A Community Area Perspective of Real Estate and Crime in Chicago

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Mikhail Samarin ◽  
Madhuri Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Housing Values ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Community Area

This paper examines the relationships between crime-types and property values in the community areas of Chicago. Using a variety of unconventional web-based data sources, the authors use correlations, mapping, and regression analyses to find that while crime generally associates negatively with property values, not all crime-types have similar effects. Lower incidence of violent crimes and sex offenders in neighborhoods can have pronounced positive impacts on property values whereas certain types of property crimes gravitate toward neighborhoods with expensive homes. Further, crime rates may be similar or even higher than those in cheaper/disadvantaged areas. These types of offenses do not necessarily follow the price-dropping effect like other crime-types do on housing values. However, property crimes such as thefts do not follow this trend. They, thus, recommend that property crime alone should not be a factor when making decisions concerning home buying and/or where to live.

scholarly journals CCTV in deprived neighborhoods – a short time follow up of effects on crime and crime clearance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manne Gerell
Keyword(s):  
Property Crime ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Deprived Neighborhoods ◽  
Crime Clearance ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

The latest meta-study on CCTV found that it was associated with reductions in property crime and narcotics crime, but mainly in parking lots and residential areas. Recent findings from Sweden however suggested that the association of CCTV with crime may be different in deprived neighborhoods in Sweden where criminal networks exert a large influence. In addition, much less research has been done on the impact of CCTV on crime clearance. The present study follows up on this by considering changes in crime, and crime clearance, associated with CCTV in three deprived neighborhoods in Gothenburg. The three neighborhoods had CCTV installed around their main squares/centers in 2018, and changes in recorded crime for seven crime types taking place in public – as well as the share of those crimes where a suspect has been identified is followed. The changes are compared with changes at similar locations in the other six deprived neighborhoods of Gothenburg. The results show that relative to controls, violence was significantly reduced at treatment areas. No significant change was noted for property crime. Crime clearance rates increased at treatment areas relative to controls for both property crimes and violent crimes, but no change was significant. This suggests a need for further study on contextual differences of different locations for CCTV, to ascertain whether the effect on violence in deprived neighborhoods can be replicated. It also raises questions on whether the CCTV is cost-effective, since it appears to have small effects on both crime and crime clearance.

Fear of Property Crime: Examining the Effects of Victimization, Vicarious Victimization, and Perceived Risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Cook ◽  
Kathleen A. Fox
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Vehicle Theft ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Vicarious Victimization

Fear of crime research has primarily focused on fear of crime in general or on fear of specific types of violent crimes. This study builds from this line of research by focusing exclusively on the night fear of six types of property crimes, including fear of burglary while away from home, vehicle theft, bicycle theft, property theft, vandalism, and vehicle burglary. This study examines the effects of victimization, vicarious victimization, and perceived risk on fear of property crime. Survey data from college students reveal that victimization and vicarious victimization were not significant predictors of fear of property crime, whereas perceived risk was a consistent and significant predictor of fear of all property crimes.

scholarly journals The Impact of the First Professional Police Forces on Crime*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bindler ◽  
Randi Hjalmarsson
Keyword(s):  
Property Crime ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Metropolitan Police ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Reporting Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Police Forces

Abstract This paper evaluates the effect on crime of creating a fundamental modern-day institution: centralized professional police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police – the first professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-in-differences and pre-post designs, we find evidence of a significant reduction in violent crimes (despite the possibility of off-setting increases in clearance and reporting rates). In contrast, a reduction in property crime is not visible

Role of Emotional Attachment and Reciprocity in Sons’ Perceived Care Motivation for Parental Figures

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Ryo Hirayama ◽  
Ichiro Kai ◽  
Tomoko Wakui
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Parental Figures ◽  
Caregiving Roles ◽  
Household System ◽  
Family Matter

Abstract The collapse of the traditional Japanese household system and the subsequent social advancement of women has led supporting parents as a family matter, and led more men to assume caregiving roles; however, very few studies have focused on sons’ care motivation. This study aimed to understand adult sons’ perceived care motivation and to examine the respective related factors of emotional attachment and reciprocity. A total of 1322 men (M [age] = 44.5) participated in a web-based questionnaire survey. Perceived care motivation for providing five types of support (e.g., helping with daily activities and housework) to each parent and parent-in-law was assessed. Regression analyses revealed that emotional attachment with parents and parents-in-law predicted perceived care motivation for all types of support. Furthermore, the role of reciprocity was indicated by the association between rearing by mother-in-law and son-in-law’s motivation to provide assistance in financial matters, housework, and visiting a hospital.

scholarly journals The dependence of the nature of the crime to the type of trauma the perpetrator (for example, minors convicted of violent crimes)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Dzh. Khachaturyan ◽  
M.N. Abdurasulova
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Family System ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Grievous Bodily Harm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polygeneration System

The article is devoted to psychological correction of juvenile offenders for violent crimes. The authors, based on the fundamentals polygeneration system of traumatology, hypothesize about the presence of a family history of juvenile offenders system traumas. The study was conducted in PKU Nakhodka educational colony GUFSIN Russia for the Primorye territory in January-February 2017. The study involved 23 minors convicted of violent crimes. All system traumas are divided into four types: existential trauma, trauma of losses, trauma of relationship and trauma family system. Conclusions about what the nature of the offence depends on the depth and type of traumatization of the perpetrator and his family system. All examined juvenile offenders are themselves victims of traumatic events in their own families. The main types of trauma from sex offenders are trauma of losses and trauma of relationship. Family convicted of murder filled with existential trauma, trauma of relationship and trauma family system. Convicted of intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm had an average degree of trauma. There are all kinds of trauma in their experience, with a predominance of existential trauma. Offered the main directions of psychological adjustment to each category of prisoners.

