Analysis and Design of Solar Dryer for Forest Produce of Bastar Region in State of Chhattisgarh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tapas ◽  
Rituraj Chandrakar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Prem Shankar Sahu ◽  
Haldhar Ram Chandrakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Humidity Level ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Dryer

In the Chhattisgarh state of India, the Bastar region is famous for its various forest produce collected by local inhabitants. These collected forest produce are dried in open sun drying. This chapter presents the design and analysis of solar dryer which is simple in construction and a low-cost dryer. The construction of the solar dryer will be made of galvanized mild steel sheet absorbing the sun's radiation. The hot air will be taken out through a wind turbine ventilator at the top to maintain the required humidity level in the solar dryer. The analysis shows that the temperature inside the solar dryer is evenly distributed. The suggested solar dryer will reduce the drying time of the forest produce.

Experimental Investigation of Active Solar Dryer for Drying of Chili

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuttachai Keawsuntia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Better Than

This research paper presents the experimental results of drying of chili by using the active solar dryer and sun drying because of chili is a commercial agricultural product of Thailand. The active solar dryer consisted of a solar collector, a drying chamber and a chimney. The small fans were installed in the solar collector of active solar dryer to provide the air flow circulated in the solar collector and a drying chamber. Drying of chili of 20 kg from moisture content 84 percent wet basis to 10 percent wet basis following the Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS 3001-2010) showed that the use of the active solar dryer to make the drying time reduced about 28.7 percent compared with sun drying because of the hot air temperature inside the drying chamber higher than the ambient temperature about 10 to 15 . The quality of dried chili from the active solar dryer better than dried chili from sun drying.

scholarly journals Effects of Blanching and Natural Convection Solar Drying on Quality Characteristics of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Owusu-Kwarteng ◽  
Francis K. K. Kori ◽  
Fortune Akabanda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Solar Dryer

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of blanching and two drying methods, open-sun drying and natural convection solar drying, on the quality characteristics of red pepper. A 2 × 3 factorial design with experimental factors as 2 drying methods (open-sun drying and use of solar dryer) and 3 levels of pepper blanching (unblanched, blanched in plain water, and blanched in 2% NaCl) was conducted. Dried pepper samples were analysed for chemical composition, microbial load, and consumer sensory acceptability. Blanching of pepper in 2% NaCl solution followed by drying in a natural convection solar dryer reduced drying time by 15 hours. Similarly, a combination of blanching and drying in the solar dryer improved microbial quality of dried pepper. However, blanching and drying processes resulted in reduction in nutrients such as vitamin C and minerals content of pepper. Blanching followed by drying in natural convection solar dryer had the highest consumer acceptability scores for colour and overall acceptability, while texture and aroma were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the different treatments. Therefore, natural convection solar dryer can be used to dry pepper with acceptable microbial and sensory qualities, as an alternative to open-sun drying.

scholarly journals Infrared Drying as a Quick Preparation Method for Dried Tangerine Peel

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue Xu ◽  
Guifang Tian ◽  
Chengying Zhao ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Short Wave Infrared ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

To establish the most convenient and effective method to dry tangerine peels, different methods (sun drying, hot-air drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and medium- and short-wave infrared drying) were exploited. Our results indicated that medium- and short-wave infrared drying was the best method to preserve nutraceutical components; for example, vitamin C was raised to 6.77 mg/g (D.W.) from 3.39 mg/g (sun drying). Moreover, the drying time can be shortened above 96% compared with sun drying. Importantly, the efficiency of DPPH radical scavenging was enhanced from 26.66% to 55.92%. These findings would provide a reliable and time-saving methodology to produce high-quality dried tangerine peels.

Thin-Layer Mathematical Modeling of Turmeric in Indirect Natural Conventional Solar Dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masnaji R. Nukulwar ◽  
Vinod B. Tungikar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The objective of this study is to find an optimized thin-layer mathematical model suitable for drying kinetics of turmeric. Turmeric has a high moisture content which necessitates effective drying. A 10 kg, sample batch, of turmeric was dried in a solar dryer. Drying air temperatures and air velocity were observed in the range of 55 °C–68 °C and 0.7 m/s–1.4 m/s, respectively, in the drying experiments. It is seen that the moisture content of the turmeric is reduced from 77% to 11.93% in 22 h when compared with open sun drying, which required 60 h for the same reduction in the moisture content. Scheffler dish was used to generate steam for the dryer. Seven thin-layer mathematical models, cited in the literature, had been used for the study. These models were applied for different trays placed in the dryer. The result of the research and experimentation showed that the Page model fits best for drying in the steam-based dryer and open sun drying. Experimental results showed 63.33% saving in drying time, and the drying efficiency was found as 29.85%. Uncertainty in the drying efficiency was observed as 0.67%. Experimental investigation and the findings from the mathematical modeling are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Drying Performance and Aflatoxin Content of Paddy Rice Applying an Inflatable Solar Dryer in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Romuli ◽  
Steffen Schock ◽  
Marius Kounbèsiounè Somda ◽  
Joachim Müller
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Aflatoxin Level ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Bubble Dryer ◽  
The Eu

