Surface Roughness Estimation of Turned Parts from Optical Image Measurements and Wavelet Decomposition

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-72
Author(s):  
R. Kamguem ◽  
A. S. Tahan ◽  
V. Songmene
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Vision System ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Turned Parts ◽  
The Impact

The surface roughness is very significant information required for product quality on the field of mechanical engineering and manufacturing, especially in aeronautic. Its measurement must therefore be conducted with care. In this work, a measuring method of the surface roughness based on machine vision was studied. The authors' use algorithms to evaluate new discriminatory features thereby than the statistical characteristics using the coefficients of the wavelet transform and used to estimate the roughness parameters. This vision system allows measuring simultaneously several parameters of the roughness at the same time, order to meet for the desired surface function used. The results were validated on three different families of materials: aluminum, cast iron and brass. The impact of material on the quality of the results was analyzed, leading to the development of multi-materials. The study had shown that several roughness parameters can be estimated using only features extracted from the image and a neural network without a priori knowledge of the machining parameters.

scholarly journals Surface Quality Assessment after Milling AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Using PCD Tool

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Zagórski ◽  
Jarosław Korpysa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters

Surface roughness is among the key indicators describing the quality of machined surfaces. Although it is an aggregate of several factors, the condition of the surface is largely determined by the type of tool and the operational parameters of machining. This study sought to examine the effect that particular machining parameters have on the quality of the surface. The investigated operation was the high-speed dry milling of a magnesium alloy with a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool dedicated for light metal applications. Magnesium alloys have low density, and thus are commonly used in the aerospace or automotive industries. The state of the Mg surfaces was assessed using the 2D surface roughness parameters, measured on the lateral and the end face of the specimens, and the end-face 3D area roughness parameters. The description of the surfaces was complemented with the surface topography maps and the Abbott–Firestone curves of the specimens. Most 2D roughness parameters were to a limited extent affected by the changes in the cutting speed and the axial depth of cut, therefore, the results from the measurements were subjected to statistical analysis. From the data comparison, it emerged that PCD-tipped tools are resilient to changes in the cutting parameters and produce a high-quality surface finish.

scholarly journals Derivation of Effective Aerodynamic Surface Roughness in Urban Areas from Airborne Lidar Terrain Data

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2614-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Holland ◽  
Judith A. Berglund ◽  
Joseph P. Spruce ◽  
Rodney D. McKellip
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Broward County ◽  
Effective Surface ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Variable Wind ◽  
The Impact

Abstract An automated technique was developed that uses only airborne lidar terrain data to derive the necessary parameters for calculation of effective aerodynamic surface roughness in urban areas. The technique provides parameters for geometric models that have been used over the past 40+ years by automatically deriving the relevant geometry, orientation, and spacing of buildings and trees. In its prototypical form, this technique subsequently calculates an effective surface roughness for 1-km2 parcels of land for each of five geometric models. The user can define several constraints to guide processing based on a priori knowledge of the urban area or lidar data characteristics. Any given wind direction (or range of directions) can be selected to simulate conditions of variable wind flow and the impact on effective surface roughness. The operation, capabilities, and limitations of the technique were demonstrated using lidar terrain data from Broward County, Florida.

scholarly journals Impact of Urban Surface Roughness Length Parameterization Scheme on Urban Atmospheric Environment Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meichun Cao ◽  
Zhaohui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Parameterization Scheme ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Surface Roughness Length ◽  
Environment Simulation ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the impact of urban surface roughness lengthz0parameterization scheme on the atmospheric environment simulation over Beijing has been investigated through two sets of numerical experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Urban Canopy Model. For the control experiment (CTL), the urban surfacez0parameterization scheme used in UCM is the model default one. For another experiment (EXP), a newly developed urban surfacez0parameterization scheme is adopted, which takes into account the comprehensive effects of urban morphology. The comparison of the two sets of simulation results shows that all the roughness parameters computed from the EXP run are larger than those in the CTL run. The increased roughness parameters in the EXP run result in strengthened drag and blocking effects exerted by buildings, which lead to enhanced friction velocity, weakened wind speed in daytime, and boosted turbulent kinetic energy after sunset. Thermal variables (sensible heat flux and temperature) are much less sensitive toz0variations. In contrast with the CTL run, the EXP run reasonably simulates the observed nocturnal low-level jet. Besides, the EXP run-simulated land surface-atmosphere momentum and heat exchanges are also in better agreement with the observation.

scholarly journals Multi-objective optimization and analysis for laser beam cutting of stainless steel (SS304) using hybrid statistical tools GA-RSM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A D Tura ◽  
H B Mamo ◽  
D G Desisa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A laser beam machine is a non-traditional manufacturing technique that uses thermal energy to cut nearly all types of materials. The quality of laser cutting is significantly affected by process parameters. The purpose of this study is to use a genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with response surface approaches to improve surface roughness in laser beam cutting CO2 with a continuous wave of SS 304 stainless steel. The effects of the machining parameters, such as cutting speed, nitrogen gas pressure, and focal point location, were investigated quantitatively and optimized. The tests were carried out using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal mesh approach. Analysis of variance, main effect plots, and 3D surface plots were used to evaluate the impact of cutting settings on surface roughness. A multi-objective genetic algorithm in MATLAB was used to achieve a minimum surface roughness of 0.93746 μm, with the input parameters being 2028.712 mm/m cutting speed, 11.389 bar nitrogen pressure, and a focal point position of - 2.499 mm. The optimum results of each method were compared, as the results the response surface approach is less promising than the genetic algorithm method.

