scholarly journals Optimizing Operating Parameters of High-Temperature Steam for Disinfecting Total Nematodes and Bacteria in Soil: Application of the Box−Behnken Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-An Huh ◽  
Woo Ri Chae ◽  
Hong Lyuer Lim ◽  
Joung Ho Kim ◽  
Yoo Sin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Concerns about the widespread use of pesticides have been growing due to the adverse effects of chemicals on the environment and human health. It has prompted worldwide research into the development of a replacement to chemical disinfection of soil. The efficiency of steam sterilization, an alternative to chemical methods, has improved as technology has advanced, and the Agricultural Research and Extension Service in Korea recommends the use of steam sterilization. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects and operating conditions of high-temperature steam disinfection. In this study, we present the optimum operating conditions of a high-steam disinfector, to maximize the cost-effectiveness and removal efficiency of total nematodes and total bacteria in soil using the Box−Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, with coefficients of determination (R2) for each model of 0.9279, 0.9678, and 0.9979. The optimum conditions were found to be a steam temperature of 150.56 °C, running speed of 1.69 m/min, and spray depth of 15.0 cm, with a corresponding desirability value of 0.8367. In the model, these conditions cause the prediction of the following responses: nematode removal efficiency of 93.99%, bacteria removal efficiency of 97.49%, and oil consumption of 70.49 mL/m2. At the optimum conditions for the steam disinfector, the removal efficiencies of nematodes and bacteria were maximized, and the oil consumption was minimized. The results of our study can be used as basic data for efficient soil disinfection using high-temperature steam.

Thermal Effect of the Spray Drying Process on the Quality of Tongkat Ali Extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Harun Noor Hafiza ◽  
Abdul Aziz Azila ◽  
Wan Zamri Wan Mastura ◽  
Yaakob Harisun ◽  
Aziz Ramlan
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Process Yield ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Process Use

The effect of heat on the quality of spray dried Tongkat Ali extract was investigated at three different air inlet temperatures (100°C, 180°C and 2200C). Response surface methodology employing the Box-Behnken Design was employed to hunt for the optimum operating conditions at these temperatures. Good retentions of eurycomanone, total polysaccharides and glycosaponins were exhibited during the spray drying process. However, protein was found to be susceptible to thermal degradation during the spray drying process. Use of high air inlet temperatures (i.e. 1800C and 2200C) in spray drying led to greater process yield, lower moisture contents, produced non-sticky particles, and resulted in good powder size distribution of Tongkat Ali extract compared to spray drying at 1000C.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization for Production of Rice Husk Activated Carbon and Adsorption of Phenol

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Mohammad ◽  
E. M. Shaibu-Imodagbe ◽  
S. B. Igboro ◽  
A. Giwa ◽  
C. A. Okuofu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature

Modeling of adsorption process establishes mathematical relationship between the interacting process variables and process optimization is important in determining the values of factors for which the response is at maximum. In this paper, response surface methodology was employed for the modeling and optimization of adsorption of phenol onto rice husk activated carbon. Among the action variables considered are activated carbon pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of phenol, while the response variables are removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Regression analysis was used to analyze the models developed. The outcome of this research showed that 99.79% and 99.81% of the variations in removal efficiency and adsorption capacity, respectively, are attributed to the three process variables considered, that is, pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial phenol concentration. Therefore, the models can be used to predict the interaction of the process variables. Optimization tests showed that the optimum operating conditions for the adsorption process occurred at initial solute concentration of 40.61 mg/L, pretreatment temperature of 441.46°C, adsorbent dosage 4 g, adsorption capacity of 0.9595 mg/g, and removal efficiency of 97.16%. These optimum operating conditions were experimentally validated.

scholarly journals Combined UV-C/H2O2/VUV processes for the treatment of actual slaughterhouse wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiz Vaezzadeh Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Uv C

