Social Barriers to, and Gender Gaps in, Educational Attainment for Rural Citizens in China

2022 ◽  
pp. 124-171
Author(s):  
Jason Hung
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Educational Advancement ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parental Educational Attainment

This research project examined the social barriers to gender equalities in rural Chinese educational contexts in order to identify impediments to educational advancement and, thus, career mobility and poverty reduction, especially for rural girls in the long-term. The research questions of this study were as follows: In what ways and to what extent do different social factors influence the gender gaps among rural Chinese students' academic outcomes? The examined barriers were (1) gender, (2) parental educational attainment, (3) opportunities to practise Mandarin at home, (4) social welfare entitlement, (5) adequacy of educational facilities, and (6) transport accessibility. Human capital theory and dependency theory were used to develop the conceptual framework. Low paternal and particularly maternal education are associated with the widening rural Chinese cohorts' gender gaps in educational attainment; the magnitudes of the found associations are moderate.

scholarly journals Parental Educational Attainment and Mental Well-Being of College Students: Diminished Returns of Blacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Black College ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Black College Students ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parental Educational Attainment ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background. According to the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDR) theory, the health returns of socioeconomic status (SES) are systemically smaller for Blacks compared to Whites. Less is known, however, about trans-generational aspects of such diminished gains. For example, the differential impact of parental educational attainment on differences in mental well-being between White versus Black college students remains unknown. Aims. With a national scope, this study explored racial differences in the effect of parental educational attainment on the mental well-being of college students in the United States. Methods. The Healthy Mind Study (HMS), 2016–2017, is a national telephone survey that included 41,898 college students. The sample was composed of Whites (n = 38,544; 92.0%) and Blacks (n = 3354; 8.0%). The independent variable was highest parental educational attainment. The dependent variable was mental well-being (mentally healthy days in the past month) which was measured using a single item. Age and gender were covariates. Race was the moderator. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results. In the pooled sample, high parental educational attainment was associated with better mental wellbeing, independent of race, age, and gender. Race, however, showed a significant interaction with parental educational attainment on students’ mental wellbeing, indicating a smaller effect of parent education on the mental wellbeing of Black compared to White college students. Conclusions. The returns of parental educational attainment in terms of mental well-being is smaller for Black college students compared to their White counterparts. To minimize the diminished returns of parental education in Black families, policies should go beyond equalizing SES and reduce the structural barriers that are common in the lives of Black families. Policies should also aim to reduce extra costs of upward social mobility, prevent discrimination, and enhance the quality of education for Blacks. As the mechanisms that are involved in MDR are multi-level, multi-level solutions are needed to minimize the racial gaps in gaining mental health benefits from higher socioeconomic levels.

„We Don’t Learn Democracy in a Workshop!“

Sociologus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Judith Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Gender Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
Innere Sicherheit ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Revolutionary Situation ◽  
The Revolution

Zusammenfassung Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der neuen Frauenbewegung in Benghazi, den Chancen und Grenzen, die sie in der gesellschaftlichen Neuorganisation des Landes erfährt, und wirft einen ethnographischen Blick auf den postrevolutionären Kontext und die Rolle der Frauen als Akteurinnen im Kontext politischer Umbrüche. Während bei der Revolution weibliche Unterstützung in vielen Bereichen genutzt wurde, sehen sich Frauen, die aktiv an der Revolution partizipierten, damit konfrontiert ihre Rolle als politische und religiöse Akteurinnen in der Öffentlichkeit wieder zu verlieren. Der bislang unvollendete institutionelle Umbau des politischen Systems in Libyen hat Rückwirkungen auf die innere Sicherheit. Vor allem Frauen sind von dem anhaltenden Sicherheitsvakuum betroffen. Die Grenzen zwischen Privatem und Öffentlichem erfahren eine Umdeutung und werden rigider gezogen. Diese stehen in direkter Verbindung mit einer religiös fundamentalistischen Interpretation von Geschlechterrollen. An das Bild der wahlweise verschleierten oder unverschleierten Frau werden konkrete politische Vorstellungen geknüpft. In dem Artikel wird daher der Verbindung von Politik und Geschlechterrollen nachgegangen. Schlagworte: Libyen, Revolution, Gender, Konflikt Abstract This article focuses on the new women’s movement in Benghazi, the opportunities and limitations it is facing, and addresses the post-revolutionary situation in Libya, specifically the social positions of women during this period of radical political change. While the revolution drew on the support and activities of women in a variety of different spheres, social barriers are currently being re-imposed, and women who actively participated in the revolution find themselves facing the possibility that they may once again loose their role as political and religious protagonists in the public realm. Women are affected by the ongoing violence and lack of security. The borders between the private and public realms are being reinterpreted and rigidly redrawn. Both this reinterpretation and the re-imposition of social barriers are directly related to an understanding of gender roles based on a fundamentalist interpretation of religion. This means that the image of a woman who may choose to go veiled or unveiled has become a political one, upon which distinct positions have been taken. The article investigates the degree to which a connection between politics and gender roles in Libya can be drawn. Keywords: Libya, revolution, gender, conflict

