scholarly journals Physicochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Solar and Sun-dried Tomato Powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Owureku-Asare ◽  
Ibok Oduro ◽  
Firibu K. Saalia ◽  
Charles Tortoe ◽  
R. P. Kingsly Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Tomato Powder

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable plants in the world used in cooking foods. In Ghana, at peak seasons of harvesting tomato, high postharvest loses are incurred because of the absence of industrial tomato processing facilities for value addition into other convenient forms to extend shelf-life. Solar drying is a more efficient and low cost method of enhancing the quality and adding value to tomato. This study was carried out to design a natural mixed mode solar dryer suitable for drying tomato and to investigate the quality characteristics of the dried products. Fresh tomatoes were pre-treated with: a) 1% potassium metabisulfite solution; b) 1 % ascorbic acid solution; and c) used untreated as control. Pre-treated tomatoes were dried for three days on the average till there was no significant change in the final moisture content. Open-sun drying was used as a control for comparison purposes. The final moisture content for pre-treated solar dried and sun-dried tomato was 14 - 15 % and 19 - 22 %, respectively. The ash content was higher in the sun-dried samples compared to the solar dried samples, an indication of contamination with extraneous materials from the environment. Sulfur dioxide content of 740.8 mg/Kg d.w., for solar dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite was much lower than the maximum legal limit of 2000 mg/Kg d.w., of sulfur dioxide recommended in fruits. Solar and sun-dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite had significantly higher carotenoids, lycopene and beta carotene contents than pre-treated samples, and the controls. The quality of pre-treated solar-dried tomato was better enhanced by the use of the solar dryer compared to sun-drying.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study and Analysis on Solar Drying of Bitter Gourd Using an Evacuated Tube Air Collector in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR. Umayal Sundari ◽  
P. Neelamegam ◽  
C. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
Drying Chamber

The objective of this research work is to design and develop a forced convection solar dryer using evacuated tube air collector and study its performance on bitter gourd in Thanjavur District, Tamilnadu, India. The designed solar dryer consists of a drying chamber, evacuated tube air collector, a blower, and a chimney. Drying parameters, moisture ratio and drying rates, are calculated and their performance is compared with natural sun drying. The results of the present study show that the proposed solar dryer has greater efficiency, and the moisture content of bitter gourd is reduced from 91% to 6.25% in 6 hours as compared to 10 hours in natural sun drying. In this solar dryer, the products are uniformly dried, and the moisture content of the sample is controlled. It is found that the quality of the dried bitter gourd using solar dryer is higher than the natural sun-dried bitter gourd.

Thin-Layer Mathematical Modeling of Turmeric in Indirect Natural Conventional Solar Dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masnaji R. Nukulwar ◽  
Vinod B. Tungikar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The objective of this study is to find an optimized thin-layer mathematical model suitable for drying kinetics of turmeric. Turmeric has a high moisture content which necessitates effective drying. A 10 kg, sample batch, of turmeric was dried in a solar dryer. Drying air temperatures and air velocity were observed in the range of 55 °C–68 °C and 0.7 m/s–1.4 m/s, respectively, in the drying experiments. It is seen that the moisture content of the turmeric is reduced from 77% to 11.93% in 22 h when compared with open sun drying, which required 60 h for the same reduction in the moisture content. Scheffler dish was used to generate steam for the dryer. Seven thin-layer mathematical models, cited in the literature, had been used for the study. These models were applied for different trays placed in the dryer. The result of the research and experimentation showed that the Page model fits best for drying in the steam-based dryer and open sun drying. Experimental results showed 63.33% saving in drying time, and the drying efficiency was found as 29.85%. Uncertainty in the drying efficiency was observed as 0.67%. Experimental investigation and the findings from the mathematical modeling are presented in this paper.

Analysis and Design of Solar Dryer for Forest Produce of Bastar Region in State of Chhattisgarh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tapas ◽  
Rituraj Chandrakar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Prem Shankar Sahu ◽  
Haldhar Ram Chandrakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Humidity Level ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Dryer

In the Chhattisgarh state of India, the Bastar region is famous for its various forest produce collected by local inhabitants. These collected forest produce are dried in open sun drying. This chapter presents the design and analysis of solar dryer which is simple in construction and a low-cost dryer. The construction of the solar dryer will be made of galvanized mild steel sheet absorbing the sun's radiation. The hot air will be taken out through a wind turbine ventilator at the top to maintain the required humidity level in the solar dryer. The analysis shows that the temperature inside the solar dryer is evenly distributed. The suggested solar dryer will reduce the drying time of the forest produce.

scholarly journals Performance of hybrid solar-biomass dryer

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M.K. Mishra ◽  
K.R. Shrestha ◽  
V Sagar ◽  
R.K. Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Heat