In this study, a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology and quadratic programming were used to maximize the total organic carbon (TOC) removal and minimize the H2O2 residual in the effluent of the combined UV-C/H2O2/VUV system for the treatment of actual slaughterhouse wastewater. The initial TOC concentration (TOCo), the initial concentration of H2O2, and the irradiation time were the three independent variables studied in the design of experiments. The multiple response approach was used to obtain desirability response surfaces at the optimum factor settings. Thus, the optimum conditions to achieve a maximum TOC removal of 46.19% and a minimum H2O2 residual of 1.05% were TOCo of 213 mg/L, H2O2,o of 450 mg/L, and irradiation time of 9 min. The obtained optimal operating conditions were validated with an additional test. Consequently, maximum TOC removal of 45.68% and minimum H2O2 residual of 1.03% were obtained experimentally, confirming the reliability of the statistical model. Keywords: Slaughterhouse Wastewater; Wastewater Treatment; UV-C/H2O2/VUV, Combined Processes; Design of Experiments; Optimization.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Decarburization Behavior of Medical Waste Incinerator Fly Ash (MWIFA)

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxia Wei ◽  
Hanqiao Liu ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Tongtong Zeng ◽  
Guisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
Flotation Column ◽  
Micro Bubble

The objective of the research was to compare the flotation performance of medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) by considering two methods: the cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column (FCSMC) method and conventional flotation cell (CFC) method. The results indicated that for FSCMC, the optimum parameters were kerosene = 3.5 g/kg·ash, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) = 0.2 g/kg·ash, Tween 80 = 7.5% of kerosene concentration, slurry concentration = 100 g/L, and pump speed = 380 r/min. The optimized conditions resulted in a higher dioxin removal efficiency (90.98%), carbon removal efficiency (91.88%) and lower loss on ignition (LOI) (4.96%). The data obtained from the CFC under different optimum operating conditions were 88.65%, 90.63% and 5.68%, respectively. FSCMC was proven to be more efficient for the flotation of MWIFA than CFC.

Removal of Iron from Metallurgical Grade Silicon with Pressure Leaching

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 873-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Qiang Xie ◽  
Zhan Liang Yu ◽  
Wen Hui Ma ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yong Nian Dai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Pressure Leaching ◽  
Metallurgical Grade Silicon ◽  
Grade Silicon

In this paper, removal of iron from metallurgical grade silicon with pressure leaching is carried out. We investigated the factors such as the concentration of hydrochloric, particle size of raw material ground, temperature, pressure and reaction time, which influenced on the removal of iron. The results show that the optimum operating conditions for pressure leaching in hydrochloride are: acid concentration 4 mol/L, diameter for raw material less than 50 μm, leaching temperature 160 0C，leaching pressure 2.0 MPa, leaching time 2.0 h. The content of iron residual in MG-Si powder was reduced to about 200 ppmw. The removal efficiency of iron is up to 90.90 %.

Effect of common inorganic ions on aniline degradation in groundwater by activated persulfate with ferrous iron

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Yongsheng Zhao ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Xu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Coexisting Ions ◽  
Activated Persulfate

Aniline is widespread in groundwater and of great toxicity. Advanced oxidation processes, such as the ferrous iron (Fe2+)-activated persulfate process, have been proven to be effective for organic pollutants. However, few studies have focused on the effects of coexisting ions on the degradation of aniline. In this study, the degradation efficiency of aniline and the effects of common inorganic ions (CO32−, PO43−, HCO3−, SO42−, NO3−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) on aniline degradation were examined. Under the optimum operating conditions, 86.33% aniline degradation (C0 = 11 mmol/L) was observed within 60 min. The effects of cations on aniline degradation were negligible. Anions decreased the removal efficiency of aniline because of the radicals generated by the reaction between sulfate radical or hydroxyl radical and these anions. As the concentrations of PO43−, CO32−, SO42−, HCO3−, and NO3− increased from 0 mmol/L to 5 mmol/L, the removal efficiency of aniline decreased to 19.72%, 24.56%, 66.76%, 68.76%, and 82.42%, respectively. The order of inhibitory effects was PO43− > CO32− > >SO42− > HCO3− > >NO3−.