The drying performance of paddy rice using an inflatable solar dryer (ISD), or also known as GrainPro® Solar Bubble Dryer™, was evaluated and compared to conventional sun drying in Burkina Faso. Drying time was around eight hours. Thermal imaging was conducted to observe temperature distribution in the ISD during drying and mixing. Shadow casting was observed in the ISD due to the round shape of the black plastic film, which reduced the temperature of the paddy rice to about 10 °C. The temperature inside the ISD was up to 13 °C higher than the ambient temperature, whereas the temperature of paddy rice on the top layer was about 5 °C higher than on the bottom. The final moisture content of paddy rice dried in the ISD and under the sun was not considerably different. Under certain circumstances, impurities in paddy rice dried in the ISD could be substantially lower than for sun drying. The aflatoxin level of paddy rice was under the maximum limit of the EU regulation. Drying paddy rice seemed to be effective to remove aflatoxin type AFG2 content. Further adaptation of the ISD design for drying operations on rough surfaces and sandy soils is suggested.

scholarly journals Behavior of a portable solar dryer for pineapple fiber

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róger Moya ◽  
Marco Solano
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

In Costa Rica, there has been a growing interest to use pineapple fiber from plant, for which current processes need to be improved or new processes need to be developed, with emphasis on drying methods. This work presents the design and evaluation of the behavior of a prototype portable solar dryer in four sites of Costa Rica. The design describes the main parts of the dryer, as well as how they were constructed. The behavior was evaluated according to temperature and relative humidity inside e outside the chamber, and the influence of direct and indirect solar radiation. In order to achieve improved dryer efficiency, a dehumidifier was used to control relative humidity, and a heating system was implemented during the hours of low temperature, low solar radiation and high relative humidity. Based on drying time, final moisture content of fibers of pineapple leaves from plant, and the varying hours when fibers were put to dry, the evaluation of the dryer revealed that the best fiber-drying interval is from 6h00 to 14h00, and after that, it is convenient to inject hot air and use a dehumidifier in the dryer in order to increase its efficiency.

scholarly journals Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Solar Tunnel Dryer for Ginger Drying

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assefa Tesfaye Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Average Maximum

Abstract Background The performance of a solar tunnel dryer for drying ginger was investigated through a series of experiments. Two axial flow fans with a power rating of 28W, supply voltage of 220V, and powered by a 50W PV module were used to supply hot air to the drying chamber. Results and discussion The dryer has been put through no-load and load tests with solar PV powered fans. Solar radiation, dry air temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity (RH), and air velocity were recorded at five solar tunnel dryer positions by dividing the 8.5-meter-long solar tunnel dryer into four equal parts every thirty minutes. When the solar radiation was altered between 540 and 820 W/m2, the hot air temperature at the collector output rose from 34°C to 65.5°C for an 8-hour operation in the no-load state. At loading operation circumstances, average maximum temperatures of 30°C at 9:00 AM and 77°C at 13:00 PM were achieved. In 24 hours (3 solar days), the solar tunnel drier was able to reduce the moisture content of sliced ginger from 90.4 % to 11.8 percent (wet basis). Open sun drying, on the other hand, takes 40 hours (5 solar days) to obtain the same wet basis condition. With a solar collector area of 6 m2. Conclusions Eight experiments have been conducted at no-load and full-load conditions. The drying air temperature varied from 34.0°C to 65.5°C at the collector outlet. The drying time decreases as the collector area increases, whereas the drying efficiency and time savings increase. Furthermore, the gingers were totally sheltered from rain, insects, and dust while drying in the solar tunnel dryer, resulting in high-quality dried gingers. The dryer could be utilized in rural locations where there is no access to energy because the fans are driven by a solar module. The solar tunnel dryer showed a net saving in drying time of 40% over open sun drying.

scholarly journals Development and effectiveness of greenhouse type solar dryer for coriander leaves

