Attributed State Actors

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-137
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Constructive Evolution ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 4 looks at the technical aspects and effects of some attributed and high-profile state-sponsored cyber-attacks that have been encountered through our interaction with the networked world. Coverage also includes a look at the approach of nation-states against commercial companies as well as government institutions to achieve various objectives. The author uses these scenarios to focus attention on the important pillars of cyber security that all have important interrelationships in safeguarding of data and information. Within the context of their implementation, a weakness or series of weaknesses within one or more pillars can be enough to facilitate a cyber-attack. These pillars are underpinned by important factors, and the impact of improper cyber security considerations can be directly and indirectly problematic to continued e-commerce and our constructive evolution of knowledge sharing across the internet.

17. The Rise of Cyberpower

2018 ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
John B. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
First Century ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of cyberpower on the conduct of war and what it means for the future of strategy and conflict. Cyberspace is a globally connected domain created by the rapid spread of information-communication technologies around the world. As a result, various actors, from individuals and small groups to non-state actors and governments, are now capable of launching cyber-attacks that present enormous challenges for strategists. The chapter first provides an overview of terms and definitions relating to cyberspace, cyberpower, and cyberwar before discussing the characteristics and attributes of cyberspace, cyberpower, and the infosphere. It then explains how cyberspace has emerged as a place of constant conflict, focusing on the problem of cyber security as well as the challenges and unknowns of cyber-attack. It concludes with an analysis of how cyberpower may trigger a twenty-first-century revolution in military affairs by reshaping international politics and altering the character of war.

SARCP - Exploiting Cyber-Attack Prediction Through Socially-Aware Recommendation

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Network Measure ◽  
Recommender Algorithm

In the domain of cyber security, the defence mechanisms of networks has traditionally been placed in a reactionary role. Cyber security professionals are therefore disadvantaged in a cyber-attack situation due to the fact that it is vital that they maneuver such attacks before the network is totally compromised. In this paper, we utilize the Betweenness Centrality network measure (social property) to discover possible cyber-attack paths and then employ computation of similar personality of nodes/users to generate predictions about possible attacks within the network. Our method proposes a social recommender algorithm called socially-aware recommendation of cyber-attack paths (SARCP), as an attack predictor in the cyber security defence domain. In a social network, SARCP exploits and delivers all possible paths which can result in cyber-attacks. Using a real-world dataset and relevant evaluation metrics, experimental results in the paper show that our proposed method is favorable and effective.

scholarly journals Fuzzy-Based Symmetrical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Procedure for Evaluating the Impact of Harmful Factors of Healthcare Information Security

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Pandey ◽  
Abdullah Baz ◽  
Hosam Alhakami ◽  
Wajdi Alhakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Information ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
The Impact

Growing concern about healthcare information security in the wake of alarmingly rising cyber-attacks is being given symmetrical priority by current researchers and cyber security experts. Intruders are penetrating symmetrical mechanisms of healthcare information security continuously. In the same league, the paper presents an overview on the current situation of healthcare information and presents a layered model of healthcare information management in organizations. The paper also evaluates the various factors that have a key contribution in healthcare information security breaches through a hybrid fuzzy-based symmetrical methodology of AHP-TOPSIS. Furthermore, for assessing the effect of the calculated results, the authors have tested the results on local hospital software of Varanasi. Tested results of the factors are validated through the comparison and sensitivity analysis in this study. Tabulated results of the proposed study propose a symmetrical mechanism as the most conversant technique which can be employed by the experts and researchers for preparing security guidelines and strategies.

scholarly journals Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
pp. 448-465
Author(s):  
Ana Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Scada Systems ◽  
Insight Into

We are facing the expansion of cyber incidents, and they are becoming more severe. This results in the necessity to improve security, especially in the vulnerable field of critical infrastructure. One of the problems in the security of critical infrastructures is the level of awareness related to the effect of cyberattacks. The threat to critical infrastructure is real, so it is necessary to be aware of it and anticipate, predict, and prepare against a cyber attack. The main reason for the escalation of cyberattacks in the field of Critical Infrastructure (CI) may be that most control systems used for CI do not utilise propriety protocols and software anymore; they instead utilise standard solutions. As a result, critical infrastructure systems are more than ever before becoming vulnerable and exposed to cyber threats. It is important to get an insight into what attack types occur, as this may help direct cyber security efforts. In this chapter, the authors present vulnerabilities of SCADA systems against cyber attack, analyse and classify existing cyber attacks, and give future directions to achieve better security of SCADA systems.

Cyber Security in Banking Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Michael BEST ◽  
Lachezar KRUMOV ◽  
Ioan BACIVAROV
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Network Graph ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Bank Robbery

Because banks are very often target of a cyber-attack, they have also good security controls in place. This paper analysis modern threats to banks and proposes an approach to detect and visualize the risk of data leakage. In the first part of this paper, a comparative analysis of the most common threats to the banking sector is made, based on both bank reports and cyber security companies. The authors came to the conclusion that at the bottom line, insider knowledge is necessary, which is the result of data leakage. This paper comparatively analysis modern threats to banks and shows an approach to detect and visualize the risk of data leakage. In the second part of the paper, a model - based on network graph - that can enumerate the risk of data leakage is proposed. Graphing a network of an organization with the connections of data flow between assets and actors can identify insecure connections that may lead to data leakage. As is demonstrated in this paper, financial institutions are important targets of cyber attacks. Consequently, the financial sector must invest heavily in cybersecurity and find the best ways to counter cyber attacks and cyber bank robbery attempts.

Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Scada Systems ◽  
Insight Into

We are facing the expansion of cyber incidents, and they are becoming more severe. This results in the necessity to improve security, especially in the vulnerable field of critical infrastructure. One of the problems in the security of critical infrastructures is the level of awareness related to the effect of cyberattacks. The threat to critical infrastructure is real, so it is necessary to be aware of it and anticipate, predict, and prepare against a cyber attack. The main reason for the escalation of cyberattacks in the field of Critical Infrastructure (CI) may be that most control systems used for CI do not utilise propriety protocols and software anymore; they instead utilise standard solutions. As a result, critical infrastructure systems are more than ever before becoming vulnerable and exposed to cyber threats. It is important to get an insight into what attack types occur, as this may help direct cyber security efforts. In this chapter, the authors present vulnerabilities of SCADA systems against cyber attack, analyse and classify existing cyber attacks, and give future directions to achieve better security of SCADA systems.

Cyber Attacks and Preliminary Steps in Cyber Security in National Protection

2018 ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Faruk Aydin ◽  
O. Tolga Pusatli
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Security Standards

Cyber attacks launched by individuals and/or supported by nation states have increased due to the prevalence of information technologies at critical infrastructure of the states. In this chapter, such attacks and consecutive impacts are visited. In connection with this issue, evolution of cyber threats from annoying malware to serious weapons is studied by examples; hence, precautions against such threats are visited and usage of anti-malware applications as prevalent precautions is assessed within the scope. Selected information security standards and strategies of selected states and precautions for cyber security of Turkey are studied. Our findings underline that educated citizens and companies along with public institutions should cooperate to provide a nationwide cyber security. Consequently, it is defended that governments should play an affective role to protect, educate, and guide governmental and private companies and citizens on the cyber security by promoting the cyber security topic in the successive national development plans.

Cyber Security Aspects of Virtualization in Cloud Computing Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1658-1671
Author(s):  
Darshan Mansukhbhai Tank ◽  
Akshai Aggarwal ◽  
Nirbhay Kumar Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Detection Response

Cybercrime continues to emerge, with new threats surfacing every year. Every business, regardless of its size, is a potential target of cyber-attack. Cybersecurity in today's connected world is a key component of any establishment. Amidst known security threats in a virtualization environment, side-channel attacks (SCA) target most impressionable data and computations. SCA is flattering major security interests that need to be inspected from a new point of view. As a part of cybersecurity aspects, secured implementation of virtualization infrastructure is very much essential to ensure the overall security of the cloud computing environment. We require the most effective tools for threat detection, response, and reporting to safeguard business and customers from cyber-attacks. The objective of this chapter is to explore virtualization aspects of cybersecurity threats and solutions in the cloud computing environment. The authors also discuss the design of their novel ‘Flush+Flush' cache attack detection approach in a virtualized environment.

Cyber Security Aspects of Virtualization in Cloud Computing Environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshan Mansukhbhai Tank ◽  
Akshai Aggarwal ◽  
Nirbhay Kumar Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Detection Response

Cybercrime continues to emerge, with new threats surfacing every year. Every business, regardless of its size, is a potential target of cyber-attack. Cybersecurity in today's connected world is a key component of any establishment. Amidst known security threats in a virtualization environment, side-channel attacks (SCA) target most impressionable data and computations. SCA is flattering major security interests that need to be inspected from a new point of view. As a part of cybersecurity aspects, secured implementation of virtualization infrastructure is very much essential to ensure the overall security of the cloud computing environment. We require the most effective tools for threat detection, response, and reporting to safeguard business and customers from cyber-attacks. The objective of this chapter is to explore virtualization aspects of cybersecurity threats and solutions in the cloud computing environment. The authors also discuss the design of their novel ‘Flush+Flush' cache attack detection approach in a virtualized environment.

scholarly journals Warring from the virtual to the real: Assessing the public’s threshold for war over cyber security

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205316801771593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kreps ◽  
Debak Das
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
The Real ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Accusations of Russian hacking in the 2016 US presidential election has raised the salience of cyber security among the American public. However, there are still a number of unanswered questions about the circumstances under which particular policy responses are warranted in response to a cyber-attack and the public’s attitudes about the conditions that justify this range of responses. This research investigates the attributes of a cyber-attack that affect public support for retaliation. It finds that cyber-attacks that produce American casualties dramatically increase support for retaliatory airstrikes compared to attacks with economic consequences. Assessments of attribution that have bipartisan support increase support to a lesser extent but for a broader range of retaliatory measures. The findings have important implications for ongoing debates about cyber security policy.

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