From Trauma to Healing

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-205
Author(s):  
Letizia Gambrell-Boone
Keyword(s):  
New Normal ◽  
Singular Event ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
And Function ◽  
Organizational Trauma ◽  
Unresolved Trauma ◽  
Over Time

Organizational trauma, which results from a singular event or the sum of multiple experiences that occur over time, has an impact on the individuals and the collective that constitute the organization. For an organization to overcome its challenges and function in a new normal, leadership must play an integral role in engaging its individuals in a way that is explicit and intentional. The efforts of the leadership must first effectively describe the culture, as well as define leadership and its role. Undiagnosed and/or unresolved trauma (both crisis and systemic organizational trauma) within an institution may have exponential implications for both the person and the organization as a whole. To restore the organization to a state of wholeness, there must be an acknowledgement of organizational trauma as well as a committed approach to organizational healing. These efforts shift the organization from one that is experiencing organizational trauma to one that is considered to be a restorative community.

scholarly journals Effects of Dysbiosis and Dietary Manipulation on the Digestive Microbiota of a Detritivorous Arthropod

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Marius Bredon ◽  
Elisabeth Depuydt ◽  
Lucas Brisson ◽  
Laurent Moulin ◽  
Ciriac Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Over Time

The crucial role of microbes in the evolution, development, health, and ecological interactions of multicellular organisms is now widely recognized in the holobiont concept. However, the structure and stability of microbiota are highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors, especially in the gut, which can be colonized by transient bacteria depending on the host’s diet. We studied these impacts by manipulating the digestive microbiota of the detritivore Armadillidium vulgare and analyzing the consequences on its structure and function. Hosts were exposed to initial starvation and then were fed diets that varied the different components of lignocellulose. A total of 72 digestive microbiota were analyzed according to the type of the diet (standard or enriched in cellulose, lignin, or hemicellulose) and the period following dysbiosis. The results showed that microbiota from the hepatopancreas were very stable and resilient, while the most diverse and labile over time were found in the hindgut. Dysbiosis and selective diets may have affected the host fitness by altering the structure of the microbiota and its predicted functions. Overall, these modifications can therefore have effects not only on the holobiont, but also on the “eco-holobiont” conceptualization of macroorganisms.

scholarly journals cAMP-stimulated phosphorylation of diaphanous 1 regulates protein stability and interaction with binding partners in adrenocortical cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Li ◽  
Eric B. Dammer ◽  
Natasha C. Lucki ◽  
Marion B. Sewer
Keyword(s):  
Oxysterol Binding Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Movement ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Camp Signaling Pathway ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Mitochondrial Trafficking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
Β Tubulin

Diaphanous homologue 1 (DIAPH1) is a Rho effector protein that coordinates cellular dynamics by regulating microfilament and microtubule function. We previously showed that DIAPH1 plays an integral role in regulating the production of cortisol by controlling the rate of mitochondrial movement, by which activation of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)/cAMP signaling pathway stimulates mitochondrial trafficking and promotes the interaction between RhoA and DIAPH1. In the present study we use mass spectrometry to identify DIAPH1 binding partners and find that DIAPH1 interacts with several proteins, including RhoA, dynamin-1, kinesin, β-tubulin, β-actin, oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)–related protein 2 (ORP2), and ORP10. Moreover, DIAPH1 is phosphorylated in response to dibutyryl cAMP (Bt2cAMP) at Thr-759 via a pathway that requires extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). Alanine substitution of Thr-759 renders DIAPH1 more stable and attenuates the interaction between DIAPH1 and kinesin, ORP2, and actin but has no effect on the ability of the protein to interact with RhoA or β-tubulin. Finally, overexpression of a DIAPH1 T759A mutant significantly decreases the rate of Bt2cAMP-stimulated mitochondrial movement. Taken together, our findings establish a key role for phosphorylation in regulating the stability and function of DIAPH1.