A Tale of Two Theories: Whither Social Disorganization Theory and the Routine Activities Approach?

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210013
Author(s):  
Jen-Li Shen ◽  
Martin A. Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Routine Activities Approach

Social disorganization theory and the routine activities approach have been extensively applied separately as theoretical frameworks for the spatial analysis of crime, with general support. As hypothetical explanations for complex social phenomena, criminological theories can impact how studies are framed and how the crime problem is approached. Thus, it is important to evaluate theories continuously in various geographical, as well as contemporary contexts. This study uses both theories in tandem to examine their ability to explain 2016 property crime in Vancouver, Canada, using 2016 census data. Both theories found moderate support. Of particular note is that all of the variables designated as proxies for ethnic heterogeneity in social disorganization theory were either not statistically significant or negative, consistent with the immigration and crime literature. Additionally, almost all variables, when statistically significant, were found to have consistent results across crime types. These results bode well for the continued use of social disorganization theory and the routine activity approach in spatial analyses of crime.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Compliance among Methadone Maintenance Treatment Transfers: Evidence from Audit Records at Clinics in Guangdong, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Cheng Gong ◽  
Xia Zou ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Qian Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Transfer Services

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) requires patients to intake their daily dose in person at their clinic. Therefore, transfer services are vital for patients who need temporary leave from their primary MMT clinic. However, studies have shown that transfer patients might delay return after temporary leave, leading to missed doses and putting them at risk of increased harm. In this study, we aimed to explore the transfer rates and factors associated with MMT patients who delayed return during a transfer period. In this retrospective analysis, we used audit records from the web-based management system from six MMT clinics in Guangdong, China. Multilevel logistic regression and multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to examine the factors associated with patients who delayed return to their primary MMT clinic. A total of 459 people used the transfer system 2940 times between January 2006 and December 2016. Of those, patients delayed return to their primary MMT clinic 1199 times (40.78%). Patients who transferred regularly had poor compliance rates with MMT treatment. Those who once dropped out from and then re-enrolled in MMT were more likely to delay return. Most patients (82.71%) who used the transfer service for “work” were more likely to prolong their delay length. The findings highlight that a more flexible transfer system would minimize inconvenience to the patients.

Physicians’ Choice in Using Internet and Fax for Patient Recruitment and Follow-up in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morita ◽  
T. Fukui ◽  
J. Sakamoto ◽  
M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Web

Summary Objective: To examine the physicians’ preference between Web and fax-based remote data entry (RDE) system for an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Japan. Methods: We conducted a survey among all the collaborating physicians (n = 512) of the CASE-J (Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan) trial, who have been recruiting patients and sending follow-up data using the Web or a fax-based RDE system. The survey instrument assessed physicians’ choice between Web and fax-based RDE systems, their practice pattern, and attitudes towards these two modalities. Results: A total of 448 (87.5%) responses were received. The proportions of physicians who used Web, fax, and the combination of these two were 45.9%, 33.3% and 20.8%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that physicians 55 years or younger [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.3] and regular users of computers (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.1-8.2) were more likely to use the Web-based RDE system. Conclusions: This information would be useful in designing an RCT with a Web-based RDE system in Japan and abroad.

Socioeconomic determinants of property crime offending in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigatu Wassie ◽  
Bekele Melese ◽  
Nahom Eyasu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinant ◽  
Perceived Reasons

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the socioeconomic determinants of property crimes on convicted offenders in the Chilga district correctional institution (CDCI). Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a socioeconomic determinant of property crimes on convicted offenders using quantitative research. Respondents consisted of a random sample of 170 convicted offenders in CDCI. This study used descriptive statistics, logistic regression and Pearson correlations for analyzing the quantitative data in CDCI. Findings The results of the study showed that the age at first engagement, educational status, offender’s immediate economic situation and previous experience of the offender were the perceived reasons in one’s major property crime offending. However, average monthly income, peer effect and family structure (grown up with) were found to be non-perceived reasons. Youths who are unmarried, illiterate and unemployed offenders had over three times more probabilities of committing theft than robbery and burglary in the winter season, especially in February, because of the determinants of illiteracy and unemployment such as negligence for the future life. Furthermore, the convicted offenders who were illiterate, unemployed and raised by single parents have engaged in theft for the first time, but burglary and robbery by employed and literate offenders in more probable. Originality/value This paper takes a fresh perspective on knowledge about property crime and economic as well as criminological theories using various bodies of academic research. This paper’s insight will be helpful to fill the literature gaps; there are lot research studies with little investigations addressing to the issue of the determinants of property crime. It will also be useful for policymakers to mitigate the determinant of property crime.

Spatially varying relationships between immigration measures and property crime Types in Vancouver Census Tracts, 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342-1367
Author(s):  
Martin A Andresen ◽  
Olivia K Ha
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Significant Spatial Variation ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Crime Classification

Abstract We empirically test for spatial heterogeneity or local effects of multiple immigration measures on various property crime classification across Vancouver census tracts, 2016. Using spatially referenced property crime data and census data, we use geographically weighted regression to investigate the neighbourhood-level effects of immigration on crime. We find that estimated parameters vary across space, but these local immigration effects do not always vary significantly at the local level. Overall, significant spatial variation in the effects of immigration on property crime is present. These are important for policy and theory. The identification of varied spatial patterns of immigration effects on crime may help explain some of the inconsistent/disparate results found in neighbourhood-level studies on immigration and crime.

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