Preserving Yemeni Architecture in the Era of Civilization and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abobakr Al-Sakkaf
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Developmental Policies

Population increase and accelerating growth of cities have led to several problems in developing countries. Developmental policies have been adopted to improve the economic and social well-being of the countries. Modern architecture in the cities and their civilized expansion are also examined in this study. In particular, the rise in modern architectural style and the changes that occurred due to the use of new building materials are discussed in detail. The scope of the study is Yemen and its important historical and architectural treasures in the heritage architectural field including the distinctive mud architecture in Hadramout Valley. Thus, Yemeni cities are classified in order to help architects and planners in the development of a strategic plan for these cities. The findings will also help to preserve the heritage and unique nature of Yemeni architecture in this era of development.

ANIMAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC BRADFORD
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Pastoral Systems

Livestock play a very important role in the agriculture of most developing countries, accounting on average for an estimated half of agricultural output through their direct and indirect contributions. Major functions include: production of human-edible food from human-inedible forages, crop residues and by-products; concentrating nutrients, thus increasing the quality of food and producing high-value products for sale; serving as a source of savings and income for producers who lack access to banks or credit; recycling plant nutrients and improving soil fertility; serving as a food reserve; and providing draft power. Crop-livestock systems are in general more stable and more productive than cropping systems alone. A perceived problem due to livestock is overgrazing and environmental degradation, but these are usually the result of human mismanagement of the animals. Traditional pastoral systems can be not only persistent, but ecologically sound. The currently observed problems associated with pastoral systems in arid and semi-arid lands are more likely to result from breakdown of traditional management practices due to human population increase and external intervention or social changes, or from abiotic factors such as climatic variation, than from flaws in the traditional system. Research and development programs can increase the contributions of animals to the well-being of their owners and to the economies of developing countries. Some areas with high potential include: evaluation of local genetic resources; assessment of feed resources and design of economical, efficient supplementation strategies; and reduction of costs of disease control by development of multivalent vaccines. There are opportunities for large increases in efficiency of resource utilization and animal productivity. However, a more thorough understanding of social and economic as well as biological aspects of production systems than has usually existed in development projects is essential for interventions, where they are indicated, to be effective. Key words: Food quality, efficiency, production systems, sustainability, genetic resources, animal traction

scholarly journals Natural Building Materials for Interior Fitting and Refurbishment—What about Indoor Emissions?

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Matthias Richter ◽  
Wolfgang Horn ◽  
Elevtheria Juritsch ◽  
Andrea Klinge ◽  
Leon Radeljic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Partition Walls ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Internal Partition ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Natural Building

Indoor air quality can be adversely affected by emissions from building materials, consequently having a negative impact on human health and well-being. In this study, more than 30 natural building materials (earth dry boards and plasters, bio-based insulation materials, and boards made of wood, flax, reed, straw, etc.) used for interior works were investigated as to their emissions of (semi-)volatile organic compounds ((S)VOC), formaldehyde, and radon. The study focused on the emissions from complete wall build-ups as they can be used for internal partition walls and the internal insulation of external walls. Test chambers were designed, allowing the compounds to release only from the surface of the material facing indoors under testing parameters that were chosen to simulate model room conditions. The emission test results were evaluated using the AgBB evaluation scheme, a procedure for the health-related evaluation of construction products and currently applied for the approval of specific groups of building materials in Germany. Seventeen out of 19 sample build-ups tested in this study would have passed this scheme since they generally proved to be low-emitting and although the combined emissions of multiple materials were tested, 50% of the measurements could be terminated before half of the total testing time.

Removing NOx Pollution by Photocatalytic Building Materials in Real-Life: Evaluation of Existing Field Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille D. Pedersen ◽  
Nina Lock ◽  
Henrik Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

: The NOx gasses (NO and NO2) are among the most important air pollutants, due to the toxicity of NO2, as well as the role of NOx in the tropospheric oxidation of Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs), contributing to the formation of other hazardous air pollutants. Air pollution is one of the biggest health threats world-wide, hence reducing NOx levels is an important objective of the UN sustainable development goals, e.g. #3, “Good health and well-being” and #11 “Sustainable cities and communities”. Photocatalysis using TiO2 and light is a promising technique for removing NOx along with other pollutants, as demonstrated on laboratory scale. Furthermore, a long range of real-life test studies of varying scales have been conducted during the past two decades. The results of these studies have been conflicting, with some studies reporting no effect on the ambient air quality and others reporting significant reductions of NOx level. However, the studies are very difficult to compare and assess due to the very different approaches used, which consequently vary in quality. In this review, we aim to develop a set of objective evaluation criteria to assess the quality of the individual studies in order to simplify the interpretation and comparison of the existing studies. Moreover, we propose some guidelines for future test-studies. Furthermore, the approaches and main conclusions from 23 studies are independently assessed and discussed herein.

