Modelling Interactive Behaviour with a Rational Cognitive Architecture

2009 ◽  
pp. 1154-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Peebles ◽  
Anna L. Cox
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Graph Reading ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Interactive Behaviour

In this chapter we discuss a number of recent studies that demonstrate the use of rational analysis (Anderson, 1990) and cognitive modelling methods to understand complex interactive behaviour involved in three tasks: (1) icon search, (2) graph reading, and (3) information retrieval on the World Wide Web (WWW). We describe the underlying theoretical assumptions of rational analysis and the adaptive control of thought-rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture (Anderson & Lebiere, 1998), a theory of cognition that incorporates rational analysis in its mechanisms for learning and decision making. In presenting these studies we aim to show how such methods can be combined with eye movement data to provide detailed, highly constrained accounts of user performance that are grounded in psychological theory. We argue that the theoretical and technological developments that underpin these methods are now at a stage that the approach can be more broadly applied to other areas of Web use.

Modelling Interactive Behaviour with a Rational Cognitive Architecture

2009 ◽  
pp. 224-244
Author(s):  
David Peebles ◽  
Anna L. Cox
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Graph Reading ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Interactive Behaviour

In this chapter we discuss a number of recent studies that demonstrate the use of rational analysis (Anderson, 1990) and cognitive modelling methods to understand complex interactive behaviour involved in three tasks: (1) icon search, (2) graph reading, and (3) information retrieval on the World Wide Web (WWW). We describe the underlying theoretical assumptions of rational analysis and the adaptive control of thought-rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture (Anderson & Lebiere, 1998), a theory of cognition that incorporates rational analysis in its mechanisms for learning and decision making. In presenting these studies we aim to show how such methods can be combined with eye movement data to provide detailed, highly constrained accounts of user performance that are grounded in psychological theory. We argue that the theoretical and technological developments that underpin these methods are now at a stage that the approach can be more broadly applied to other areas of Web use.

Modelling Interactive Behavior with a Rational Cognitive Architecture

2007 ◽  
pp. 290-309
Author(s):  
David Peebles ◽  
Anna L. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
Interactive Behavior ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Graph Reading ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Search Graph ◽  
Modelling Methods

In this chapter we discuss a number of recent studies that demonstrate the use of rational analysis (Anderson, 1990) and cognitive modelling methods to understand complex interactive behaviour involved in three tasks: icon search, graph reading, and information retrieval on the World Wide Web. We describe the underlying theoretical assumptions of rational analysis and the ACT-R cognitive architecture (Anderson & Lebiere, 1998), a theory of cognition that incorporates rational analysis in its mechanisms for learning and decision making. In presenting these studies we aim to show how such methods can be combined with eye movement data to provide detailed, highly constrained accounts of user performance that are grounded in psychological theory. We argue that the theoretical and technological developments that underpin these methods are now at a stage that the approach can be more broadly applied to other areas of web use.

Resource-rational analysis: Understanding human cognition as the optimal use of limited computational resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Lieder ◽  
Thomas L. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Rational Models ◽  
And Linguistics

Abstract Modeling human cognition is challenging because there are infinitely many mechanisms that can generate any given observation. Some researchers address this by constraining the hypothesis space through assumptions about what the human mind can and cannot do, while others constrain it through principles of rationality and adaptation. Recent work in economics, psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics has begun to integrate both approaches by augmenting rational models with cognitive constraints, incorporating rational principles into cognitive architectures, and applying optimality principles to understanding neural representations. We identify the rational use of limited resources as a unifying principle underlying these diverse approaches, expressing it in a new cognitive modeling paradigm called resource-rational analysis. The integration of rational principles with realistic cognitive constraints makes resource-rational analysis a promising framework for reverse-engineering cognitive mechanisms and representations. It has already shed new light on the debate about human rationality and can be leveraged to revisit classic questions of cognitive psychology within a principled computational framework. We demonstrate that resource-rational models can reconcile the mind's most impressive cognitive skills with people's ostensive irrationality. Resource-rational analysis also provides a new way to connect psychological theory more deeply with artificial intelligence, economics, neuroscience, and linguistics.

End User Development and Meta-Design

2012 ◽  
pp. 202-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Fischer
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Social Computing ◽  
Design Development ◽  
End User ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Fundamental Transformation ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
Adaptation Evolution

The first decade of the World Wide Web predominantly enforced a clear separation between designers and consumers. New technological developments, such as the participatory Web 2.0 architectures, have emerged to support social computing. These developments are the foundations for a fundamental shift from consumer cultures (specialized in producing finished goods) to cultures of participation (in which all people can participate actively in personally meaningful activities). End-user development and meta-design provide foundations for this fundamental transformation. They explore and support new approaches for the design, adoption, appropriation, adaptation, evolution, and sharing of artifacts by all participating stakeholders. They take into account that cultures of participation are not dictated by technology alone: they are the result of incremental shifts in human behavior and social organizations. The design, development, and assessment of five particular applications that contributed to the development of our theoretical framework are described and discussed.