Drying of agriculture product is energy intensive and traditional open sun drying is associate with many problems. Use of solar dryer is one of the alternative options. However, it is problematic in rainy and cloudy days. In order to measure the efficiency of solar/biomass hybrid dryer was proposed. A solar/biomass hybrid dryer was fabricated in RECAST Lab. Wood blocks were used as fuel for the gasifier stove. Biomass burning gasifier stove was integrated with solar dryer as an auxiliary heat source through a heat exchanger. The hybrid system of biomass with solar dryer ensures to provide continuous heat when needed. Due to the intermittent nature of sun, especially in rainy or cloudy season, food materials being processed get spoiled. A hybrid solar/biomass drying system solve such problems. Experiments were conducted to test performance of hybrid solar dryers by drying chili and banana. During the load test, conducted for chili, 16 kg of ripen chili with initial moisture content 72.58% (w. b.) was dried to moisture content of 7.13% (w. b.) in 20 hours. The result indicated that drying of chili was faster, within 20 hours (2 days), in natural sunny weather, against 48 hours (5 days) in open sun drying during April, in Kathmandu. Overall efficiency of drying system was found to be 4.29%.

scholarly journals Unjuk Kerja Pengering Tenaga Surya Tipe Efek Rumah Kaca Untuk Pengeringan Cabai Dengan Perlakuan Low Temperature Long Time Blanching

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
Andi Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Arimansyah Arimansyah ◽  
A. Ramli Rasyid ◽  
Nunik Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji unjuk kerja pengering tenaga surya tipe efek rumah kaca pada pengeringan cabai dengan perlakuan low temperature long time (LTLT) blanching. Selain itu, pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan kajian mengenai karakteristik pengeringan cabai yang dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan LTLT blanching, terutama pada kadar air, laju pengeringan, kecepatan pengeringan, dan kualitas warna. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara mengeringkan cabai merah dengan pretreatment LTLT blanching yang dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan merotasikan rak pengering (R) dan tanpa merotasikan rak pengering (TR). Sebagai kontrol adalah cabai yang dikeringkan tanpa blanching dan tanpa merotasikan rak pengering (K). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan LTLT blanching yang dikombinasikan dengan merotasikan rak pengering (R) merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik, dengan kadar air akhir cabai kering sebesar 9,82% dan sesuai dengan standar SNI. Waktu pengeringan yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 5 hari. Warna cabai kering yang dihasilkan adalah yang terbaik dari dua perlakuan lainnya, dengan nilai L*, a*, dan b* untuk setelah proses LTLT blanching (sebelum proses pengeringan) dan setelah pengeringan berakhir (cabai kering) berturut-turut adalah 36,02, 38,22, 13,62, dan 32,44, 33,89, dan 10,19. Energi yang terpakai untuk pengeringan cabai adalah sebesar 596181 kJ. Perlakuan R ini juga menghasilkan efisiensi pengeringan terbaik, yaitu sebesar 34,01%.Performance of Green House Effect Type Solar Dryer in the Chillies Drying with Low Temperature Long Time Blanching TreatmentAbstract. This study aims to examine the performance of the greenhouse effect type solar dryer on drying chillies with low temperature long time (LTLT) blanching treatment. In addition, a study was also conducted on the characteristics of drying chillies and the final product affected by LTLT blanching treatment, especially in terms of moisture content, drying rate, drying speed, and color. Testing was performed by drying red chilli with LTLT blanching treatment, which was combined with the treatment of rotating dryer rack (R) and without rotating dryer rack (TR). As a control, chillies were dried without blanching treatment and without rotating dryer rack (K). The results show that the LTLT blanching treatment combined with rotating the drying rack (R) is the best treatment, with a final moisture content of 9.82% which is in accordance with SNI standards. The drying time needed is 5 days. The dried chilli color produced is the best of the other treatments, with values of L*, a*, and b* for after the LTLT blanching process and after drying ended, respectively 36.02, 38.22, 13.62, and 32.44, 33.89, 10.19. The energy used for drying chillies is 596181 kJ. This R treatment also produces the best drying efficiency, which is 34.01%.

scholarly journals Comparative Study between Modified Solar Dryer and Open Sun Drying for Drying of Onion Slices

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
P. Sivamma ◽  
E. Mounika ◽  
K. Carolin Rathinakumari ◽  
G. Senthil Kumaran ◽  
B. Bindu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Solar Greenhouse

