefore, all tested membranes were suitable for concentration purposes.

scholarly journals Optimization of protein fractionation by skim milk microfiltration: Choice of ceramic membrane pore size and filtration temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 6164-6179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Elise Jørgensen ◽  
Roger K. Abrahamsen ◽  
Elling-Olav Rukke ◽  
Anne-Grethe Johansen ◽  
Reidar B. Schüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Protein Fractionation ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Membrane Pore Size
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