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
S.K. Singh ◽  
◽  
Mr. Samsher ◽  
B.R. Singh ◽  
R.S. Sengar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Coriander Leaves

Aim: Sun drying system is not able to provide the best drying performance and quality dried produce of leafy vegetables. To facilitate better options to the farmers, this study aims to develop and evaluate a cost-effective greenhouse type solar dryer to improve shelf stability of coriander leaves. Methodology: A greenhouse type solar dryer (5m x 3m x 2.3m) was developed with the provision of rigid frame, 200 µ UV stabilized LDPE glazing material, solar collector cum drying chamber, inlet air and outlet air openings. The dryer was evaluated for its performance, drying characteristics of coriander leaves and qualitative evaluation of dried product as compared to open sun drying. Results: The greenhouse type solar dryer performed well for coriander drying with increased level of temperature inside the dryer (42oC) and 24% reduced drying time as compared to sun drying (29oC).The loading capacity, efficiency, payback period and B:C ratio of the dryer were found to be 100 kg, 70.47 %, 1.26 yr and 1.79, respectively. The drying of coriander leaves occured mostly in falling rate period. Coriander leaves dried under the dryer possessed higher values of chlorophyll content (1.356 mg g-1 of tissue), ascorbic acid content (111.257 mg 100g-1), rehydration ratio (5.302) and coefficient of rehydration (0.762) than sun dried coriander leaves with the respective values of these quality parameters being 1.097 mg g-1 of tissue, 62.37 mg 100g-1, 4.715 and 0.689, respectively.

Drying Characteristics and Quality of Fresh White Waxy Corn Under Different Drying Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling He ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Yongjia Chen ◽  
Kaiyang Men ◽  
S. A. Sherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far Infrared ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
Drying Quality

Abstract The drying characteristics and drying quality of fresh white waxy corn were investigated under three different drying methods (sun drying, hot-air drying and far-infrared drying) and different drying temperatures (55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C). The optimal drying method and drying condition were obtained by comparing the drying time and drying quality including damage rate, rehydration capacity and the contents of protein, fatty acid and starch. The results showed that the drying time of sun drying was the longest, while the drying quality was the best, i.e., the damage rate was the lowest and the nutrient retention was the highest. The far-infrared drying time was shorter and the quality was better than that of hot air drying. The higher the temperature, the faster the drying rate. The optimal drying temperature was 60 °C under far-infrared drying, which can effectively remove the water and keep the food quality. Besides, the drying rate was faster than hot air, and the color of the dried products was brighter. When hot air drying was used, the value of fatty acids did not change much below 65 °C, but it rose sharply above 65 °C. The optimal drying temperature was 65 °C, under which the drying rate was moderate and the quality was relatively good. If the production cost was considered, sun drying was the best, following the 60 °C far-infrared drying. This conclusion can provide a reference for the drying conditions of corn after harvest in agricultural production, and to a certain extent provide suggestions for the later drying treatment methods and treatment temperatures of fresh white waxy corn.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Solar and Sun-dried Tomato Powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Owureku-Asare ◽  
Ibok Oduro ◽  
Firibu K. Saalia ◽  
Charles Tortoe ◽  
R. P. Kingsly Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Tomato Powder

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable plants in the world used in cooking foods. In Ghana, at peak seasons of harvesting tomato, high postharvest loses are incurred because of the absence of industrial tomato processing facilities for value addition into other convenient forms to extend shelf-life. Solar drying is a more efficient and low cost method of enhancing the quality and adding value to tomato. This study was carried out to design a natural mixed mode solar dryer suitable for drying tomato and to investigate the quality characteristics of the dried products. Fresh tomatoes were pre-treated with: a) 1% potassium metabisulfite solution; b) 1 % ascorbic acid solution; and c) used untreated as control. Pre-treated tomatoes were dried for three days on the average till there was no significant change in the final moisture content. Open-sun drying was used as a control for comparison purposes. The final moisture content for pre-treated solar dried and sun-dried tomato was 14 - 15 % and 19 - 22 %, respectively. The ash content was higher in the sun-dried samples compared to the solar dried samples, an indication of contamination with extraneous materials from the environment. Sulfur dioxide content of 740.8 mg/Kg d.w., for solar dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite was much lower than the maximum legal limit of 2000 mg/Kg d.w., of sulfur dioxide recommended in fruits. Solar and sun-dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite had significantly higher carotenoids, lycopene and beta carotene contents than pre-treated samples, and the controls. The quality of pre-treated solar-dried tomato was better enhanced by the use of the solar dryer compared to sun-drying.

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