Testing evolutionary constraint hypotheses with early Paleozoic gastropods

Paleobiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraints ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time

The evolution of higher taxa among early Paleozoic gastropods is similar to that among early metazoans as a whole, as higher taxa diversified rapidly and early. There are two issues pertinent to this pattern. First, were greater morphologic changes concentrated in the early phases of evolution? Second, does the pattern better fit models of increasing phylogenetic constraints or increasing ecologic restrictions? This paper presents a phylogeny-based method designed to test whether amounts of morphologic evolution decreased over time. It also explores whether the data better fits models of increasing phylogenetic (i.e., developmental or genetic) constraint or increasing ecologic restriction. Two metrics of morphologic separation (i.e., the morphologic difference between sister-species) are used: (1) Euclidean distance in morphospace and (2) transition magnitude. The latter metric is calculated by a multivariate analysis of sister-species contrasts, which determines both types and magnitudes of morphologic transitions. The advantage of using transition magnitudes is that it balances the effects of transitions that either affect more morphometric characters or occur more frequently. Both metrics indicate that larger morphologic separations between sister-species were concentrated early in gastropod evolution. Among gastropods, gross shell morphology often reflects basic trophic strategy and function whereas basic internal anatomy does not. Transition magnitudes can be broken down into transitions associated with differences in basic trophic strategies and shell functional biology (“external”), and those associated with differences in basic internal anatomy (“internal”). Internal transition magnitudes show a highly significant decrease over time (p < 10–04) whereas external transition magnitudes show a much less significant decrease over time (p < 0.10) and no significant decrease after the earliest Ordovician (p ≅ 0.50). The results therefore suggest that increasing phylogenetic constraints played a greater role in the early evolution of gastropods than did increasing ecologic ones.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Pacifier Removal on Oro-Dentofacial Structures: A Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Guedes de Oliveira Scudine ◽  
Camila Nobre de Freitas ◽  
Kizzy Silva Germano Nascimento de Moraes ◽  
Silvana Bommarito ◽  
Rosana de Fátima Possobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
And Function ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry ◽  
Facial Anthropometry ◽  
Over Time

It is well recognized that pacifier habit leads to occlusal and orofacial functional changes in children. However, the effects of the interruption of prolonged pacifier habit on the development of the dento-facial complex has not yet been fully characterized. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pacifier removal on aspects of oro-dentofacial morphology and function in preschool children. For that, a pacifier group (n = 28) and a control group (n = 32) of 4-year-old children with and without pacifier habit, respectively, were followed up by a group of dentists and speech therapists at baseline, 6 and 12 months after habit removal. Bite force and lip pressure were assessed using digital systems, and the evaluation of breathing and speech functions was performed using validated protocols, together with the measurements of dental casts and facial anthropometry. The Two-way mixed model ANOVA was used in data analysis. After 12 months, a decrease in malocclusion frequency was observed in pacifier group. Additionally, a change over time was observed in facial, intermolar and palate depth measurements, as well in bite and lip forces and speech function scores, increasing in both groups (p &lt; 0.01). The upper and lower intercanine widths and breathing scores differed between groups at baseline and changed over time reducing the differences. The presence of speech distortions was more frequent in the pacifier group at baseline and decreased over time (p &lt; 0.05). The interruption of pacifier habit improved the maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths, as well as the breathing and speech functions, overcoming the oro-dentofacial changes found.Trial Registration: This clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/), protocol no. RBR-728MJ2.

Introduction: how language works in politics

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
Matthew Williams
Keyword(s):  
Computer Assisted ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Legislative Language ◽  
And Function ◽  
Assisted Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This book examines how language works in democratic politics and how it impacts the effectiveness of policy. Using evidence from the first computer-assisted analysis of all 41.5 million words of legislation enacted from 1900 to 2015, it tracks the major changes in form and function that Parliament's use of language has undergone over time and the reasons for such changes. More importantly, it explores the policy and social implications of changes in legislative language as well as the issue of legislative indeterminacy. This introductory chapter discusses the questions, arguments and aims of the book and reviews the literature on the operation of language in British politics, along with the impact of legislative language on policy effectiveness. It also explains what specifically the book contributes to the existing literature, describes the research design, and provides an overview of the chapters that follow.

Pathosformel as grammar

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-135
Author(s):  
Edward H. Wouk
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Over Time

The artist and polymath Lambert Lombard of Liège developed a radical outlook on the theory and practice of artistic creation that he sought to illustrate in a ‘grammar’ of formal studies. Devised during a period of intense crisis for image-making in northern Europe, this ‘grammar’ offered a means to restore authority to the visual arts by recovering a canon of forms that had been perfected in antiquity yet became diluted over time. The present article examines the development and function of Lombard’s ‘grammar’, focusing on its role in the instruction he provided to a new generation of Netherlandish artists. It explores similarities between Lombard’s project and Aby Warburg’s celebrated Mnemosyne Atlas, compiled between 1924 and 1929. This comparison provides new insights into the visual, material and conceptual strategies through which Lombard’s ‘grammar’ illuminated the entwined properties of motion and emotion that he defined as the essence of perfect art.