scholarly journals Process Capability Assessment Using Vision System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Shivanna Dodda Mallappa ◽  
◽  
Kiran Mysore Bhaskar ◽  
Venkatesh Gude Subbaraya ◽  
Kavitha Shimoga Divakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Measuring Surface ◽  
Roughness Assessment

Surface roughness assessment would help in predicting a component’s functionality. This clearly shows the significance of measuring the surface roughness of machined components. Thus, each machined component, depending upon its intended function, requires a certain surface finish. To predict the surface roughness of a machined component, a detailed understanding of the machining parameters is essential. This is because, surface roughness generated on a component, depends upon machining parameters speed, feed, and depth of cut. A stable manufacturing process gives a consistent surface finish on all the manufactured components. Thus, only by having a stable process, consistent quality of manufactured products is possible. The capability of the machine is defined as the capability of the machine to carry out the set process efficiently and effectively to produce parts as per the specification limits. Machining parameters, tools, coolant flow rate, etc. An effort has been made in this research work, to show how by measuring surface roughness of machined components process capability can be assessed. Thus, the method is a novel technique of assessing the process capability of a given process. A capable process would help a manufacturing company in meeting customer expectations. The proposed method is of non-contact type, quick, and industry-friendly.

The Surface Quality Detection and Electrical Discharge Mirror Machining with Non-Mixed-Powder

2015 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Huan Ran Lv ◽  
Xiu Wu Sui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Quality Detection ◽  
The Impact

By using analytical and finite element analysis method, this paper analyzes the various factors on the impact of EDM surface roughness, puts forward a new mirror machining method of changing the order of the processing conditions and increasing the momentum of the swinging electrode in the process of EDM. Puts a measuring method for the surface quality with white light interferometer characterized by non-contact, high precision and vertical resolution in nanometer. Experiments show that in the non-mixed powder fluid, without replacing the electrodes and the processed work-piece is 45 # steel, the surface roughness of work-piece is 0.02 micro-meter, which meets the requirements for precision of the electrical discharge mirror machining.

scholarly journals The Effect of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters on the Condition of Al-Si Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kulisz ◽  
Ireneusz Zagórski ◽  
Jarosław Korpysa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Sample Height

This paper analyses the effect of the abrasive waterjet cutting parameters’ modification on the condition of the workpiece surface layer. The post-machined surface of casting aluminium alloys, AlSi10Mg and AlSi21CuNi, was characterised in terms of surface roughness and irregularities, chamfering, and microhardness in order to reveal the effect that variable jet feed rate, abrasive flow rate, and sample height (thickness of the cut material) have on the quality of surface finish. From the analysis of the results, it emerges that the surface roughness remains largely unaffected by changes in the sample height h or the abrasive flow rate ma, whereas it is highly susceptible to the increase in the jet feed rate vf. It has been shown that, in principle, the machining does not produce the strengthening effect, that is, an increase in microhardness. Owing to the irregularities that are typically found on the workpieces cut with higher jet feed rates vf, additional surface finish operations may prove necessary. In addition, chamfering was found to occur throughout the entire range of speeds vf. The statistical significance of individual variables on the 2D surface roughness parameters, Ra/Rz/RSm, was determined using factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results were verified by means of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling (radial basis function and multi-layered perceptron), which was employed to predict the surface roughness parameters under consideration. The obtained correlation coefficients show that ANNs exhibit satisfying predictive capacity, and are thus a suitable tool for the prediction of surface roughness parameters in abrasive waterjet (AWJ) technology.

scholarly journals Towards intelligent CFRP composite machining: Surface analysis methods and statistical data analysis of machined fibre laminate surfaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440542096092
Author(s):  
Nicolas Duboust ◽  
Michael Watson ◽  
Matt Marshall ◽  
Garret E O’Donnel ◽  
Kevin Kerrigan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters

Many carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite parts need to be edged trimmed before use to ensure both geometry and mechanical performance of the part edge matches the design intent. Measurement and control of machining induced surface damage of composite material is key to ensuring the part retains its strength and fatigue properties. Typically, the overall surface roughness of the machined face is taken to be an indicator of the amount of damage to the surface, and it is important that the measurement and prediction of surface roughness is completed reliably. It is known that the surface damage is heavily dependent on the fibre orientation of the composite and cutting tool edge condition. This research has developed a new ply-by-ply surface roughness measurement methods using optical focus variation surface analysis and image segmentation for calculating areal surface roughness parameters of a machined carbon fibre composite laminate. Machining experiments have been completed using a polycrystalline diamond edge trimming tool at increasing levels of cutting edge radius. Optical surface measurement and µ-CT scanning have been used to assess machining induced surface and sub-surface defects on individual fibre orientations. Statistical analysis has been used to assess the significance of machining parameters on Sa (arithmetic mean height of area) and Sv (areal magnitude of maximum valley depth) areal roughness parameters, on both overall roughness and ply-by-ply fibre orientations. Empirical models have been developed to predict surface roughness parameters using statistical methods. It has been shown that cutting edge degradation, fibre orientation and feed rate will significantly affect the cutting mechanism, machining induced surface defects and surface roughness parameters.

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