Concerns and difficulties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults with cancer in Mexico.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12042-12042
Author(s):  
Sofia Sánchez-Román ◽  
Yanin Chavarri Guerra ◽  
Andrea Morales Morales Alfaro ◽  
Daniela Ramirez Maza ◽  
Andrea de la O Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
The Individual

12042 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the well-being of people not only due to the disease but also because of stay-at-home orders, social distancing, unemployment, and different kinds of loses. Older adults have particularly suffered during the pandemic, with increased health-related concerns and anxiety leading to increased vulnerability. However, little is known about the effects of the pandemic on older adults with cancer living in developing countries. They are facing issues related to their diagnosis and treatment, as well as the effects of the pandemic on their care and on the well-being of their families. To improve care for this vulnerable population, we studied the concerns and difficulties associated with COVID-19 among older Mexican adults with cancer. Methods: We included patients age ≥65 with the 10 most common tumors in Mexico according to GLOBOCAN and within 3-24 months of cancer diagnosis at two public hospitals in Mexico City. Patients were contacted telephonically and asked to complete a survey reporting the difficulties encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic and to rate their concerns associated with cancer care management using a 0-10 Likert-type scale, with higher ratings meaning increased concerns. Focused interviews were used to describe the individual experience of selected patients and their relatives related to COVID-19 and cancer care. Results: Between April 20, 2020 and December 1, 2021, 67 patients (mean age 71.9, min 65, max 90; 35.8% female; 62.7% living with a partner) were included. The most common tumors were prostate (43%), colon (16%), and lung (12%). 46% had Stage IV disease, and 61% had a life expectancy of more than a year. Twenty-five percent of patients reported encountering at least one difficulty in obtaining cancer care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 43% of the patients reported difficulties with accessing follow-up cancer care; 39% reported issues with obtaining medications, including chemotherapy; and 34% reported problems obtaining medical care in general, including oncology visits. Regarding concerns, 33% of the patients reported being “very worried” or “extremely worried” about the COVID-19 pandemic. The most relevant concerns were related to getting infected with COVID-19 (or having a family member who became infected) (mean rating 7.9, SD 2.9); not being able to pay for cancer treatments or medical care (mean rating 6.9, SD 3.5); and worsening of cancer due to delayed care during the pandemic (mean rating 6.6, SD 3.7). Conclusions: A significant proportion of older adults with cancer in Mexico faced difficulties obtaining cancer treatment and follow-up care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their most relevant concerns included getting infected, financial losses, and progression of disease. Creating systems to provide continued cancer care for vulnerable populations in developing countries is essential to face the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessment of contamination by rocket fuel components of remedied sites of silo launchers

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 567-571
Author(s):  
Olga N. Semenova ◽  
Tatyana V. Ryabova ◽  
Olga M. Hudyakova ◽  
Svetlana V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Rocket Fuel ◽  
Nature Restoration ◽  
Liquid Rocket ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Introduction. The use of highly toxic and highly hazardous components of liquid rocket fuel in silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles makes it necessary to assure the health and epidemiological well-being of the population and environmental safety when eliminating silo launchers. The study aims to assess the chemical safety of the sites of silo launchers after their elimination by detonation and remediation of disturbed lands. Materials and methods. Samples of soil, water, vegetation were taken at 20 remedied sites of the former silo launchers of "single start" located in the Chelyabinsk region and the Altai Territory. These samples were analyzed in an accredited laboratory for the content of unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine and its degradation products using certified photometric methods. Results. At the time of the survey in 2019, in 19 of 20 sites of former silo launchers, facts of unauthorized intrusion to the remedied sites were established in order to recover a scrap of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, building materials up to the depth of the location of the destroyed shafts of mine structures. In soil samples from 3 sites of silo launchers located in the Chelyabinsk region, asymmetric dimethyl-hydrazine was found in concentrations exceeding the MPC by 1.02 - 1.6 times. In water samples from open and water-flooded shafts of silo launchers, degradation products of unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine were absent. Contamination of herbaceous and coniferous vegetation with asymmetric dimethyl-hydrazine at the surveyed sites has not been established. Conclusion. Soil contamination with asymmetric dimethyl-hydrazine at three remedied sites of 20 surveyed ones may be the result of their unauthorized opening. After the intrusion, the orphan sites of the silo launchers become objects of increased chemical hazard and environmental risk. Such things require carrying out nature restoration work, strengthening supervision over their technical, health and ecological condition.