scholarly journals Disease and Gender Gaps in Human Capital Investment: Evidence from Niger's 1986 Meningitis Epidemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Archibong ◽  
Francis Annan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines whether disease burdens, especially prevalent in the tropics, contribute significantly to widening gender gaps in educational attainment. We estimate the impact of sudden exposure to the 1986 meningitis epidemic in Niger on girls' education relative to boys. Our results suggest that increases in meningitis cases during epidemic years significantly reduce years of education disproportionately for primary school-aged going girls in areas with higher meningitis exposure. There is no significant effect for boys in the same cohort and no effects of meningitis exposure for non-epidemic years. Our findings have broader implications for climate-induced disease effects on social inequality.

PAR Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Billies
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

The work of the Welfare Warriors Research Collaborative (WWRC), a participatory action research (PAR) project that looks at how low income lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming (LG-BTGNC) people survive and resist violence and discrimination in New York City, raises the question of what it means to make conscientization, or critical consciousness, a core feature of PAR. Guishard's (2009) reconceptualization of conscientization as “moments of consciousness” provides a new way of looking at what seemed to be missing from WWRC's process and analysis. According to Guishard, rather than a singular awakening, critical consciousness emerges continually through interactions with others and the social context. Analysis of the WWRC's process demonstrates that PAR researchers doing “PAR deep” (Fine, 2008)—research in which community members share in all aspects of design, method, analysis and product development—should have an agenda for developing critical consciousness, just as they would have agendas for participation, for action, and for research.

Engaging Student Mothers Creatively: Animated Stories of Navigating University, Inner City, and Home Worlds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Lise Kouri ◽  
Tania Guertin ◽  
Angel Shingoose
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Graphic Narrative ◽  
Student Mothers ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Animated Graphic

The article discusses a collaborative project undertaken in Saskatoon by Community Engagement and Outreach office at the University of Saskatchewan in partnership with undergraduate student mothers with lived experience of poverty. The results of the project were presented as an animated graphic narrative that seeks to make space for an under-represented student subpopulation, tracing strategies of survival among university, inner city and home worlds. The innovative animation format is intended to share with all citizens how community supports can be used to claim fairer health and education outcomes within system forces at play in society. This article discusses the project process, including the background stories of the students. The entire project, based at the University of Saskatchewan, Community Engagement and Outreach office at Station 20 West, in Saskatoon’s inner city, explores complex intersections of racialization, poverty and gender for the purpose of cultivating empathy and deeper understanding within the university to better support inner city students. amplifying community voices and emphasizing the social determinants of health in Saskatoon through animated stories.

Body and Gender within the Stratifications of the Social Imaginary

Hypatia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Alice Pechriggl
Keyword(s):  
Social Imaginary ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

Who’s holding up the sky? On Rymba, a novel by A. Bushkovsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Flood Zone ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian North ◽  
And Gender

The article deals with A. Bushkovsky’s novel Rymba that goes beyond the topics typical of Russian North prose. Rather than limiting himself to admiring nature and Russian character, the author portrays the northern Russian village of Rymba in the larger context of the country’s mentality, history, mythology, and gender politics. In the novel, myth clashes with reality, history with the present day, and an individual with the state. The critic draws a comparison between the novel and the traditions of village prose and Russian North prose. In particular, Bushkovsky’s Rymba is discussed alongside V. Rasputin’s Farewell to Matyora [ Proshchanie s Matyoroy ] and R. Senchin’s The Flood Zone [ Zona zatopleniya ]. The novel’s central question is: what keeps the Russian world afloat? Depicting the Christian faith as such a bulwark, Bushkovsky links atheism with the social and spiritual roles played by contemporary men and women. The critic argues, however, that the reliance on Christianity in the novel verges on an affectation. The book’s main symbol is a drowning hawk: it perishes despite people’s efforts to save it.

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