Relation of changes over time in ventricular size and function to those in exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure

2000 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 0913-0917
Author(s):  
Keishiro E. Kawamura ◽  
Viorel G. Florea ◽  
Michael Y. Henein ◽  
Stefan D. Anker ◽  
Darrel P. Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Psychotic experiences, cognition, and neurodevelopment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Fonville ◽  
Josephine Mollon
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time

Psychotic experiences (PEs) are an expression of psychotic traits at levels below the traditionally high threshold of clinical significance and are far more prevalent in the general population. These symptoms typically dissipate over time, but the presence of PEs is associated with an elevated risk of developing a clinical psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia. In addition, PEs show associations with neuropsychological impairment and disturbances in brain structure and function. It is thought that PEs are driven by similar neurodevelopmental and environmental mechanisms, but it is unclear how similar the underlying pathways are. This chapter will discuss the cognitive difficulties and differences in brain structure and function associated with PEs. Then, it will examine these in relation to typical neurodevelopment and the course of impairment towards clinical psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Defining individual size in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1826) ◽  
pp. 20152470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ma ◽  
Boya Song ◽  
Thomas Curran ◽  
Nhu Phong ◽  
Emilie Dressaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Dependent Property ◽  
Mycelial Network ◽  
And Function ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Over Time

It is challenging to apply the tenets of individuality to filamentous fungi: a fungal mycelium can contain millions of genetically diverse but totipotent nuclei, each capable of founding new mycelia. Moreover, a single mycelium can potentially stretch over kilometres, and it is unlikely that its distant parts share resources or have the same fitness. Here, we directly measure how a single mycelium of the model ascomycete Neurospora crassa is patterned into reproductive units (RUs), meaning subpopulations of nuclei that propagate together as spores, and function as reproductive individuals. The density of RUs is sensitive to the geometry of growth; we detected 50-fold smaller RUs when mycelia had expanding frontiers than when they were constrained to grow in one direction only. RUs fragmented further when the mycelial network was perturbed. In mycelia with expanding frontiers, RU composition was strongly influenced by the distribution of genotypes early in development. Our results provide a concept of fungal individuality that is directly connected to reproductive potential, and therefore to theories of how fungal individuals adapt and evolve over time. Our data show that the size of reproductive individuals is a dynamic and environment-dependent property, even within apparently totally connected fungal mycelia.

Alterations to surfactant precede physiological deterioration during high tidal volume ventilation

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. L974-L983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Maruscak ◽  
Daniel W. Vockeroth ◽  
Brandon Girardi ◽  
Tanya Sheikh ◽  
Fred Possmayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Ventilation Strategy ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lung Dysfunction ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time

Lung injury due to mechanical ventilation is associated with an impairment of endogenous surfactant. It is unknown whether this impairment is a consequence of or an active contributor to the development and progression of lung injury. To investigate this issue, the present study addressed three questions: Do alterations to surfactant precede physiological lung dysfunction during mechanical ventilation? Which components are responsible for surfactant's biophysical dysfunction? Does exogenous surfactant supplementation offer a physiological benefit in ventilation-induced lung injury? Adult rats were exposed to either a low-stretch [tidal volume (Vt) = 8 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 5 cmH2O, respiratory rate (RR) = 54–56 breaths/min (bpm), fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 1.0] or high-stretch (Vt = 30 ml/kg, PEEP = 0 cmH2O, RR = 14–16 bpm, FiO2 = 1.0) ventilation strategy and monitored for either 1 or 2 h. Subsequently, animals were lavaged and the composition and function of surfactant was analyzed. Separate groups of animals received exogenous surfactant after 1 h of high-stretch ventilation and were monitored for an additional 2 h. High stretch induced a significant decrease in blood oxygenation after 2 h of ventilation. Alterations in surfactant pool sizes and activity were observed at 1 h of high-stretch ventilation and progressed over time. The functional impairment of surfactant appeared to be caused by alterations to the hydrophobic components of surfactant. Exogenous surfactant treatment after a period of high-stretch ventilation mitigated subsequent physiological lung dysfunction. Together, these results suggest that alterations of surfactant are a consequence of the ventilation strategy that impair the biophysical activity of this material and thereby contribute directly to lung dysfunction over time.

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