YÜKSEK YAPILARIN TASARIMLARININ VE YAPIM TEKNİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cihat ARI
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
New Construction ◽  
High Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Design And Construction

With the increase of the population recently, changes have occurred in the design and construction techniques of the buildings due to the insufficient building stock. With the development of science and technology, new construction techniques have emerged in the construction and design of structures. In the global population increase, high-rise buildings were built to meet the need for shelter and these structures were built with the development of technology. However, high-rise buildings have become the symbol of technological development for countries and cities. Since the 21st century, the construction of high-rise buildings in cities with different designs and new construction techniques has provided the development of architecture and engineering. It is important to design high-rise buildings in accordance with the culture and texture of the city. In addition, high-rise buildings should be built as structures resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires and floods. For this reason, the design and construction techniques of high-rise buildings have become a research subject in the field of architecture and engineering. The aim of this study is to examine the designs and construction techniques of high-rise buildings. In the first part of the study, the concept of high rise building and its historical development are discussed. In the second part of the study, the designs and construction techniques of high-rise buildings are investigated. In addition, the study was conducted to examine the high structure by giving examples from the world and Turkey. Within the scope of the study, literature researches such as domestic and international articles, books, published theses, web resources were conducted and data were collected. As a result of the examinations made within the scope of the study, it is important to select the building materials in accordance with the characteristics of the building materials in the design and construction techniques of high-rise buildings with the development of technology. Therefore, the architect should know the properties of the materials in the design of high-rise buildings and use them in accordance with the properties of the material in the construction of the buildings. In addition, increasing the height of the building by making aerodynamic designs in high buildings reduces the effect of the wind speed.

HIGH-TECH — THE BIRTH OF STYLE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.И. Возвышаева
Keyword(s):  
Local Time ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Creation ◽  
British Architecture

Статья раскрывает механизмы формирования понятия «стиль хай-тек». Как архитектурный стиль он представляет собой локальное явление в британской архитектуре между 1967 и 1987 годами и ограничен определенным кругом архитекторов. Однако новые внестилевые подходы, разработанные его лидерами, сегодня нашли широкое применение и активно используются, оказав огромное влияние на развитие современной архитектуры. В статье прослеживается процесс интенсивных поисков концепций и профессиональных методов, которые привели к созданию иной, соответствующей времени прорывных технологий архитектуры. Article reveals mechanisms of the formation the concept of “Style high-tech”. As an architectural style, it is a phenomenon in British architecture of the local time between 1967 and 1987 and limited to a certain circle of architects. However new out-of-style approaches of its leaders are widely used and had a huge impact on the development of modern architecture. The article traces the process of searching for concepts and professional methods that led to the creation of a new architecture, corresponding to the time of breakthrough technologies.

Metal Coat of Modern Architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1379-1382
Author(s):  
Tie Xin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Metal Material ◽  
History Of

There has been a long history of applying metal to architecture. At the beginning, they just appeared in the structure of bridges, factories and storages, and then gradually turned up as a form of building structural materials in civil architecture such as markets, schools and office buildings. So all the time, metal like steel structure or hardware impresses people as a kind of industrialized building materials. With the development of architectural technology and the researching of characteristics of building materials, metal material has been brought in building skin design with brand-new appearance, and coruscate new vitality in the field of architectural design depending on full of variety of expressions and economic environmental character.

scholarly journals The Impact of Lack of Clean Cooking Fuels on Sustainable Development in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Garba ◽  
Richard Bellingham
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The World ◽  
Cooking Fuels ◽  
The Impact

Access to energy is crucial in tackling many of the current global development challenges that impact on people’s economic, health and social well-being as well as the ability to meet the commitments of reducing carbon emissions through clean energy use. Despite increased attention from multiple governments and agencies, energy poverty remains a serious sustainable development issue in many developing countries. To date, most research have focused on general access to electricity and the generation of clean energy to replace fossil fuels, failing to address the lack of basic access to clean energy for cooking and heating. More people in the world lack access to clean cooking fuels than to electricity. This issue is one aspect of a broader research which investigates the impacts of optimized energy policy and energy business models on sustainable development in developing countries.

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