The General Process of Medical Waste High Temperature Steam Sterilization Treatment Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1160-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Bo Bao ◽  
Deng Chao Jin ◽  
Hong Jun Teng ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
General Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Medical waste high temperature steam sterilization is a non-incineration sterilization technology. Basing on discussion the principle of medical waste steam sterilization technology, the device composition and treatment process of medical waste steam sterilization were analyzed; the advantages and disadvantages of medical waste steam sterilization technology were compared. At last, the prospects of medical waste high temperature steam sterilization were proposed.

scholarly journals Applications of artificial neural network and Box-Behnken Design for modelling malachite green dye degradation from textile effluents using TiO2 photocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 200553-0
Author(s):  
Chandrika K.C ◽  
T. Niranjana Prabhu ◽  
R. R. Siva Kiran ◽  
R. Hari Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Artificial Neural

Most of the photocatalytic studies for pollutant degradation are based on optimizing a single parameter that results in a non-linear relationship between the overall parameters and the photo-degradation reactions. To address this critical problem, herein, we report the use of Response Surface Methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for modeling the photocatalysis degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye using nano TiO2 as photocatalyst. The catalyst characterizations are carried out using XRD, SEM, and TEM, indicating that the TiO2 prepared by sol-gel synthesis possesses Anatase phase with particles in the nano regime and porous surface morphology. The optimum operating conditions for degradation of MG was identified by the interactive effects of variable factors such as initial dye concentration 10-30 ppm (x1), catalyst dosage 1-3 mg (x2), contact time 20-60 min (x3) using the Box-Behnken method. Furthermore, the degradation reactions are also evaluated by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Their predicted results have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable. Their optimal results to achieve 90% degradation efficiency at TiO2 nanoparticle dosage (3 mg), reaction time (60 min), and initial dye concentration (20 ppm) have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Scaling up of Fe3+ by Sol-gel Method Doped on Ceramic Foam for Decolorization of Reactive Red Dyeing Wastewater

2016 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Pongsak Khaowin ◽  
Prukraya Pongyeela ◽  
Pichayapan Kongpanna ◽  
Juntima Chungsiriporn
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Ceramic Foam ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Disperse Dyes ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method

Wastewater from the Batiktextile industry contains large amounts of dyestuff together with significant amounts of suspended solids (SS), dispersing agents, salts and trace amounts of me-tals. Since this can lead to severe environmental problems, proper wastewater treatment pro-cesses are essential. The synthesis of Fe3+by sol-gel method doped on a ceramic foam for reac-tive red and disperse dyes removal from synthetic dye wastewater. Inthis research, the effect of color concentration, amount of catalyst and volumetric flow rates for industrial scale were studied.The Fe3+catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method in which 3M of FeCl3was used as a pre-cursor. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by the EDX spectrum from an X-ray spectro-meter. The surface morphology of the catalyst was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To determine optimum operating conditions for catalytic testing, variations of disperse and reactive red concentrations (10 to 200 mg L-1) were used. The results indicated that the highest color removal efficiency (up to 96%) was observed when using Fe3+catalyst; 4 piecesper literof solution, and initial pH of 6.0. These conditions were then scaled up for a continuous packed bed column study. It was found that the optimal operating conditions obtained from the mathematical model for reactive red wastewater were: concentration of reactive red in the syn-thetic wastewater20 to 80 mg L-1; amounts of catalyst 432.5 to 1,730 mg and volumetric flow rates of wastewater20 to 200 mL min-1. Up to 84.85% of color removal efficiency was achieved.

Development of Box Behnken Design to Predict the Optimum Operating Condition of Rectangular Sheet Membrane to Increase Permeate Flux

2020 ◽  
pp. 399-413
Author(s):  
Anirban Banik ◽  
Sushant Kumar Biswal ◽  
Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Feed Velocity ◽  
Sheet Membrane

The chapter focuses on the implementation of Box Behnken Design (BBD) to increase permeate flux of rectangular sheet membrane. Box Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the membrane operation by predicting the optimum conditions. The factors such as operating pressure, feed velocity, and pore size were selected as the input of the model. The study illustrates the optimum conditions of operating pressure, feed velocity, and pore size, which was found to be 14.5Pa, 0.179 m/s, and 0.59µm respectively. Analysis of variance was used to identify the significant terms in the model equation. The effect of input parameters on the model output evaluated using Pareto analysis. It shows that operating pressure is the most significant parameter in the developed model. The BBD predicted results follow the actual results with high accuracy.

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