Business Plus Intelligence Plus Technology Equals Business Intelligence

2012 ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Ira Yermish ◽  
Virginia Miori ◽  
John Yi ◽  
Rashmi Malhotra ◽  
Ronald Klimberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments

In this article the authors will show how the parallel developments of information technology at the operational business level and decision support concepts progressed through the decades of the twentieth century with only minimal success at strategic application. They will posit that the twin technological developments of the world-wide-web and very inexpensive mass storage provided the environment to facilitate the convergence of business operations and decision support into the strategic application of business intelligence.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WORK WITH GRAPHS IN PHYSICS STUDIES RELATED TO THREE TYPICAL STUDENT GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Skrabankova ◽  
Stanislav Popelka ◽  
Marketa Beitlova
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Graph Reading

Graphs are often used to represent mathematical functions, to illustrate data from social and natural sciences, or to specify scientific theories. With increasing emphasis on the development of scientific research skills, the work with graphs and data interpretation are gaining in importance. The research involved an eye-tracking experiment conducted to evaluate student work with graphs in physics. Eye-movement data were recorded using the GazePoint eye-tracker. A total of 40 third-year grammar school students participated in the research. These students were allocated into three groups by a physics teacher. These groups were called PLUS, AVERAGE and MINUS. The PLUS group showed excellent results in education and included gifted physics students. The MINUS group was composed of the opposite end of this cognitive spectrum, whose members made the most mistakes in graph reading. The aim of the experiment was to find the differences between students allocated to these three groups and to evaluate whether the allocation based on the teacher’s experience, long-term observations and the students’ previous achievements was sufficient. The results showed that students from all three groups had problems with reading graphs in physics. According to the eye-movement data, several students who had been incorrectly assigned to groups were identified. Keywords: education in physics, gifted children, graph, eye-tracking, experimental study.

scholarly journals Linking Memory Activation and Word Adoption in Social Language Use via Rational Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Cole ◽  
Moojan Ghafurian ◽  
David Reitter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Threshold Parameter ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
New Words ◽  
Memory Activation

This paper investigates how cognition facilitates the adoption of new words through a study of the large-scale Reddit corpus, which contains written, threaded conversations conducted over the internet. Parameters for the cognitive architecture are estimated. Using ACT-R's account of declarative memory, the activation of memory chunks representing words is traced and compared to usage statistics sampled from a year of data. Potential values for decay and retrieval threshold are identified according to model fit and growth rates of word adoption. The resulting estimate for the decay parameter, d, is 0.22, and the estimate for the retrieval threshold parameter, rt, lies between 3.4 and 4.5.

Business Plus Intelligence Plus Technology Equals Business Intelligence

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Yermish ◽  
Virginia Miori ◽  
John Yi ◽  
Rashmi Malhotra ◽  
Ronald Klimberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments

In this article the authors will show how the parallel developments of information technology at the operational business level and decision support concepts progressed through the decades of the twentieth century with only minimal success at strategic application. They will posit that the twin technological developments of the world-wide-web and very inexpensive mass storage provided the environment to facilitate the convergence of business operations and decision support into the strategic application of business intelligence.

“Technological Object” in Gilbert Simondon’s Philosophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-716
Author(s):  
Xavier Guchet ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Technological Object ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times ◽  
Empirical Turn

For the last twenty years, the philosophy of technology has firmly taken an “empirical turn” and has been strongly pervaded with Science and Technology Studies (STS) lessons, focusing on the social consistency of technical beings. In this context, Simondon’s approach to technology may appear a bit dated. A major issue of On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects (MEOT) is indeed to theorize technology beyond any reference to social commitments: Simondon distinguishes “pure technicity,” amenable to rational analysis, from “psychosocial overdeterminations” that contaminate technical objects with exogenous concerns. Thus, Simondon may prove behind the times when he claims to analyze technology as a non-social realm. This article intends to demonstrate that Simondon can nevertheless fruitfully feed current debates related to technological developments. More precisely, the difference between several concepts of technological objects in MEOT proves to be of major interest for clarifying current issues related, in particular, to ethics.

The global picture

1978 ◽  
Vol 289 (1356) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Global System ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
National Systems

The period from the invention of the telephone in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell until the late 1950s was characterized by the progressive development of national systems. Except where these national systems lay within a common continental area there were only very limited means for interworking system to system. In effect any sea separation of more than some 75-150 km presented a barrier that could only be bridged by the limited facilities of radio telephone links. The successful laying in 1956 of the first intercontinental submarine telephone cable transformed telephone communication between Europe and North America and ushered in a new era of world-wide telephony. The development of the geostationary communications satellite in 1963 brought an even more dramatic linkage of the telecommunications networks of the world and permitted world-wide telephone and television interchange. Today some 400 million telephones in over 200 countries are operating on one single global system with a high percentage of automatic dialling. This global system is the most complex machine yet constructed by man. It carries annually a total traffic of 400 000 million telephone calls together with a massive flow of telex and data. It is expanding annually at a rate of over 6% and by the end of this century will consist of 1500 million telephones generating a traffic possibly greater than a million million calls each year. Later papers in this volume will describe many dramatic technological developments that will permit still further expansion of the capability of the global network. But these developments will not be without problems - problems affecting the nature of the telecommunications manufacturing industry, of handling the rate of change of technology, of choice between the almost embarrassing wealth of new ideas, and problems of reconciliation between old and new technologies in our networks. The resolution of these problems will be a challenging and stimulating task for all of us concerned in the direction of these enterprises. The social and economic implications of this vast global communication system will be profound.

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