Solar greenhouse drying is a method of removing moisture from the food material in which drying medium is solar energy which is easily available and low in cost for farmers. The solar energy is decreases in the monsoon months in comparison to non-monsoon months. The decrease in the solar energy results in lower temperatures in the solar greenhouse dryer. The aluminium foil which has 88% reflectivity, reflects the radiation inside solar greenhouse dryer and heats the air inside dryer and maintains heat for longer times.Aluminium foil was applied on eastern, western and southern walls of the dryer and the parameters viz; temperature and relative humidity were recorded in both modified solar greenhouse dryer, solar greenhouse dryer and ambient conditions. Assessment of temperature in ambient condition, solar greenhouse dryer with and without modification showed the maximum temperature difference between solar greenhouse dryer without modification and ambient condition was about 11.5°C whereas 17.5°C maximum temperature difference between modified solar greenhouse dryer and ambient condition. The dryer was able to reduce moisture content of onion from initial moisture content of 679 per cent dry basis to 5.7 per cent in 31 h of drying whereas the traditional sun drying was able to reduce moisture content of onion from initial moisture content of 679 per cent dry basis to 29 per cent in 31 h of drying time. The results showed a considerable advantage of solar dryer over the traditional open sun drying method in term of drying rate and less risk for spoilage.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparative Study on Reduction in the Moisture Content of Cucumber in a Double Slope Solar Dryer with Open Sun Drying Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 1276 ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
Sendhil Kumar Natarajan ◽  
K. Sankaranarayanasamy ◽  
Sindhuja Ponnusamy ◽  
Velaga Kavya Chowdary ◽  
Jitender Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer

scholarly journals A Research on Development of a Fixed Solar Dryer with a Practical Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 820-824
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Dry Food

Solar energy heating apparatus to dry food and other crops that can enhance the quality of the product while reducing the wasted product. Drying is an eminent way to preserve the food and solar energy food drying is an approximate food preservation mechanism for a sustainable real world. This fixed solar dryer has the capacity of 15 kg which is used for the preservation, drying of grapes, potatoes, onions, mango pulp, chilies, green leafy vegetables, jack fruit pulp, green pepper, herbal medicines, ginger etc., more than 50 kinds have been dried using this solar dryer at various AKRUTI’S. Drying will generally refers to the removal of moisture content by evaporation rather than by pressure or other physical parameters. Our country is blessed with ample of solar energy round the year. The principle of this dryer is that, hot air is lighter than the cool air and its raises up the altitude. While raising this warm air comes in contact with food slices and draws the moisture from it. The repeated cycle of this process makes it a low cost, very healthy, long term investment. Generally the sun’s power of heat is used to dry up the moisture content of the fruits or vegetables.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of an Inflatable Solar Dryer for Maize and the Effect on Product Quality Compared with Direct Sun Drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7074
Author(s):  
Janvier Ntwali ◽  
Steffen Schock ◽  
Sebastian Romuli ◽  
Christine G. Kiria Chege ◽  
Noble Banadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Adverse Weather

Maize is an important staple in Africa, which necessitates immediate drying to preserve the postharvest quality. The traditional drying of maize in the open sun is prone to adverse weather and extraneous contamination. In this study, the drying performance of an inflatable solar dryer (ISD) was compared to direct sun drying (DSD) in Gombe Town, Wakiso District (Uganda) by analysing the moisture content, yeasts, moulds, aflatoxin, and colour. The maximum temperature inside the ISD reached 63.7 °C and averaged 7 °C higher than the ambient temperature. Maize was dried using both methods to a moisture content below 14% after two days. In one of the received maize lots that was already heavily contaminated after harvest, drying with DSD and ISD reduced the aflatoxin content from 569.6 µg kg−1 to 345.5 µg kg−1 and 299.2 µg kg−1, respectively. Although the drying performance in terms of drying time and product quality regarding colour, yeast, and mould was similar for both drying methods, the advantage of ISD in reducing the risk of spoilage due to sudden rain is obvious. A strategy for the early detection of aflatoxins in maize is recommended to avoid contaminated maize in the food chain.

scholarly journals Effect of Particle Size and Transparent Solar Dryer Cover on the Proximate Analysis of Dried Onion

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
O. O. Oniya ◽  
C. O. Olatunji ◽  
M. I. Olatunji ◽  
K. O. Aremu ◽  
O. A. Adeiza
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

In this work, we investigate effect of particle size and transparent solar dryer cover on the proximate analysis of dried onion. A solar drying unit was developed and constructed for drying the of red onion slices in order to determine the proximate composition of fresh and dried red onion using multi-crop direct solar dryer. Also, the evaluation and effect of particles size and multi-crop transparent solar dryer cover on the proximate analysis of red onion during drying. Consequently, the higher efficiency of the solar collector was obtained at the higher airflow rate. The moisture content of dried onion slices was strongly affected by the thickness of the onion slices and the density of the polyethylene. The final moisture content of dried onion slices ranged from 10.85% to 13.01%, 4.95% to 6.01% ash, 4.69% to 5.26% fibre, 11.17% to 13.09% fat, 6.70% to 5.60% protein and 68.64% to 68.03% carbohydrate for particle sizes of 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm dry-basis depending on drying temperature cycle for low density polyethylene cover. While the final moisture content of dried onion slices ranged from 9.85% to 12.01%, 5.96% to 6.01% ash, 3.69% to 4.26% fibre, 13.17% to 12.09% fat, 5.70% to 6.60% protein and 61.64% to 58.03% carbohydrate for particle sizes of 3 mm, 5mm and 7mm dry-basis depending on drying temperature cycle for high density polyethylene cover.

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